Figure - available from: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Source publication
Background
Many modern pharmaceutical researchers continue to focus on the discovery and evaluation of natural compounds for possible therapies for obesity, diabetes, infections, cancer, and oxidative stress. Extraction of Ocimum basilicum seed essential oil and evaluation of its antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and cytotoxic...
Citations
... To assess the antibacterial activity of the vegetable oil and aqueous extract of date kernel powder, the aromatogram method was employed on an agar medium using sterile discs (Guetarni et al., 2023). Various dilutions of the essential oils and aqueous extracts were prepared at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25% (Eid et al., 2023). ...
This study investigates the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of date kernel oil and aqueous extracts derived from date powder, while also exploring the transformation of dried dates into flour. Biochemical analysis of the Deglet Nour variety revealed its composition, including 44.23% total sugars (determined by the cuprimetric method), 2.76% proteins (quantified by the Kjeldahl method), 3.12 mg/100g phosphorus, 0.42 mg/100g iron (measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry), and 2.72% dietary fibers. The results demonstrated that date kernel oil exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with inhibition zones of 9 mm and 12 mm. Similarly, the aqueous extract of date kernel powder showed moderate antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, with an inhibition zone of 10 mm. The oil achieved an inhibition percentage of 89% at a concentration of approximately 500 µg/mL, compared to 85% for ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene at the same concentration. The oil’s IC50 value was determined to be 35.22 µg/mL. Furthermore, the successful production of flour from dried dates was demonstrated.
... (Calderón Bravo et al., 2021;Rahaman et al., 2023;Auribie et al., 2024;Mezeyová et al., 2020;Kayali et al., 2022) Antimicrobial Activity Eid et al., 2023;Kayali et al., 2022;Sulistiyawati et al., 2023;Ilić et al., 2021) Anti-inflammatory Activity ...
... The plates contaminated with the test bacterial strains were left to incubate for a period of 18 to 24 h. The concentration at which no microbiological growth was seen in the micro-wells after the addition of a small amount of clindamycin and its nanovesicles was established to be the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) [36]. ...
Overcoming the skin barrier is crucial for the treatment of skin infections affecting the deep skin layers. Delivery of therapeutics to these layers is considered the key to efficient treatment. The objective of this study is to develop and investigate a nanovesicular system to improve the penetration of the antibacterial drug, clindamycin, into the skin. The carrier employed in this investigation is a transethosomal carrier consisting of phospholipid nanovesicles that possess flexible and adaptable characteristics due to the inclusion of surfactants and cosolvents like ethanol and propanediol. System characterization by atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering revealed the presence of enclosed, spherical nanovesicles. Additional pH measurements indicated that the system is appropriate for topical application. The drug release rate in the in vitro tests was shown to be dependent on the viscosity of the system. The results indicated that higher concentrations of the thickening agent, hydroxypropyl cellulose, led to sustained release characteristics. Furthermore, in vitro penetration experiments indicated an enhanced penetration of clindamycin into the skin tissue as compared to traditional formulations. These findings point towards the significance of the transethosomal carrier in facilitating the penetration of drugs into the epidermis leading to better management of bacterial skin infections.
... The oil demonstrated significant cytotoxicity, with IC50 values ranging from 320.4 to 432.3 µg/ml. Also, Eid et al. (Eid et al., 2023) indicated basil essential oil demonstrated potent anticancer activity against MCF-7 (80.35 µg/ml) compared to Doxorubicin. Our research supports the long-standing use of this medicinal herb as a supplementary and alternative medicine. ...
Genetic diversity is crucial for understanding the various characteristics of plants, such as their appearance, function, chemical structure, and genetic composition. This study investigated five different basil cultivars, lemon, sweet, Italian, white, and red French, for genetic diversity by ISSR and SCOT analysis and its effect on essential oils' yield and antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. The genetic diversity of five basil cultivars was determined using ISSR and SCOT-PCR molecular markers. A total of 60 loci were produced by the ISSR-PCR reactions, 26 of which were polymorphic, while 16 were unique. The level of polymorphism varied from 55.65 to 88.89 %. The molecular profile generated by SCOT-PCR revealed 54 loci, 26 of which were polymorphic, while eight were unique. The level of polymorphism ranged from 50 to 72.72%. The most unique bands were found in the BLe cultivar, 11 by the ISSR markers and 7 by the SCOT markers. The molecular results influence the biological activities of basil cultivars. The GC/MS detected twenty-four compounds; Linalool and methyl cinnamate were the main VOC compounds in the basil profile. The lemon basil essential oil (Ble) had the highest phenolic content (368 mg/g) compared to the other cultivars' EOs; therefore, it exhibited the highest scavenging activity, reducing 89 % of DPPH radicals followed by local basil (Bl). The Ble showed considerable antiviral activity against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) as a model for the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Ble's cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) was 1400 µg/ml, demonstrating the best antiviral efficacy. Additionally, Ble and Bl exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic fungi, i.e., Fusarium oxysporium, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Helminthosporium solani, Alternaria alternata, Pythium aphanidermatum, Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizoctonia solani). The anticancer activity of basil EOs was examined against MCF7 cancer cell lines; BLe cultivar reduced 85 % of the viability of MCF7 cancer cells. The examined basil EOs exhibit strong phyto-medical potential based on their chemical structure and antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Based on the molecular and biochemical analysis results, the BLe and Bl cultivars was the best for medicinal use future breeding strategies. RMY, 2024. Biochemical and molecular characterization of five basil cultivars extract for enhancing the antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Pak Vet J. http://dx.
... Phenol has the ability to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase enzymes in bacterial cytosol, initiating the inactivation of the supercoiling process of gyrase and also altering the ATP binding site of bacteria gyrase B and DNA, thereby enhancing cleavage of topoisomerase IV enzyme-mediated DNA, leading to poor bacterial replication [59]. In all, these metabolites cause structural changes and inadequate functional activities of bacteria cytosol via disruption of several cellular functions and cellular fluidity [60]. ...
... OB is a spicy plant commonly used in traditional medicine for treating several conditions such as dysentery, flatulence, colds, and nausea (Eid et al. 2023). Through network pharmacology and molecular docking studies, we hypothesized that the cytotoxic effect of OB on MCF7 is achieved by inhibiting six main targets including SRC, PI3KCA, EGFR, ESR1, AKT1, and MAPK1. ...
... However, they used different parts (aerial part, seed, essential oil) of OB and different solvents. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms were not characterized (Arshad Qamar et al. 2010;Eid et al. 2023). So far, we found a study that determined the mechanism of aqueous leaf extracts of OB from decoction. ...
Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial disease involving many pathways and target molecules. Multi-target therapy through multi-compound herbal medicines is an alternative strategy to treat BC. In the present study, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of Ocimum basilicum (OB) as an anticancer agent using system bioinformatic approach and investigate its cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cells. We performed network pharmacology (NP) and molecular docking studies to provide scientific information regarding the underlying anti-BC mechanism of OB. Based on topology parameters obtained from protein-protein interaction (PPI), we identified six potential targets that play a significant role in the network including SRC, PI3KCA, EGFR, ESR1, AKT1, and MAPK1. Furthermore, consensus docking suggested rutin, quercetin-3-O-diglucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside as the potential compounds of OB. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of OB might be related to the modulation of several pathways such as PI3K-Akt, VEGF, and HIF-1, breast cancer, and estrogen signaling pathways. The in vitro assay revealed that various extracts of OB demonstrated cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 with IC50 = 231 µg/mL (OB ethanolic extract), 408 µg/mL (OB methanolic extract), 479 µg/mL (OB ethyl acetate extract), 1887 µg/mL (OB n-hexanoic extract) and 767 µg/mL (OB butanolic extract) respectively.
... The basil seeds are considered super seeds of the twentyfirst century, as consumption of these seeds can alleviate numerous diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers (Eid et al., 2023). Being potent source of dietary fibre and phytonutrients, which help in promoting good health and reducing the risk of developing diseases, basil seeds can be efficiently utilized as functional ingredients for the enrichment of various food products (Mackowiak et al., 2016). ...
The germinated clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) seeds being a potent source of dietary fibre, minerals and antioxidants are utilized as functional ingredients for the enrichment of gluten-free pasta. The germinated clove basil seed and sweet basil seed incorporated pastas with acceptable sensory scores were developed by substituting 30% and 15% of gluten-free flour respectively. Basil seed pastas exhibited lesser cooking time (7–8 min), cooking loss (6%) and similar texture as that of control. The clove basil seed pasta exhibited better cooking quality, nutritional and antioxidant properties than the sweet basil seed pasta due to higher level of basil seed flour substitution. Consumption of one serving of clove basil seed pasta (75 g) could meet the dietary fibre (49%, 58%), protein (15%, 17%), magnesium (18%, 21%), phosphorus (22%, 22%), manganese (28%, 28%) and copper (28%, 28%) daily requirements of sedentary adult men and women, respectively.
... 97 Boswellia sacra essential oil was tested for three human breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF7 and MDA MB-231) and avoids Ocimum basilicum essential oil found good anticarcinogenic Kashyap R.: Explicit mechanism of essential oils at cellular level Future Integr Med activity against human liver adenocarcinoma cell lines (Hep3B) at 56.23 ± 1.32 µg/mL and human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) at 80.35 ± 1.17 µg/mL. 104 Essential oil of Zingiber ottensii plants showed 50% minimum inhibitory activity against human lung cancer cells (A-549) at 43.37 ± 6.69 µg/mL, human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) at 9.77 ± 1.61 µg/mL, human cervix carcinoma cell line (HeLa) at 23.25 ± 7.73 µg/mL and myelogenous leukemia cell lines (K562) at 60.49 ± 9.41 µg/mL. 105 Nepeta mahanensis essential oil showed significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (breast cancer cell lines), Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines), SH-SY5Y (human Neuroblastoma cell line), and HepG2 (human liver carcinoma cell lines) cancer cell lines. ...
Essential oils, known for their pleasant aromas, not only calm the mind and elevate the mood but also captivate the interest of researchers aiming to unveil their vast potential. Various methodologies are employed to explore the diverse capabilities of essential oils, often yielding promising and significant outcomes. This review aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of essential oils at the cellular level. It identifies multiple mechanisms through which essential oils exhibit their therapeutic effects across various systems. However, a comprehensive understanding of their fundamental mechanisms still necessitates extensive research. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the biological activities of essential oils, specifically their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
... Thus, Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) EO, containing 75.45% estragole, showed in vitro antiproliferative activity against human promyelocytic leukemia cell lines (HL-60 and NB4) and in vivo antitumour activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EACCs) transplanted intraperitoneally in mice [37]. Moreover, another study pointed out that basil EO was cytotoxic against Hep3B (IC 50 56.23 ± 1.32 µg/mL) and MCF-7 (80.35 ± 1.17 µg/mL) cell lines [38]. ...
Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the study of medicinal and aromatic plants, due to their therapeutic properties that correlate with the presence of different active compounds. Agastache species (sp.) are aromatic plants that belong to the Lamiaceae family, originating from North America and East Asia. The present study aimed to evaluate the composition of essential oils (EOs) obtained from different Romanian cultivated Agastache sp. and to investigate their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) screening revealed that menthone was the dominant constituent of A. foeniculum (31.58%), A. rugosa (39.60%) and A. rugosa ‘After Eight’ (39.76%) EOs, while estragole was the major constituent of A. foeniculum “Aromat de Buzău” (63.27%) and A. mexicana (41.66%) EOs. The investigation of the antiproliferative effect showed that A. rugosa and A. foeniculum “Aromat de Buzău” EOs had significant cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-231 and HEPG2 tumour cell lines, with the most promising effect on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line for A. foeniculum “Aromat de Buzău” EO (IC50 = 203.70 ± 0.24 μg/mL). Regarding the antibacterial activity, A. rugosa EO was most active against E. coli (8.91 ± 3.27 μL/mL) and S. aureus (10.80 ± 0.00 μL/mL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the cytotoxic effect of Agastache sp. EOs on MDA-MB-231, HCT116 and HEPG2 tumour cell lines. The results of our study provide new and promising information for the subsequent in vivo study of the pharmacological properties of Agastache sp. essential oils.
... Studies showed that the bio- logical activity of O. basilicum is related to cinnamic acid ( Fig. 5) derivative of the polyphenoid rosmarinic acid ( Fig. 6) [185]. Eid et al. [186] studied O. basilicum seeds essential oil biological activity and showed that it had a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The oil suppressed the development of all tested microbial strains (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 1 and 2.3 µg/ mL) and fungus strain C. albicans (MICs of 1.3 µg/ml for fungus). ...
Background The study of plant-based medications, or phytomedicine, involves a wide spectrum of biological activi-
ties. Due to the existence of secondary metabolites, herbal medicine has been used and practiced throughout history
for the treatment of both acute and chronic conditions. Over the past century or so, numerous novel compounds
with medicinal potential have been derived from plants. In the age of growing super infections and the emergence
of resistant strains, natural medicines are inspiring optimism.
Main body of the abstract The review discusses the role of herbal medicine as antibacterial agents and their use
in wound care and management of wounds and the critical role of secondary metabolites of herbal plants in fight-
ing bacterial infections. Some medicinal plants such as St. John’s wort (SJW) (Hypericum perforatum), Rosemary
(Rosmarinus officinalis), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), and nopal cactus (Opuntia ficusindica (L.)) also possess wide range
of biological activities and can give a synergistic effect if combined with antibiotics. In addition, natural biopolymers
play an important role in the management of wounds as well as the physiological processes of the skin (hemostasis,
inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling).
Method A narrative review of papers relevant to the use of phytomedicine in treating infections was conducted
by using electronic databases PubMed, CrossREF, and Google Scholar.
Short conclusion Phytomedicine is one of the top options for the treatment of chronic illnesses for millions of peo-
ple around the world. To learn about the bioactive components of medicinal plants, their medical benefits, and their
synergistic or additive effects to enhance the action of medications, substantial new studies are still needed.
