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Average relatedness indexes between UK manufacturing, creative and other service exports, 2011-17. Note: Statistics are elaborated using data from the Annual Business Survey (ABS) and Inquiry in International Trade in Services (ITIS) databases. In light grey are the creative services: C1, Advertising; C2, Public relations; C3, Copyrights; C4, Telecommunications; C5, Software; C6, Publishing; C7, News agency; C8, Information services; C9, Audio-visuals; C10, Heritage and recreational services; and C11, Architectural services. In dark grey are other services sectors: S1, Agri and manufacturing supporting services; S2, Business and professional services; S3, R&D and patenting services; S4, Postal services; S5, Construction services; S6, Financial and insurance services; S7, Trading services; S8, Personal services; S9, Technical and scientific services; and S10, Other services. In mid-grey are the manufacturing services: M1, Food manufacturing; M2, Textiles; M3, Wooden products; M4, Chemicals; M5, Metals; M6, Computers; M7, Electric equipment; M8, Machineries; M9, Transport equipment; and M10, Other manufacturing. Edges represent linkages between manufacturing, creative and other service exports in the top quartile of the relatedness distribution. The location of nodes is determined using an LGL algorithm.
Source publication
Creative services have become an important, but understudied, part of global trade. This paper presents new evidence on the transformation, geography, and industrial relatedness of creative service exports in the UK, using the Inquiry in International Trade in Services (ITIS) database. Creative services exports have grown over the past decade, but...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... to make sure that our results are not driven by the uniqueness of the relatedness measure employed in this study, we replicate our analysis using alternative measures, such as the Teece et al. (1994) index of industrial relatedness and the Neffke et al. (2011) measure of revealed relatedness. 5 We are then able to consider the relatedness between creative, other services and manufacturing exports across the whole economy in Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 5. Essentially each of these shows the two sectors which have the highest export relationship, that is, where exports in an industry tend to happen in the same place as exports in another industry. ...
Context 2
... is also in line with previous research that has highlighted co-location patterns and knowledge spillovers between advertising and these creative sectors in the UK (Chapain et al., 2010). Figure 5 shows the structure of the network of relatedness between UK manufacturing, creative and other service exports, using a large graph layout (LGL) algorithm identifying disconnected clusters in the data, and laying them out radially starting from a seed node, where for clarity the reported edges represent only relatedness linkages in top quartile of the distribution. Our analysis suggests that creative services are mostly linked with other services exports, although we identify a close relatedness between architecture, audio-visual and heritage creative services with other manufacturing industries exports, even though at a lower level than within broad services sector industry pairs. ...
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Citations
... In a similar vein, Lee (2020) found evidence that relatedness mattered for creative industries growth in the recovery period following the 2008/2009 financial crisis. More recently, Casadei et al. (2022) showed high levels of relatedness between some creative services and other creative, non-creative services and manufacturing industries in the UKinterpreted as a sign of the strength of production relationship in terms of knowledge, inputs, or complementarities. ...
Several studies have detected a positive relationship between the spatial dynamics of cultural and creative industries (CCIs) and their social and economic outcomes. In this article, we draw upon the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) as a proxy to capture the social interactive nature that characterises CCIs and the way this affects firm performance. Our assumption is that more complex locations, endowed with different types of more sophisticated production capabilities, allow CCI firms to perform more strongly. This can depend on the higher opportunities of complex knowledge sharing and cross-fertilisation processes among different types of CCI firms or with non-CCI firms. The focus is on Italy, a country with a long-standing historical tradition in culture and creativity. We draw upon an original panel database at firm and province level (for the period 2010–2016) to compute two different ECIs, one for the CCIs and another one for the rest of the economy. Moreover, we analyse the effects these two types of complexity on the performance of firms within sectors with different levels of cultural and commercial value. We find that economic complexity of CCIs but not economic complexity of the rest of the economy matters for CCI firm performance. However, the effect is relatively weak. The same finding applies to all CCI firms, irrespective of their type of sector. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
