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Average prevalence of insomnia symptoms and diagnoses (Maurice M. Ohayon. Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Medicine Reviews 2002;6(2):97–111)
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Sleep onset insomnia, defined as difficulty initiating asleep, is a common disorder with associated impairment or significant distress and is associated with daytime consequences. Although these sleep onset insomnia has generally been attributed to psychological or psychiatric causes, it can also be secondary to a medical, circardian, or sleep diso...
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Background: We previously published the performance evaluation of an automated electroencephalography (EEG)-based single-channel sleep–wake detection algorithm called Z-ALG used by the Zmachine® sleep monitoring system. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a new algorithm called Z-PLUS, which further differentiates sleep as...
We conducted this study to assess the usefulness of polysomnography (PSG) in patients referred to the sleep disorders center (SDC) with chronic insomnia. Sixty-seven patients with chronic insomnia who underwent overnight polysomnography were included in the study. Clinical diagnoses were reported using the second revision of the International Class...
Citations
Sleep comprises one third of human life and is very important for maintaining healthy mental and physical states. Sleep disorders disturbing normal sleep are very common and may induce serious consequences. Sleep disorder medicine is based on the concept of two different states (waking and sleep) of the human brain. The problems of the waking conscious state affect sleep and problems during sleep also affect daytime mental and physical activities. The common symp-toms of patients with sleep disorders are excessive daytime sleepiness, a decrease in alertness, and fatigue. To detect sleep disorders, we should understand the physiology of normal sleep. Normal sleep consists of non-rapid eye movement (75% to 80%) and rapid eye movement (20% to 25%) sleep. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders second edition lists 77 different sleep disorders divided into 8 categories. Clinical approaches to sleep disorder patients should include detailed history taking including sleep history, a sleep questionnaire, sleep diary, physical examination including the nasal/oral cavities and airway, and neurological/psychological examination. The common sleep disorders are obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and circadian rhythm sleep disorder. We should learn the characteristic clinical features of each sleep disorder and how to detect and treat them. We need a more active effort to educate physicians about sleep disorder medicine and should try large sample, long-term, and prospective studiesto reveal the pathophysiology and enhance the treatment of sleep disorders. Sleep disorders are common, serious, and treatable. However, most patients with sleep disorders are underdiagnosed and not treated appropriately due to lack of knowledge of sleep disorder medicine. The Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea should focus more attention on and provide more support for timely diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.
