Table 2 - uploaded by Renzo Giulio Bassetti
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Purpose:
To evaluate the awareness of cigarette smoking as a risk factor for chronic periodontitis in patients either undergoing active periodontal treatment (APT) or enrolled in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).
Materials and methods:
Comprehensive tobacco use history was collected with a questionnaire in 50 patients before and after APT (t...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... follow-up, out of 47 patients, a total of 25 (53.2%) were aware of the associa- tion between smoking and periodontal disease, while 36.2% (n = 17) assumed a possible association and 10.6% (n = 5) were unaware of any relationship ( Table 2). ...
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Physicians play a key role in combating tobacco use. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and behaviors toward smoking cessation and vaping cessation interventions among physicians in Poland; to identify factors shaping physicians’ behaviors toward smoking and vaping cessation interventions; and to assess differences in the tobacco...
Citations
... Several modifiable risk factors have been established, such as poor oral hygiene, cigarette smoking, and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (7). Studies have also found that there are many potential risk factors for periodontitis, such as metabolic syndrome, alcohol consumption, osteoporosis, a low intake of calcium and vitamin D, obesity (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), and hyperuricemia (13). Interestingly, sex hormones are associated with many of the diseases or factors mentioned above. ...
Introduction
After adulthood, as a person grows older, the secretion of sex hormones in the body gradually decreases, and the risk of periodontitis increases. But the relationship between sex hormones and periodontitis is still controversial.
Methods
We investigated the association between sex hormones and periodontitis among Americans over 30 years old. 4,877 participants containing 3,222 males and 1,655 postmenopausal females who had had periodontal examination and detailed available sex hormone levels, were included in our analysis from the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys cycles. We applied multivariate linear regression models to estimate the connection between sex hormones and periodontitis after converting sex hormones into categorical variables through tertile. Additionally, to ensure the stability of the analysis results, we carried out a trend test, subgroup analysis, and interaction test.
Results
After fully adjusting the covariates, estradiol levels were not associated with periodontitis in both males and females with a P for trend = 0.064 and 0.064, respectively. For males, we found that sex hormone-binding globulin was positively associated with periodontitis (tertile3 vs tertile1: OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.17-2.28, p = 0.004, P for trend = 0.005). Congruously, free testosterone (tertile3 vs tertile1: OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.43-0.84, p = 0.003), bioavailable testosterone (tertile3 vs tertile1: OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.36-0.71, p < 0.001), and free androgen index (tertile3 vs tertile1: OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.37-0.75, p < 0.001) was found to be negatively associated with periodontitis. Moreover, subgroup analysis of age found a closer relationship between sex hormones and periodontitis in those younger than 50 years.
Conclusion
Our research suggested that males with lower bioavailable testosterone levels affected by sex hormone-binding globulin were at a higher risk of periodontitis. Meanwhile, estradiol levels were not associated with periodontitis in postmenopausal women.
... Furthermore, Tobacco smoking also delays periodontal wound healing (Terrades et al., 2009;Elburki, 2015). Moreover, Smokers tend to respond less favorably to periodontal treatment and more often present with refractory periodontitis (Lung et al., 2005;Gautam et al., 2011;Bassetti et al., 2017), therefore, periodontal treatment should be aimed at making the patient aware of tobacco smoking effects on periodontal tissues (Musani, 2010 It is worth noting that patients who used to smoke have less risk for developing the periodontal disease compared to the current smokers, however, they are at more risk compared to nonsmokers, and that the risk for periodontal disease development declines with the cumulative years since "smoking cessation" (Abu-Ta'a, 2014). Also, it has been well established that there is a close-response relationship between tobacco smoking and the risk of the development of oral cancer (Zhang et al., 2019). ...
... Tobacco smoking and periodontitis are still major public health problems (Bassetti et al., 2017). Within the past thirty years, there has been growing awareness of the impact of tobacco smoking on periodontal tissues (Gautam et al., 2011). ...
Background: Tobacco smoking and periodontitis are still major public health problems. The role of tobacco smoking in the progression and severity of periodontal diseases has been emphasized. The current study aimed to investigate the awareness and knowledge of dental patients regarding the adverse effects of tobacco smoking on “oral and periodontal health” in Benghazi, Libya. Materials and Methods: ‘’A cross-sectional study” was undertaken in several dental practices. The study involved 179 participants which Comprised of 48 smokers and 131 non-smokers. Participants were interviewed and inquired to answer a questionnaire related to awareness and knowledge about the adverse effects of tobacco smoking on oral health. Results: Significantly higher percentages of non-smokers were conscious about the adverse effects of tobacco smoking on oral health (p=0.002), whereas no statistically significant differences were found among male and female participants, although females were more conscious about the adverse effects of tobacco smoking on oral health. Conclusions: The results of the current study reveal that non-smokers have significantly more knowledge about the adverse effects of tobacco smoking on “oral and periodontal health” when compared to smokers. “Smoking cessation” should be an integral part of periodontal treatment and dental professionals can offer “smoking cessation” counseling to their patients and support them to quit tobacco smoking.
Periodontitis is caused by complex interactions among the host immune system and the subgingival microbiota, which causes damage to periodontal ligament attachment, and tooth loss. The impacts of periodontitis are highly significant. In the last few decades, periodontitis has enhanced the economic burden globally because it is associated with various other systemic diseases and the relative treatment is expensive. The prevalence of the periodontal disease varies in different countries of the world, with a higher prevalence reported in Asian countries. Traditional clinical methods for diagnosing and monitoring periodontitis are inadequate for anticipating patient sensitivity, disease activity, and treatment responses. Several disease-specific molecular biomarkers have been identified as a result of periodontitis immunopathogenesis studies and saliva mediator analyses. Assessments of these salivary biomarkers will yield more accurate diagnostic results, supporting the clinical management of patients. The discovery of these salivary biomarkers highlights salivary diagnostics by introducing quick, non-invasive, screening procedures. Finally, the development of sensitive and specific disease biomarkers will yield highly validated results and aid in the clinical management of periodontitis patients Keywords: Periodontitis, Cytokines, Diagnosis, Salivary Markers
Aim:
The aim of this systematic review was to identify the most recent widely accepted guidelines for risk factor control interventions and to assess their impact in patients with periodontitis.
Materials and methods:
The electronic search strategy included a first systematic search to identify guidelines for interventions for smoking cessation, diabetes control, physical exercise (activity), change of diet, carbohydrate (dietary sugar) reduction, and weight loss in the general population and a second systematic search to identify the studies evaluating these interventions in periodontitis patients.
Results:
A total of 13 guidelines and 25 studies were selected. Most guidelines included recommendations for all health care providers to provide interventions and follow-up counselling with the risk factors considered min the present review. In patients with periodontitis, interventions for smoking cessation and diabetes control were shown to improve periodontal health while the impact of dietary interventions and the promotion of other healthy lifestyles was moderate or limited.
Conclusions:
While aiming to improve treatment outcomes and the maintenance of periodontal health, current evidence suggests that interventions for smoking cessation and diabetes control are effective thus emphasizing the need of behavioural support in periodontal care.
Purpose:
To investigate if the inorganic bovine bone matrix changes the bone formation in rats submitted to inhalation of cigarette smoke.
Methods:
Twenty Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Cigarette Clot Group (CCG), which in the inhalation chamber received the smoke of 10 cigarettes, 3 times a day, 10 minutes, for 30 days and had the surgical cavity filled by clot; Cigarette Biomaterial Group (CBG), submitted to the same inhalation technique but with the cavity filled by biomaterial.
Results:
In CCG there was a significant difference of new bone tissue in the analyzed periods (15 and 45 days), and in 15 days, there was 4.8 ± 0.42 of bone formed and 11.73 ± 0.59 (p <0.05) in 45 days. The CBG also showed a significant difference between the periods of 15 to 45 days, being respectively 6.16 ± 0.30 and 11.60 ± 0.61. However, when the groups were compared, within the same analyzed periods, a significant difference was observed only in the period of 15 days, with the new bone percentage being greater in the CBG.
Conclusion:
The bone matrix acted as an osteoinductive biomaterial, biocompatible and aided in the repair process, mainly in the initial period of recovery.
