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Climate change is predicted to affect species in aquatic ecosystems. In Africa, factors that may influence the responses of aquatic species are poorly studied and challenging to predict. In this study, we examined the potential distribution of three aquatic fern species in the genus Azolla in Africa under projected climate change scenarios. MaxEnt...
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Citations
... We then used this prediction to model change in habitat suitability across Africa based on current and future global annual temperatures (bioclimatic variable 1). A study evaluated the potential global distribution of Azolla filiculoides using species distribution models and 8 bioclimatic variables under two future climatic scenarios and two time periods, 2050 and 2080 [51]. This study and our study found that habitat distribution for A. filiculoides is expected to decrease, and that the species might colonize new geographical areas where it is currently not present. ...
... This study and our study found that habitat distribution for A. filiculoides is expected to decrease, and that the species might colonize new geographical areas where it is currently not present. Another recent study also used correlative ecological niche models based on presence-only reports of Azolla spp. to predict areas in Africa suitable for A. pinnata and A. filiculoides identified similar results as ours [51]. They found that under current climate conditions, using 12 Bioclimatic variables and elevation, the potential habitat range was larger than recorded and that temperature was an important climate variable that affected Azolla species' distribution [51]. ...
... Another recent study also used correlative ecological niche models based on presence-only reports of Azolla spp. to predict areas in Africa suitable for A. pinnata and A. filiculoides identified similar results as ours [51]. They found that under current climate conditions, using 12 Bioclimatic variables and elevation, the potential habitat range was larger than recorded and that temperature was an important climate variable that affected Azolla species' distribution [51]. While we share similar maps that predict that Senegal, Ghana, Togo, Benin, are highly suitable areas currently for A. pinnata (S1B Fig), our projected maps using only bioclimatic variable 1 provide further insight that Senegal is projected to experience a decrease in habitat suitability in the future based on relative growth rate. ...
How do we feed the expanding human population without excessive resource depletion or environmental degradation? Recycling and recapturing nutrients could alleviate these challenges, especially if these strategies are robust to climate change. Co-cultivating rice with Azolla spp. in Asia has demonstrated high yields with reduced fertilizer inputs because Azolla fixes atmospheric nitrogen, limits nitrogen volatilization, recaptures and releases other nutrients, and suppresses weeds. While Azolla is distributed in Africa, this approach has not been widely implemented in African rice-farming. Characterizing the suitability of Azolla is critical in evaluating the potential for Azolla-rice in Africa. To do so, we synthesized 189 field and greenhouse studies from around the world that quantified temperature-dependent growth of A. pinnata and A. filiculoides and developed present and future climate suitability maps at the continental scale using mean temperatures under two Representative Concentration Pathways. Currently, most of Africa is suitable for Azolla with slight differences in regional suitability for each species. We project little change in the continent-wide suitability for both species, but anticipate a regional decline, particularly for A. filiculoides in the Sahel. Collaborating with farmers to validate these projections, evaluate the costs and benefits of Azolla-rice, and facilitate adoption of viable strategies can facilitate equitable food systems that also empower African farmers.
... The distribution of many taxa is understudied in tropical areas (Anderson and Martínez-Meyer 2004). However, studies have been conducted in Africa to estimate the suitable geographical distribution of some angiosperms (Adeyemi et al. 2012;Acheampong et al. 2017;Karichu et al. 2022;Padonou et al. 2015), Pteridophytes (Akomolafe and Rahmad 2019), and animal species (Eustace et al. 2021;De Clercq et al. 2015;Jones et al. 2016;Nneji et al. 2020;Xu et al. 2016). In the DRC, Cokola et al. (2020) predicted the habitat suitability of Spodoptera frugiperda, which is a major corn pest species. ...
... As previous studies have indicated making this an eminent and undeniable global environmental change (GEC), with the current rate of increase averaging at 1$5 mmol mol À1 year À1 [7e9]. It is expected that CO 2 concentrations could reach 650 ppm, by the end of the century as global population and economic activity increases [10], leading to warmer global temperatures. Its extent, however, is subject to the factors causing radiative forcing and the complex feedbacks between different elements and the climate system. ...
... There was an observed response on the morphological parameters, especially on the number of leaves that saw a significant decrease, the physiological parameters were affected the plant reaction increased the total chlorophyll to increase the photosynthesis rate for adaptation and resistance to variable conditions, especially after the first 45 days. That means, the elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide is useful for the plant photosynthesis, but more than the optimum rate has become counterproductive [8,10]. The increase in temperature leads to an imbalance between the respiration and photosynthesis rate, is considered a toxic factor, that damage the protein components of the protoplast, the destruction of chlorophyll, yellowing of leaves and thus inhibiting growth, which affected the photosynthesis rate [2,30]. ...
... Most of samples died in this treatment. This indicates that the increase in temperature has a physiological effect on the plant, through the effect on the biological activities within the plant, especially enzymes [6,10] (Rubisco enzyme responsible for CO 2 fixation in Calvin cycle). However, the Rubisco limits photosynthesis when electron transport limitations dominate and there can be a rapid fall-off of the photosynthetic rate at high temperatures. ...
... As previous studies have indicated making this an eminent and undeniable global environmental change (GEC), with the current rate of increase averaging at 1$5 mmol mol À1 year À1 [7e9]. It is expected that CO 2 concentrations could reach 650 ppm, by the end of the century as global population and economic activity increases [10], leading to warmer global temperatures. Its extent, however, is subject to the factors causing radiative forcing and the complex feedbacks between different elements and the climate system. ...
... There was an observed response on the morphological parameters, especially on the number of leaves that saw a significant decrease, the physiological parameters were affected the plant reaction increased the total chlorophyll to increase the photosynthesis rate for adaptation and resistance to variable conditions, especially after the first 45 days. That means, the elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide is useful for the plant photosynthesis, but more than the optimum rate has become counterproductive [8,10]. The increase in temperature leads to an imbalance between the respiration and photosynthesis rate, is considered a toxic factor, that damage the protein components of the protoplast, the destruction of chlorophyll, yellowing of leaves and thus inhibiting growth, which affected the photosynthesis rate [2,30]. ...
... Most of samples died in this treatment. This indicates that the increase in temperature has a physiological effect on the plant, through the effect on the biological activities within the plant, especially enzymes [6,10] (Rubisco enzyme responsible for CO 2 fixation in Calvin cycle). However, the Rubisco limits photosynthesis when electron transport limitations dominate and there can be a rapid fall-off of the photosynthetic rate at high temperatures. ...
