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... socio-demographic, travel-related, and psychological factors to LEZ acceptability. Owing to their very recent introduction, LEZ acceptability has never been specifically explored in the UK. The current research therefore draws upon a timely opportunity to explore LEZs in a UK context, prior to the implementation of Bath's 'Clean Air Zone' (see Fig. 1), with the view of aiding LEZ development and implementation in other ...
Context 2
... finding that two psychological factors, environmental moral obligation and identity, were the first and third most important predictors of LEZ acceptability is consistent with prior research. The strong explanatory power of moral obligation is consistent with theoretical frameworks, such as the VBN (Stern et al., 1999), and previous empirical work (Drews & van den Bergh, 2016;Ejelöv & Nilsson, 2020). Across the literature, high moral obligation towards the environment has been reported as the strongest predictor of several environmental behaviours, such as reduced car use (Andersson, 2020) and green purchasing behaviours ( Liu et al., 2020). ...
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... Therefore, by outsourcing control, responsibility is placed on external forces to regulate behaviour [91] and to determine the extent that personal "sacrifice" is required. Whilst the possibility of policy support may be promising for governments concerned about public perceptions of stricter regulation [92], future research should examine the types of behaviours that individuals desire to be enforced and the extent that individuals understand the personal implications of adherence; in other words, whether individuals would accept the possibility of policy that may indeed impede their personal choices or behaviour [54,93,94]. ...
... The authors note that widespread LEZ implementation faces a major obstacle in public acceptability, given that public opinion is a central factor influencing the effectiveness of policies. 4 In quantifying the relative importance of various predictors, this research can help foster public acceptability of LEZs and, hence, facilitate the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector. ...
This report, commissioned as part of the Sport@Bath initiative, explores how sustainability research at the University of Bath can address key environmental challenges in the sports sector. It reviews seven main areas of expertise—public attitudes, pro-environmental behaviour, sustainable diets, habit, different roles of the individual, sustainability and market value, and design and materials. The report identifies five critical sustainability challenges in sports: transport, sustainable diets, waste and materials, prioritizing sustainability, and communication. It offers insights on leveraging the university’s research to promote sustainable practices in sports, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration and the sector's potential to influence public attitudes towards sustainability.
... Recent initiatives aimed at reducing car use and inducing modal change include purely traffic demand management tools (Ben-Dor et al., 2023;Moeinaddini & Habibian, 2023) such as carbon pricing (Ben-Dor et al., 2022), congestion charging (Hosford et al., 2021;Milenković et al., 2019) or low emission zones (Gonzalez et al., 2022;Player et al., 2023), as well as area-based measures such as parking restrictions and low traffic neighborhoods (Petraki et al., 2022). Most importantly, they also include policies such as 15-minute cities or Superblocks, that aim to nudge changes in travel behavior by not explicitly forbidding nonsustainable behaviors, but making them more difficult and making street design to promote more sustainable behaviors such as utilitarian walking and cycling . ...
... Firstly, the concept of policy acceptability has not been comprehensively applied to a range of progressive and advanced built environment policies that aim to reduce travel demand and promote sustainable practices (Thaller et al., 2023). While substantial research has focused on the acceptability of policies such as congestion pricing (Ben-Dor et al., 2022;Gu et al., 2018;Hårsman and Quigley, 2010;Milenković et al., 2019;Sun et al., 2016), carbon taxes and (Carattini et al., 2018;Drews et al., 2022) and low traffic emission zones (Mehdizadeh & Shariat-Mohaymany, 2021;Morton et al., 2021;Oltra et al., 2021;Player et al., 2023), there is a notable lack of research on built environment-based travel behavior policies. These include transformative concepts like 15-minute cities, Superblocks, and urban center densification strategies, which are increasingly becoming part of municipal plans worldwide. ...
... Player et al. [33] advocate that the acceptability of LEZs is impacted by psychological factors, such as environmental moral obligation, perceptions of LEZ stringency, and environmental identity, as well as socio-demographic and travel-related factors, such as having dependent children and distance lived from the LEZ, and that this must be taken into account when defining the LEZ model to be adopted, as well as in the package of measures to support the LEZ. ...
... As stated by Attia et al. [27], from the start, clear reasons, a consistent strategy, a comprehensive package, and a long-term vision must be provided to the population so as not to create misunderstandings and unnecessary noise. Additionally, a good communica-tion and participation plan is essential to avoid cases such as Edinburgh and Manchester (UK), where the population rejected the implemented projects, which resulted in the costly redesign of both cities' LEZs [33]. ...
Rapid urbanization and car-centric mobility solutions have resulted in the degradation of environmental urban quality, impacting people’s health and well-being and city economies and harming urban ecosystems. Faced with the need to tackle traffic pollution, more than 300 low emission zones (LEZs) have been implemented, causing some social controversy. Nonetheless, researchers have focused their studies on evaluating LEZ efficacy towards urban congestion and air pollutants reduction, health and well-being improvement. This study presents a literature review of what is known about acceptability and acceptance of the population regarding the implementation of LEZs, along with the main issues, best practices, and suggestions to promote a better perception and mobility behavior change. Based on research conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, only 36 of 540 peer-reviewed articles on LEZs address public attitudes. Among the main findings, the following stand out: the existing gap in environmental urban quality approaches between countries, namely the Global North; the existence of few studies that evaluate perceptions before and after LEZ implementation; the lack of LEZ studies that consider noise and biodiversity, seeking a broader approach to this measure; and the importance of developing a support package measures that involves affected stakeholders and are adapted to each city’s characteristics.
... According to Morton et al., (2021), perceiving benefits such as pollutant matters reduction and air quality improvement can increase public support. Moreover, demographic characteristics, such as respondent gender, age, and socioeconomic status, were shown to play a significant role in LEZs acceptability, as found by Player et al. (2023), who observed that residents with higher educational attainment showed more acceptance to the proposal. ...
Purpose: This paper aims to identify complementary strategies for urban freight logistics in a low emission zone (LEZ) that can be implemented in downtown Medellin, Colombia. The strategies will be executed by identifying the characteristics and problems of the business establishments in the area and the entrepreneurs’ opinions.Design/Methodology/Approach: First, a literature review is performed in order to identify global and complementary strategies for the future LEZ, which is the study subject. Then, a “pilot” zone (a main corridor) of downtown Medellín is selected and the business establishment of the area are identified in order to spot problems and evaluate possible strategies for the future LEZ. This identification and evaluation phase is conducted through an interview with logistics managers in 105 establishments selected in the corridor for analysis.Findings: One of the outstanding findings concerns the specificity of the logistics and mobility problems in downtown Medellin, which is located in Colombia, a developing country. The main problems are traffic congestion, lack of regulation and control in loading and unloading areas, as well as inadequate infrastructure for these operations. These obstacles have a significant impact on business activities and air quality in the area. The proposed solutions to complement the LEZ strategy for freight transport focus on improving regulation, establishing specific loading and unloading areas, exploring sustainable transportation options such as the cargo bike, and supporting small and medium-sized businesses. This emphasizes the complexity of the situation and the need for a comprehensive approach to address these logistical and environmental challenges.Originality/Value: This study focuses on the analysis of urban freight logistics strategies that complement the traffic flow restriction policies imposed by low-emission zones. Unlike other studies that address these two issues independently, this paper specifically examines how to improve a LEZ as a comprehensive strategy to reduce the environmental impact of freight transport. In addition, it is noted that most publications tend to focus on passenger mobility strategies, which highlights the potential for research in the freight logistics field.
... Expected personal costs have also been found to significantly influence policy acceptability (Attari et al., 2009;Schade & Schlag, 2003). These costs can be perceived as financial but ere are also time or inconvenience costs (Player et al., 2023). In general, when individuals estimate that introducing a policy will increase personal costs through decreased convenience, this will generate resistance. ...
Many academics, urban planners and policymakers subscribe to the benefits of implementing the concept of the 15-Minute City (FMC) in metropolises across the globe. Despite the interest raised by the concept, and other variants of chrono-urbanism, to date, only a few studies have evaluated cities from the FMC perspective. Most studies on the subject also lack a proper well-defined methodology that can properly assess FMC conditions. In this context, this study contributes to the development of an appropriate FMC-measuring method by using network analysis for services and activities in the City of Barcelona (Catalonia, northeastern Spain). By using network analyst and basing our analysis on cadastral parcels, this study is able to detail the overall accessibility conditions of the city and its urban social functions based on the FMC perspective. The resulting spatial synthetic index is enhanced with the creation of partial indexes measuring the impact of education, provisioning, entertainment, public and non-motorized transport, and care facilities. The results show that most residents of this dense and compact city live in areas with proximity to services, that can clearly be labeled as FMC, although there are some shortfalls in peripheral areas. Results validate the FMC methodology as a viable method to highlight spatial inequalities at the microscale level, a valuable tool for the development of effective planning policies.
... Air pollutants are among the factors that play a role in the interaction between humans and their physical surroundings [2]. They are labeled as one of the critical determinants of life expectancy today [3]. The toll on public health is becoming more central to policy discussions, making quantification even more essential [4,5]. ...
... That is, people are more supportive of policies that are proportional to current and historical emissions, i.e., adopt a 'polluter pays' principle, and take account of someone's 'ability to pay' (Cai et al., 2010;Bechtel and Scheve, 2013), as well as polices that have consulted all groups that are likely to be affected and are considerate of them (Climate Assembly UK, 2020). The extent to which policies are seen as fair and thus supported does however vary across different socio-demographic groups, such as income, age and place of residence (Player et al., 2023). This may be due to different needs, opportunities and abilities, which is likely to impact upon the extent the different groups are affected by the policy (Player et al., 2023). ...
... The extent to which policies are seen as fair and thus supported does however vary across different socio-demographic groups, such as income, age and place of residence (Player et al., 2023). This may be due to different needs, opportunities and abilities, which is likely to impact upon the extent the different groups are affected by the policy (Player et al., 2023). ...
... These inconsistent findings may be because demographic factors only partially map on to people's needs and abilities, with more direct effects on policy support from perceived policy fairness (cf. Player et al., 2023). ...
Achieving ambitious carbon reduction targets requires transformative change to society, with behaviour change playing an important role. Climate change mitigation (‘net zero’) policies are needed to accelerate and support such behaviour change. This study examined factors and framing effects in public support for net zero policies in the United Kingdom (UK), making use of a large probability sample (n total = 5,665) survey conducted in August 2021. It found that net zero policies are widely supported, with only taxes on red meat and dairy products being supported by less than half of the UK public. Climate worry and perceived fairness were the strongest and most consistent predictors of policy support for net zero policies. The results further suggest that support for net zero policies can be increased by emphasising the co-benefits of the policies, in particular where they are beneficial for health. However, the framing effects were very small. In contrast, public support for net zero policies is lower when potential lifestyle and financial costs are mentioned. This suggests that perceived fairness of the distribution of costs and lifestyle implications of policies are crucial for building and maintaining support for net zero.
... Therefore, by outsourcing control, responsibility is placed on external forces to regulate their behaviour [91] and determine the extent that personal "sacrifice" is required. Whilst the possibility of policy support may be promising for governments concerned about public perceptions of stricter regulation [92], future research should examine the types of behaviours that individuals desire to be enforced and the extent that individuals understand the personal implications of adherence; in other words, whether individuals would accept the possibility of policy that may impede their personal choices or behaviour [54,93]. ...
Addressing climate change requires significant individual behaviour change, as well as deep societal transformations to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It has been argued that people with high socio-economic status (SES; i.e., with relatively higher levels of wealth, income, and education) have an important part to play to deliver these changes. This is due to not only disproportionate levels of emissions resulting from their carbon-intense consumer lifestyles, but also increased power to mitigate climate change via their other social roles (e.g., investor, role model, organisational participants, and citizen). Therefore, the present study sought to understand how individuals perceive these roles and opportunities. We recruited 81 high SES individuals in the UK to take part in an online qualitative study. We performed reflexive thematic analysis and generated 5 main themes; (1) Shifting responsibility to others in the system, (2) Seeing oneself mainly as a consumer, (3) Failure to recognise power within upstream social roles, (4) Climate change is perceived as a distant threat and, (5) Climate action is a positive experience. These findings suggest that to unlock the transformative potential that high SES people can bring to climate change mitigation, targeted policy and tailored education is required.
