Basic mensurational variables of individual sample plots.

Basic mensurational variables of individual sample plots.

Source publication
Article
Full-text available
The reclamation of landscape disturbed by mining is a topical issue in the Czech Republic and elsewhere. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the afforestation by Scots pine mixed with beech and lime trees on anthropogenic soils was advantageous in terms of timber production capacity and stability of forest stands, and whether it improved...

Contexts in source publication

Context 1
... the plots were differentiated into two local variants in terms of micro relief moisture conditions, to damp and dry sites, based on the specific conditions on the anthropogenic soils according to Cejpek et al. (2011) The following basic mensurational variables were quan- tified: number of trees, Reineke's stand density index (SDI), absolute height-yield class of a tree species (AVB), relative height-yield class (RB), tree species composition, mean diameter at breast height, mean height, standing volume and basal area. The measured data of individual trees were: height, diameter at breast height, slenderness coefficient, volume and height classification of trees (Tables 1, 2, 3 and Fig. 1). For statistical analysis, basic stand variables and multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) of tree variables were used. ...
Context 2
... basic mensurational variables indicated different growth in individual mixtures and also differences between mixtures in accordance to moisture conditions. The highest values of mean height (22.1 m), mean diameter (18.7 m) and average standing volume (353 m 3 /ha) were recorded in the mixtures with lime (Table 2). Damp sites had on average higher stand density than dry sites which is probably caused by more suitable conditions for a higher number of trees. ...

Similar publications

Preprint
Full-text available
With regard to the potential impact of afforestation on clouds, this paper discusses some study of land changes as well as the related research on cloud changes. Some analysis between the two are presented. Times Series Analysis is applied to find out the cloud self-influence. MK Test and Pearson Coefficient are adopted to see the correlation betwe...
Article
Full-text available
The issue of afforestation of non-forest land (e.g. agricultural land use) is currently a significant trend in land management. Sustainable development and maintenance of its ecological stability are among the reasons. The paper compares the 30-year development of the beech stand originated from artificial regeneration on former agricultural land i...
Article
Full-text available
In this work, we studied the effects of centenary Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) afforestation on topsoil properties conducted in a deforested area that was previously occupied by a natural European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest. Organic layers and topsoil Ah mineral horizons (0-10 cm) were sampled in the Scots pine and European beech forests...
Article
Full-text available
Ecological restoration by Tamarix plants on semi-arid saline lands affects the accumulation, distribution patterns and related mechanisms of soil water content and salinity. In this study, spatio-temporal variations of soil water content and salinity around natural individual Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. were invetigated in a semi-arid saline region...
Article
Full-text available
Urban forest and tree cover play a fundamentally important role in improving the environmental quality, energy efficiency, aesthetic appeal, biodiversity, and regulating the climatic hazards. The study area encompasses the 8 major urban development authorities of Gujarat which has observed a population increase from 0.59 crore in 1981 to 1.66 crore...

Citations

... The production could be compared with the results from oil shale reclamations afforested in Northeast Estonia where the production of 40-yearold P. sylvestris stands fluctuates from 167 to 291 m 3 ha −1 in stands with high average tree density of 2610 trees ha −1 (Metslaid et al. 2016). High production potential of P. sylvestris is also documented by studies from coal mine spoils in Czech Republic (Dragoun et al. 2015), oil shale mine spoils in Estonia (Pensa et al. 2004) and lignite mine spoils in Germany (Knoche 2005). Therefore, P. sylvestris is often used in afforestation of post-mining sites and reclamations areas due to production parameters and ecological tolerance (Jagodziński et al. 2019;Kuznetsova et al. 2010;Pajak et al. 2016;Pietrzykowski and Socha 2011). ...
... Forest management is highly beneficial on post-mining sites, which are very specific for their soil conditions (Vacek et al. 2018; Woś and Pietrzykowski 2019) Thinning on reclaimed sites may increase radial growth of dominant trees reducing the competition between trees after canopy closure (Metslaid et al. 2016). Moreover, suitable tree species in a mixture can significantly increase production potential of stands in the reclamation areas (Dragoun et al. 2015), increase the resistance to negative abiotic and biotic factors and reduce the uncertainty of production sustainability due to disturbances (Bello et al. 2019;Pretzsch et al. 2020;Vacek et al. 2019c). In addition to tree species, provenance also plays an important role in production potential and adaptation to climate change (Kapeller et al. 2012;Novotný et al. 2017). ...
Article
Full-text available
In the time of ongoing climate change and the increasing area of post-mining landscape, the successful afforestation of reclamation sites by suitable adaptive tree species is gaining in importance. One of possible ways may be the use of introduced tree species, which is, however, a controversial topic in relation to risks for forest management and nature conservation. The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the forest stands (age 48 years) of 9 introduced and 3 native coniferous tree species in lowland post-mining coal site of the Czech Republic. The research was focused on production potential, health status, resistance to climate change, carbon sequestration, biodiversity and soil properties. The highest timber production, biomass and carbon stock (49–95% above average), was observed in case of Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra and Pseudotsuga menziesii. On the other hand, unsuitable habitat, insect and pathogens caused poor health status and extremely low production parameters (by 55–62% than average) in Pinus strobus and P. rotundata. In terms of climate, Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra, Larix decidua, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Picea omorika were the most resistance tree species in relation to climatic extremes. Conversely, Pinus rotundata, P. strobus, P. ponderosa, Picea pungens and P. abies were very sensitive to climate events, especially to the lack of precipitation in vegetation period with synergism of high temperature. In terms of soil parameters, the content of plant available nutrients (K, Ca, Mg) was adequate except P deficiency. The highest soil reaction was detected for Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris (pH 6.9–7.1) compared to Picea mariana (pH 4.8). The benefits of “suitable” introduced tree species (Pinus nigra, Pseudotsuga menziesii) are high timber production potential and good adaptation and mitigation of the changing climate; however, native tree species (Pinus sylvestris, Larix decidua) can provide better environmental benefits on reclamation sites.
... In our study, the number of trees per hectare was 1689-2822 on reclamation sites, and 1355-1911 trees ha − 1 on original forest sites (lower by 26.2%). It is in the range (1950-2150 trees ha − 1 ) of another study of a post-mining coal site from the Czech Republic, where the stand volume at a similar age (40 years) reached 294-378 m 3 ha − 1 (Dragoun et al., 2015). ...
... Franco] can also be an appropriate choice for afforestation in relation to production, good stability and growth adaptation to these specific sites (Pająk et al., 2004;Podrázský et al., 2020). However, it is important to use a suitable tree species for the given habitat and soil conditions (Pietrzykowski, 2014), preferably in a mixture that can increase the productivity of stands in the reclamation areas (Dragoun et al., 2015). ...
Article
As a result of human population growth and human need for resources, the landscape has been increasingly transformed and devastated by mining activities. Subsequent reactivations are thus extremely important in the process of restoring the disturbed biosphere. The objective of this study was to determine differences between original forest sites and reclamation sites afforested with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in terms of stand structure, diversity, biomass, productivity and climatic resistance. Three different types of reclamation were compared in the Czech Republic-(1) a post-mining coal site, (2) a former sand quarry and (3) a reclaimed sand dune that had been used for pasture. At the comparable stand age of 40-46 years, the stand volume and biomass were higher by 22% and 19%, respectively, on original forest sites (370-500 m 3 ha − 1 , 332-422 t ha − 1) compared to reclamation sites (318-371 m 3 ha − 1 , 287-325 t ha − 1). On the contrary, structure and diversity were more complex and richer in reclaimed areas. Climatic factors had a higher effect on radial growth on reclamation sites compared to original forest sites, but no significant differences were observed between the variants in terms of the occurrence of negative pointer years (extreme deflection in growth). A lack of precipitation and long-term droughts in vegetation periods were the main limiting factors of growth. Comparing all reclamation variants, the highest productivity was found on the reclaimed coalmine , and the lowest differences between forest and reclamation sites were documented in the reclaimed sand quarry case. In relation to climate change, Scots pine proved a very adaptive and suitable tree species whose wood production on reclaimed post-mining sites is comparable to the original forest sites. Pine afforestation of reclamation sites brings invaluable environmental and production benefits.
... For comparison, a similar stand volume of P. sylvestris (190 m 3 ·ha -1 ) was found at the age of 30 in Estonia (Pensa et al. 2004). Dragoun et al. (2015) reported a higher volume of 336 m 3 ·ha -1 at the age of 40 in P. sylvestris monocultures. Overall, coniferous stands surveyed compared to deciduous stands (28-97 m 3 ·ha -1 ) reached significantly higher values in a locality with similar elevation (Vacek et al. 2018a). ...
Article
Full-text available
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most important tree species in Eurasia. During the past centuries, it has been extensively introduced into artificial monocultures, but is currently experiencing a number of problems related to climate change and extreme droughts. There is a large-scale disintegration of its stands and, in addition to its replacement by other native trees, it is possible to use a wide range of introduced species of the same genus. The aim of the investigation was to compare production parameters, structure and diversity of pine stands at the age of 35 years in school Arboretum of Faculty of Forestry and Wood Science in Central Bohemia (320 m a.s.l., medium rich habitats, water deficit site). Seven species of pine were compared: ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Hawson), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Balf.), black pine (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas), Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Griseb.) and the only native Scots pine. The results showed that significantly (P < 0.001) highest height, diameter at breast height and mean stem volume were achieved in Pinus ponderosa and P. strobus stands, while these parameters were lowest in P. peuce and P. nigra. In contrast, the lowest stand volume was calculated for P. strobus (112 m3·ha–1) due to the lower stand density, while the highest production was again in P. ponderosa (430 m3·ha–1). In terms of structural variability, the highest diversity was found in P. jeffreyi and P. peuce. The introduced pine species, especially P. ponderosa, could therefore play an important role in terms of production and economic potential and even replace native P. sylvestris on suitable sites.
... As a measure of stand stability we selected height to diameter (H/D) ratio, which is the most commonly applied indicator of stand stability [34,35]. The values of this measure increase with decreasing stability, i.e., low values indicate high stability [36]. Therefore, we subtracted the calculated values of H/D from 1 to obtain the increasing trend of stand stability with increasing values of the criterion. ...
Article
Full-text available
Selecting a variant of forest regeneration cuttings that would ensure fulfilling multiple, frequently conflicting forest functions is a challenging task for forest management planning. The aim of this work is to present an efficient and complex analysis of the impact of different forest management scenarios on stand wind stability, timber production (economy), and biodiversity of a secondary mixed temperate forest in Central Europe. We evaluated four different harvest-regeneration systems: clear-cutting, shelter-wood, selection cutting, and no-cutting using theSIBYLA growth simulator. We simulated forest stand development over time and applied 450 variants of 4 harvest-regeneration systems. The selected outputs from the simulator were used as indicators of the fulfilment of wood-production and non-wood-production functions. The calculated indicators were forest stability (height/diameter ratio), economic efficiency (soil expectation value, SEV), and tree species diversity (Shannon index). These indicators were used as inputs for multi-criteria a posteriori decision analysis using the weighted summation method and Pareto fronts. The results revealed substantial trade-offs among the three investigated criteria. The decision space was highly sensitive to their weighting system and included all regeneration systems. The Pareto fronts for wind stability revealed that the maximum stability could be achieved with shelter-wood based on target diameter. This variant, however, fulfils the other two examined functions only to a limited extent (SEV and diversity only to 9% and 27% of their absolute maxima). Other similar variants achieve high stability by sacrificing the diversity and increasing SEV, simultaneously. If a high diversity level is favoured, optimal stability could be achieved by the selection system. The proposed approach enables objective testing of a large number of variants, and an objective assessment of stand management planning since it provides us with the complex multi-dimensional picture about the impact of criteria weights on the selection of optimal variants, and the relative fulfilment of individual criteria.
Article
Full-text available
The paper analyses stand structure and production on two experimental forest stand series of mature pure and mixed Scots pine stands, growing on natural Scots pine sites in the Czech Republic. Sessile oak was the main admixed species. In mixed stands, Scots pine constituted the dominant level of the stand, admixed species grew mostly as subdominants. Admixture increased stand densities and aboveground biomass production compared to pure stands. Sessile oak with the 20-30% number share within the Scots pine stand led to an increase of the Scots pine tree dimensions and mean stem merchantable wood (DBH ≥ 7 cm) volume compared to the pure Scots pine stand of similar density. The Scots pine and sessile oak slenderness ratios increased in mixed stands compared to monocultures, however, the stand mechanical stability was not threatened.