Bi-Directional prediction with Multi-Reference Animation From Figure 4, we can make two observations. First, bidirectional prediction can significantly improve visual quality, as intuitively expected. Second, MRDAC has a small but consistent gain over MVAC, likely due to the contrastive loss used for training and weighted aggregation of reference frame features.

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... Fig. 4 we illustrate the relative performance in bidirectional prediction mode, i.e., both past and future frames are used as references. Similar to B frames in conventional codecs, this mode has the potential to increase coding gains, at the cost of augmented structural latency. In this evaluation, we constrain the frameworks to use only a ...

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... this evaluation, we constrain the frameworks to use only a single future reference frame with a maximum delay of 2 seconds. Figure 4, we can make two observations. First, bidirectional prediction can significantly improve visual quality, as intuitively expected. ...