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Bivariate association of demographic, behavior and health status variables with major depressive symptoms
Source publication
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic's mental health consequences remain unknown.
Aim
to assess the mental health status of ambulatory cardiometabolic patients during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Spanish speaking Latin American countries.
Methods
Cardiometabolic patients without COVID-19 evidence in 13 Latin American countries answered a survey betw...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the bivariate logistic regression analysis, the group that was associated with symptoms of major depression was more likely to be female, be unemployed, report a very low income, and were more likely to have a previous history of stroke, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, cardiac valvular disease, arrhythmias, previous hospitalization, treatment with more than 5 different medications/day, conduct less than 100 minutes per week of physical activities, have a lower fruit and vegetable consumption, have reduced food consumption and demonstrate poor treatment adherence (Table 3). ...Similar publications
The impact of COVID-19 has not been described so far in a military setting, especially in Latin America.1 Latin America has recently become the main epicentre of the pandemic due to the significant rise in the number of cases in Brazil and other countries in the region, accounting for more than 10.61 million cases just in South America (November 22...
Citations
... Since the COVID-19 outbreak, hospitalizations for all patients have decreased, except for acute disease recovery, while hospitalizations for chronic diseases have remained low, suggesting the need for appropriate interventions for patients with unmanaged chronic diseases [11]. A lack of access to treatment and delayed treatment due to concerns about infection are associated with increased anxiety and depression in patients with chronic diseases, such as oncological patients [12] and cardiovascular patients [13]. ...
Aims:
This study evaluated the association between depression and lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated this association in patients with chronic diseases.
Methods:
Data were obtained from the 2020 Community Health Survey in South Korea. This study included 212,806 participants and perceived changes in life patterns (sleep, food, and exercise) after the COVID-19 outbreak were measured. People with hypertension or diabetes were categorized as patients with chronic diseases and depression was defined as a score of ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
Results:
Compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic, increased or decreased sleep, the consumption of instant food, and decreased physical activity were associated with increased depression. Compared with the general population, patients with chronic diseases showed increased depression, with or without medication. Additionally, among patients with chronic diseases not taking medication, increased physical activity was associated with reduced depression, whereas reduced physical activity was associated with increased depression in both younger and older groups.
Conclusions:
This study found that unhealthy lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with increased depression. Maintaining a certain lifestyle is important for mental health. Chronic disease patients need appropriate disease management, including physical activity.
... We further categorized the number of obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors and/or chronic conditions as '0' , '1-2' and '≥ 3' 37,42 . Neither self-rated health nor symptoms of depression are established Covid-19 risk factors although both of these characteristics are linked to psychological health and risk perception, with self-rated health serving as a proxy of health status 43 . Whereas categorical data were summarized using frequencies and percentages, continuous data were summarized by calculating measures of central tendency (mean, median) and dispersion (standard error (SEM), interquartile range), as appropriate. ...
The purpose of this longitudinal study is to construct a prediction model for Covid-19 level of concern using established Covid-19 socio-demographic, lifestyle and health risk characteristics and to examine specific contributions of obesity-related cardiometabolic health characteristics as predictors of Covid-19 level of concern among a representative sample of U.S. older adults. We performed secondary analyses of existing data on 2872 2006–2020 Health and Retirement Study participants and examined 19 characteristics in relation to the outcome of interest using logistic regression and machine learning algorithms. In mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression models, a history of diabetes, stroke as well as 1–2 cardiometabolic risk factors and/or chronic conditions were associated with greater Covid-19 level of concern, after controlling for confounders. Female sex, birth cohort, minority race, Hispanic ethnicity and total wealth as well as depressive symptoms were associated with higher level of Covid-19 concern, and education was associated with lower level of Covid-19 concern in fully adjusted mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression models. The selected socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics accounted for < 70% of the variability in Covid-19 level of concern based on machine learning algorithms. Independent risk factors for Covid-19 level of concern among U.S. older adults include socio-demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms. Advanced research is needed to identify relevant predictors and elucidate underlying mechanisms of observed relationships.
... The World Health Organization labeled the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) triggered by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30 th , 2020 1 and as an infectious disease of pandemic magnitude on March 11th, 2020. [2][3][4][5][6] The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has affected over 200 countries with approximately 131 million confirmed cases and 2.85 million fatalities by April 2021 worldwide, including 30.8 million confirmed cases and 555,000 fatalities in the United States alone. 3,[6][7][8][9][10][11] The clinical presentation, course and prognosis of Covid-19 can range from asymptomatic to mild, moderate and severe symptomatology, potentially leading to hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. ...
Background
To identify key socio-demographic, lifestyle and health predictors of self-reported coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) history, examine cardiometabolic health characteristics as predictors of self-reported Covid-19 history and compare groups with and without a history of Covid-19 on trajectories in cardiometabolic health and blood pressure measurements over time, among U.S. older adults.
Methods
Nationally representative longitudinal data on U.S. older adults from the 2006-2020 Health and Retirement Study were analyzed using logistic and mixed-effects logistic regression models.
Results
Based on logistic regression, number of household members (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.52), depressive symptoms score (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.42) and number of cardiometabolic risk factors or chronic conditions (‘1-2’ versus ‘0’) (OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.67) were significant predictors of self-reported Covid-19 history. Based on mixed-effects logistic regression, several statistically significant predictors of Covid-19 history were identified, including female sex (OR=3.06, 95% CI: 1.57, 5.96), other race (OR=5.85, 95% CI: 2.37, 14.43), Hispanic ethnicity (OR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.15, 6.17), number of household members (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.42), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (1-4 times per month vs. never) (OR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.78) and number of cardiometabolic risk factors or chronic conditions (‘1-2’ versus ‘0’) (OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.60).
Conclusions
Number of household members, depressive symptoms and number of cardiometabolic risk factors or chronic conditions may be key predictors for self-reported Covid-19 history among U.S. older adults. In-depth analyses are needed to confirm preliminary findings.
... In year 2020, as a product of the modifications in the life of all of humanity due to the new Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous publications, both national and international, have shown the deep repercussions of these modifications overlapping different aspects of health, both in patients and in health care staff. Thus, some studies in the region have documented that people experienced sadness, symptoms of depression and hopelessness, with less healthy life habits, and less adherence to chronic treatments [2,3,4]. ...
... Adopting a gender-perspective in research has shown benefits in patient care for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other conditions that affect both women and men 7 ; translating this perspective to the study of COVID-19 infection and its consequences may substantially optimize patients care. 8 In addition, a significant proportion of patients experienced an increased incidence of psychological symptoms during lockdown measures, 9 but little is known about how genderrelated differences affected mental health status. As COVID-19 is a potent stressor, its consequences on mental health disorders need to be addressed with a gender-related approach, considering that women appear to be more susceptible to social isolation and specific stressrelated psychiatric disorders. ...
... 21 A previous publication of the psychological impact of CorCOVID LATAM study also showed a higher incidence of self-reported depressive symptoms in women. 9 As the pandemic continues, follow-up studies monitoring long-term impact on physical and mental health are essential. 22 Additionally, a better understanding of gender disparities could contribute in the development of better public health policies. ...
Background
COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures have disrupted lifestyle habits and self-care. Gender differences in health behavior during the pandemic have not yet been fully elucidated.
Aim
To evaluate gender-related differences in the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cardiometabolic diseases.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was administered to cardiometabolic patients in 13 Latin American countries between June 15th and July 15th, 2020.
Results
The study included 4,216 participants, of which 2,147 (50.9%) were women. Women reported healthier eating habits as well as lower tobacco and alcohol consumption than men but exercised less and reported increased symptoms of depression. Low income and symptoms of depression were associated with sedentarism in women.
Conclusion
Women presented better dietary habits during COVID-19 pandemic but reported lower levels of physical activity and more frequent symptoms of depression. The interplay between psychological factors and sedentarism could increase the risk of cardiovascular events in this population.
... Ten papers were cross-sectional studies [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][29][30][31], and one was a retrospective longitudinal study [28]. ...
... The detailed characteristics of the eleven included papers are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Ten papers were cross-sectional studies [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][29][30][31], and one was a retrospective longitudinal study [28]. ...
... Ten of the included studies investigated factors associated with depression [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], six with anxiety [21,23,24,26,27,30], and one unified both psychological outcomes in a single variable expressed as "depression or anxiety" [31]. Additionally, one of the studies analysed the associations with comorbid depression and anxiety [26]. ...
COVID-19 represents a threat to public health and the mental health of the aged population. Prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety have been reported in previous reviews in other populations; however, a systematic review on the factors associated with depression and anxiety in older adults is not currently present in the literature. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest Psychology Database, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases (23 February 2021). The results were obtained by entering a combination of MeSH or Emtree terms with keywords related to COVID-19, elderly, depression and anxiety in the databases. A total of 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Female gender, loneliness, poor sleep quality and poor motor function were identified as factors associated with both depression and anxiety. Aspects related to having a stable and high monthly income represent protective factors for both depression and anxiety, and exercising was described as protective for depression. This study synthesised information and analysed the main factors associated with depression and anxiety in the older population during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the cross-sectional design of most of the included studies does not allow a causal relationship between the factors analysed and depression or anxiety.
... p < 0.004), and low fruits and vegetables intake (OR 1.46; 95%CI 1.05-2.03; p < 0.024) [37]. The consequences of these neglected aspects will surely be reflected in an increase in mental disorders such as major depression and stress, which have a proven relationship with cardiovascular outcomes [38]. ...
Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has modified the cardiovascular care of ambulatory patients. The aim of this survey was to study changes in lifestyle habits, treatment adherence, and mental health status in patients with cardiometabolic disease, but no clinical evidence of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in ambulatory patients with cardiometabolic disease using paper/digital surveys. Variables investigated included socioeconomic status, physical activity, diet, tobacco use, alcohol intake, treatment discontinuation, and psychological symptoms.
Results: A total of 4,216 patients (50.9% males, mean age 60.3 ± 15.3 years old) from 13 Spanish-speaking Latin American countries were enrolled. Among the study population, 46.4% of patients did not have contact with a healthcare provider, 31.5% reported access barriers to treatments and 17% discontinued some medication. Multivariate analysis showed that non-adherence to treatment was more prevalent in the secondary prevention group: peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.55, CI 1.08–2.24; p = 0.018), heart failure (OR 1.36, CI 1.05–1.75; p = 0.017), and coronary artery disease (OR 1.29 CI 1.04–1.60; p = 0.018). No physical activity was reported by 38% of patients. Only 15% of patients met minimum recommendations of physical activity (more than 150 minutes/week) and vegetable and fruit intake. Low/very low income (45.5%) was associated with a lower level of physical activity (p < 0.0001), less fruit and vegetables intake (p < 0.0001), more tobacco use (p < 0.001) and perception of depression (p < 0.001). Low educational level was also associated with the perception of depression (OR 1.46, CI 1.26–1.70; p < 0.01).
Conclusions: Patients with cardiometabolic disease but without clinical evidence of COVID-19
showed significant medication non-adherence, especially in secondary prevention patients. Deterioration
in lifestyle habits and appearance of depressive symptoms during the pandemic were
frequent and related to socioeconomic status.
... The rationale and design of the main study have been previously published [27]. It was a survey sponsored by the InterAmerican Society of Cardiology (SIAC) and performed by cardiologists from 13 Spanish-speaking countries to patients older than 18 years with prior CV or metabolic diseases, including arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, heart failure, valvular disease, pericardial disease, obesity, dyslipidemia, or diabetes, with no evidence or history of COVID-19 infection, with the aim to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on habits, lifestyle, access to healthcare and treatments, as well as psychological factors [28]. The information was gathered in an online platform (Google Forms platform, Mountain View, CA) between 15 June and 15 July 2020. ...
Background:
Influenza vaccination (IV) and Pneumococcus vaccination (PV) are recommended for patients with cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the immunization rate of ambulatory cardiometabolic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Americas.
Methods:
Electronic surveys were collected from 13 Spanish speaking countries between 15 June and 15 July 2020.
Results:
4216 patients were analyzed. Mean age 60 (±15) years and 49% females. Global IV rate was 46.5% and PV 24.6%. Vaccinated patients were older (IV = 63 vs. 58 years; PV = 68 vs. 59, p < 0.01) but without gender difference. Vaccination rates were greater in higher-risk groups (65+, diabetics, heart failure), but not in coronary artery disease patients. In the Southern cone, the rate of IV and PV was approximately double that in the tropical regions of the Americas. In a multivariate model, geographic zone (IV = OR 2.02, PV = OR 2.42, p < 0.001), age (IV = OR 1.023, PV = OR 1.035, p < 0.001), and incomes (IV = OR 1.28, PV = OR 1.58, p < 0.001) were predictors for vaccination.
Conclusions:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, ambulatory patients with cardiometabolic diseases from the Americas with no evidence of COVID-19 infection had lower-than-expected rates of IV and PV. Geographic, social, and cultural differences were found, and they should be explored in depth.
Consenso de Prevención Cardiovascular
Aim
We aimed to evaluate health and nutrition behaviors among the Panamanian population during the confinement period corresponding to the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Methods
We conducted a cross‐sectional study using an online survey for data collection with a total of 2475 participants over the age of 18 using an online survey. We also completed 64 face‐to‐face interviews. After data validation, 1561 surveys were included in the study. Most respondents were women (74.2%) between 18 and 49 years old. Among the respondents, 83.3% had a university education level, and 49.9% reported a monthly family income of fewer than 1000 USD. In addition, more than 50% self‐reported as overweight or obese.
Results
We identified three dietary patterns: a healthy, a non‐healthy, and a mixed dietary pattern. The respondents with healthy and nonhealthy dietary patterns reported better socioeconomic conditions than participants from the mixed dietary pattern. Individuals with mixed dietary patterns had lower incomes, less education, and higher unemployment rates. Regarding emotions, we found that women experienced more negative emotions, such as fear, worry, and anxiety, during the lockdown period.
Conclusions
Taken together, these results indicate that the mobility restriction measures imposed during the COVID‐19 pandemic could have affected dietary patterns by exacerbating existing inequalities. Directing resources toward promoting healthy nutrition strategies with the most significant positive impacts on public health is a priority, especially in critical situations such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.
