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Avicenna's drawing of the skeletal system in the Canon of Medicine. The image was obtained on internet, an open source courtesy of the Wellcome Library.
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Avicena, perzijski muslimanski liječnik koji je na Zapadu poznat pod tim imenom, bio je utjecajan filozof-znanstvenik srednjovjekovnoga islamskog svijeta. Napisao je i sastavio tekst Kanon medicine, knjigu koja je na većini perzijskih i zapadnih sveučilišta prihvaćena kao udžbenik medicine. Knjiga sadrži osnovne medicinske znanosti, primijenjene kl...
Citations
... [3] He stated the relation of the tendons of muscles that are involved in elevation, depression, adduction, and abduction of the globe with the optic nerve. [10] Ibn Sina described that the lacrimal canal is connected with the nasal and oral cavity. [10] In the light of this knowledge, he applied a probing procedure to the lacrimal system in related eye diseases. ...
... [10] Ibn Sina described that the lacrimal canal is connected with the nasal and oral cavity. [10] In the light of this knowledge, he applied a probing procedure to the lacrimal system in related eye diseases. [11] Ibn-Sina objected to the claim of Galenos which stated that the optic chiasm is a total crossover and corrected it as a partial crossover. ...
... [11] Ibn-Sina objected to the claim of Galenos which stated that the optic chiasm is a total crossover and corrected it as a partial crossover. [10] Ibn Rushd (1126-1198), an Andalusian Arab known as Averroes in the western world, made a revolutionary contribution to the anatomy of the eye by claiming for the first time that photoreceptors were in the retina, not in the lens. [12] Muslim scholars made corrections and additions to anatomy knowledge based on the work of former Greece scholars such as Galenos, Aristotle, and Hippocrates. ...
From the early period of Islam, Muslim scholars have translated the ancient Greek medical works, and they reached a much more advanced level. Blindness was a major cause of disability in all Islamic geography, so physicians from Islamic territory, particularly Yuhanna ibn Masawayh, Hunain Ibn Ishaq, Rhazes, Ali bin Isa, Ibn-i Sina, and Ibn Al-Haitam, were particularly focused on the anatomy of the eye and diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. In this study, we aimed to report the contributions of the Muslim scholar on the anatomy of the eye and adnexa for the first time in the literature.
... Also, if one part of the chest wall bone fractures, it does not affect the other parts. 6 Figure 1 illustrates the anatomy of the skeleton which is attributed to Avicenna. ...
... Then, he explained the physical examination to diagnose the broken ribs. The examination included inconsistency in 6 Ibn-Sina (1991) Al-Qanun Fit-Tibb. Translated by Abdurrahman Sharafkandi. ...
Introduction: Avicenna stated interesting points on the symptoms of rib bone fractures, their physical examination, and also treatment and management of the complications in his master piece Canon in Tibb. Method: We reviewed Avicenna’s Canon and his viewpoints on the anatomy of the rib bones and their fractures and compared it with conventional medicine. Result: He described the anatomy of the ribs; he explained the effectiveness of their structure in the protection of vital organs. He also suggested some methods for the management of rib fractures, such as using vacuum at the fracture site or open surgery in case of complications. Conclusion: Avicenna’s point of view on the approach toward rib fractures had some similarities and differences with conventional practice. Some of his suggestions could be taken into account.
... Besides, he mentioned the exact position of the tendons in the joints and their strengthening role in The Canon [36]. He was the first scholar to reject Galen's belief that tendon was a blend of nerve and ligament and thus advocated suturing tendons [37]. ...
... He was the first scholar to reject Galen's belief that tendon was a blend of nerve and ligament and thus advocated suturing tendons [37]. Moreover, the techniques of surgery to repair ligaments and tendons are mentioned in The Canon [36]. Avicenna also criticized the thoughts Socrates, Aristotle and Galen had describing the separation of the mind and body. ...
Galen (129-199 A.D.), an ancient Greek scholar, is one of the most influential and recognized physicians and surgeons in the history of medicine. He is one of the most influential Greek scholar in Persian medicine, who has been repeatedly cited by Iranian scholars. The purpose of this article is to describe the exact position of Galen in Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine, the most important work of Persian medicine. In The Canon of Medicine, Galen is cited about 300 times, and Avicenna always admired and praised Galen repeatedly. Galen's ideas were important to Avicenna, but there are also many elements of Galen's views that Avicenna challenged or criticized. For example, Avicenna diverged from Galen's philosophical view in medicine and rejected some of Galen's pharmaceutical opinions and Galen's views on the physiology of pain, the physiology of pulse, the same nature of the tendons and nerves and separation of the mind and body. Although the views of Greek scholars, especially Galen, in The Canon of Medicine have been quoted abundantly, Avicenna revised the knowledge of the ancient scholars through critical thinking and relying on observation and testing, systematized the science of medicine and introduced many ideas and innovations. As such, Europeans considered Avicenna as the most prominent physician of the Islamic Golden Age.
For much of human history, deformities and abnormalities of the cranial vault have eluded our understanding and have been outside our abilities to treat. It has been over two thousand years since the first known recorded instance describing the morphology of the cranium by Herodotus. Throughout the past two millennia numerous individuals have contributed to our understanding of craniosynostosis and its surgical treatment. It was not until the 20th century, however, that significant advancements were made. Technological innovations in the areas of radiology, anesthesia, and fiberoptic lighting and video endoscopy have allowed surgeons to refine surgical treatment options and improve outcomes. Paul Tessier is widely considered the father of modern craniofacial surgery and he helped lead the way in open cranial vault remodeling, which continues to be a common treatment modality for craniosynostosis. Since the 1990s, with the contributions made by David Jimenez and Constance Barone, minimally invasive, endoscopic surgical correction of craniosynostosis has become more prevalent. The benefits of the endoscopic approach have continued to be validated and it stands to become even more commonplace in the 21st century.
