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The concentration of pollen grains in the atmosphere over the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, was analyzed throughout a year from March 2003-February 2004, focused on the genus Carya, Celtis, Cupressus, Fraxinus and Pinus owing to their interest as etiological pollinosis agents in diverse regions of the world. A 7-day Hirst type...
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abstract: The concentration of pollen grains in the atmosphere over the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, was analyzed throughout a year from March 2003–February 2004, focused on the genus Carya, Celtis, Cupressus, Fraxinus and Pinus owing to their interest as etiological pollinosis agents in diverse regions of the world.
A 7-day...
En años recientes se han incrementado los casos de ataques de insectos descortezadores en diversas áreas del estado de Querétaro. Durante 2012 se tomaron muestras de Cupressus lusitanica y Fraxinus uhdei, en 2013 se tomaron muestras de Pinus greggii con el objeto de colectar insectos descortezadores. También se revisaron los especímenes de la colec...
Through planting, Furthermore, selecting the appropriate species as well as the ability of new
ecosystems for self- regeneration and restoration are also important. Currently, approximately 50 years
have passed since the beginning of semi-arid plantations around huge cities of Iran like Tehran (i.e.
Sorkhe-Hesar Forest Park, located in the easte...
Citations
... In México, Rocha-Estrada et al. (2008) and Calderón-Ezquerro et al. (2016) concluded that Fraxinus, represented by F. uhdei, had the largest amount of pollen with 28% of the total grains and that it was present in the area in sufficient quantities to be the cause of allergic disorders in the human population, mainly during February. ...
Narrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) is a common polygamous tree growing on the banks of rivers in the western Mediterranean region. Pollination occurs during winter, and the tree’s pollen is among the most abundant during that season. This work aims to relate the phenology of pollen shedding, source tree distribution, meteorology and airborne pollen occurrence for the species. Aerobiological sampling was conducted in Badajoz (south-western Spain) using a Hirst volumetric sampler over 24 years (1993–2016). Trees were geo-localized in a circle 500 m in diameter surrounding the pollen sampler. During the last two periods, pollination phenology was studied in 10 specimens, five in the surroundings of the pollen station and five 3 km apart, at a frequency of 3–4 days on average. Moreover, a detailed analysis of pollen occurrence was conducted for these two periods. Daily data for the whole period and hourly data over the last 2 years were used, including pollen monitoring and meteorology. A comparison was made between pollen occurrence and source distribution. The main pollen season lasted on average 53 (28–75) days. Average values were less than 10 grains m⁻³, except for two periods of 23–24 grains m⁻³. Daily data and hourly data correlation with meteorology showed different signs in correlation analysis. Hourly analysis showed that the maximum concentration occurred just after noon. Most pollen was recorded at an average temperature of 9 °C. Analysis of pollen sources and pollen occurrence showed a close relationship between predominant wind directions and tree distribution. Peaks of phenology were not coincident with pollen peaks. No trends in pollination were found. Non-homogeneous distribution of pollen sources for Fraxinus angustifolia provided a suitable tool to demonstrate that wind direction plays a relevant role when aerobiological data are interpreted according to source distribution. A limitation in phenology analysis and aerobiological data was noted in the narrow-leafed ash species.
... 6 In North America, the most commonly involved species are from the Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae families. [7][8][9][10] In Japan, pollinosis caused by Japanese cedar pollen is considered the most common disease. 11 In Europe, the most important genera associated with allergic diseases are Cupressus and Juniperus. ...
Background: Sensitization to Pinales (Cupressaceae and Pinaceae) has increased dramatically in recent years. The prevalence of sensitization in different geographic areas is related to exposure to specific pollens. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of allergy to different conifer pollens, describe the characteristics of patients with such allergy, and identify the involved allergens. Methods: Patients were recruited at five hospitals near Madrid. Extracts from conifer pollen were prepared and used in skin-prick testing. Wheal sizes were recorded, and serum samples obtained from patients with positive reactions to Cupressus arizonica and/or Pinus pinea. The specific immunoglobulin E value to C. arizonica and Cup a 1 was determined. Individual immunoblots for each patient and with a pool of sera were performed. Allergenic proteins were sequenced by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Of 499 individuals included in the study, 17 (14%) had positive skin-prick test results to some conifer pollen extracts. Sixty-four patients had positive results to C. arizonica (prevalence 12.8%) and 11 had positive results to P. pinea (2.2%). All the patients had respiratory symptoms (61.4% during the C. arizonica pollination period), and 62.9% had asthma. Approximately 86% of the patients had positive specific immunoglobulin E results to C. arizonica and 92.3% had positive results to Cup a 1. Fourteen different bands were recognized by immunoblot; the most frequent bands were those detected at 43, 18, 16, and 14 kDa. All sequenced proteins corresponded to Cup a 1. Conclusion: Allergy to conifer pollen could be considered a relevant cause of respiratory allergy in central Spain. Asthma was more frequent than in other studies. We only identified Cup a 1 as involved in sensitization.
... 6 In North America, the most commonly involved species are from the Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae families. [7][8][9][10] In Japan, pollinosis caused by Japanese cedar pollen is considered the most common disease. 11 In Europe, the most important genera associated with allergic diseases are Cupressus and Juniperus. ...
Background
Sensitization to Pinales (Cupressaceae and Pinaceae) has increased dramatically in recent years. The prevalence of sensitization in different geographic areas is related to exposure to specific pollens.
Objectives
To investigate the prevalence of allergy to different conifer pollens, describe the characteristics of patients with such allergy, and identify the involved allergens.
Methods
Patients were recruited at five hospitals near Madrid. Extracts from conifer pollen were prepared and used in skin-prick testing. Wheal sizes were recorded, and serum samples obtained from patients with positive reactions to Cupressus arizonica and/or Pinus pinea. The specific immunoglobulin E value to C. arizonica and Cup a 1 was determined. Individual immunoblots for each patient and with a pool of sera were performed. Allergenic proteins were sequenced by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Results
Of 499 individuals included in the study, 17 (14%) had positive skin-prick test results to some conifer pollen extracts. Sixty-four patients had positive results to C. arizonica (prevalence 12.8%) and 11 had positive results to P. pinea (2.2%). All the patients had respiratory symptoms (61.4% during the C. arizonica pollination period), and 62.9% had asthma. Approximately 86% of the patients had positive specific immunoglobulin E results to C. arizonica and 92.3% had positive results to Cup a 1. Fourteen different bands were recognized by immunoblot; the most frequent bands were those detected at 43, 18, 16, and 14 kDa. All sequenced proteins corresponded to Cup a 1.
Conclusion
Allergy to conifer pollen could be considered a relevant cause of respiratory allergy in central Spain. Asthma was more frequent than in other studies. We only identified Cup a 1 as involved in sensitization.
... muestreo.html), the relationship to meteorological parameters has not been examined in depth on Mexico City (Ramírez-Arriaga et al. 1995;Argáez Márquez 1996;Tarragó 1996;Rocha-Estrada et al. 2008;Gonzalez-Diaz et al. 2010). Ramírez-Arriaga et al. (1995) conducted a study in southwest Mexico City identifying a total of 80 pollen types, of which Acacia, AInus, Casuarina, Salix, Eucalyptus, Fraxinus, and Tithonia were the dominant taxa. ...
Pollen is an important cause of allergic respiratory ailments in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). However, very little is known if ambient air temperature correlates with the early blooming of plants observed in other urban areas around the world. A research study was conducted during the dry season of 2012-2013 at three representative sites of the MCMA with different urban characteristics with the aim to understand the relationships between the profusion and diversity of pollen against temperature and other meteorological variables and degree of urbanization. Pollen samples were collected using a Hirst-type trap sampler in the sites: Merced (highly urbanized), Iztapalapa (medium-high urbanized) and Coyoacan (moderately urbanized). Urbanization levels were determined using a composite index based on population density, proportion of surface covered by construction and asphalt, and urban heat island intensity. A set of representative pollen sampling tapes were assayed under a light microscope at magnification of ×1,000 and converted to grains per cubic meter. The most representative pollen types found in the three sites were, regardless of urbanization levels were: Fraxinus, Cupressaceae/Taxodiaceae, Casuarina, Alnus, Myrtaceae, and Pinus. Total pollen concentration was greatest in the moderately urbanized area, although earlier blooming took place at the highly urbanized zone. Total pollen concentration in the medium-high urbanized site has the lowest because the green areas in this zone of MCMA are few. In a diurnal basis, the most abundant pollen types peaked near midday or in the afternoon evening at the three sites. A Spearman test showed a positive correlation among bihourly pollen concentrations, temperature and relative humidity in all sites, but wind speed just correlated in Iztapalapa and Coyoacan. The results obtained suggest that Urban Heat Island Intensity can disturb flowering periods and pollen concentrations, largely in the highly urbanized areas. A principal components analysis established that the concentrations of each pollen type differed across the urbanization gradients. Additionally, it was found that a large number of allergenic pollens are produced by ornamental trees, some only recently introduced by urban planners.
... These are always wind-pollinated and hence have a high potential to cause pollen allergy in susceptible individuals. Pollen of several gymnosperm family members like Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae), different species of Pinus (Pinaceae), Taxus (Taxaceae), Cupressus arizonica (Cupressaceae), etc., were found to be allergenic from different parts of the world (Madoka et al. 1999;Maeda et al. 2008;Marcos et al. 2001;Rocha-Estrada et al. 2008;Sahali et al. 2009). ...
Cycas circinalis L. or queen sago is a common ornamental gymnosperm in tropics and subtropics. The objectives of the study were (a) to observe
the seasonal variation of queen sago pollen in the atmosphere of a rural and an industrial area of West Bengal, India, (b)
to visualize its allergenic potential on local population, and (c) to identify and isolate the important IgE-binding protein
component present in the pollen extract. A two-year aerobiological survey was performed with Burkard personal volumetric sampler,
and Cycas pollen was found to be present in air during April–July. Among 172 respiratory allergic patients of study area, 25.58% showed
skin reaction to Cycas pollen extract. The allergenicity of the pollen extract was confirmed by in vivo (skin reaction test) and in vitro (IgE-ELISA
and dot blotting) analyses and immunoblotting. Two components of 39.6 and 20.7 kDa were found to be the important IgE-binding
proteins in pollen extract. The 20.7 kDa component was purified by two-step gel electrophoresis and it was found to retain
its IgE reactivity. This component can be used for further work in diagnostic and therapeutic purpose in susceptible individuals.
The overall study demonstrated that the pollen grains of Cycas circinalis is one of the important aeroallergen source of West Bengal, India,
... This result showed similarity with the other studies prepared in the Mediterranean region, such as: Burdur (27.82%), Mexico (13%), Samobor (12.4%) and Zagreb (8.6%), Sakarya (10.31%), and Edirne (8.75%) [7,8,[13][14][15] . Cupressaceae/Taxaceae pollen grains were seen nearly the whole year. ...
... The analysis of pollen grain concentrations was conducted in these cities based on data from the years 2006-2008. According to previous studies it has been recognized that the species of these genera are etiological agents of pollinosis in diverse places all over the world (Hemmer et al., 2000; Laurent et al., 1998; Peeters, 2000; Rocha-Estrada et al., 2008). The urban landscape and its surroundings consist of ruderal vegetation, forests, semi-natural community of grasses and antropomorphic habitats. ...
... Hofman and Michalik (1998) reported 50 PG/m 3 for ash in Poland. Anemophily of the Fraxinus genus has been observed in France, Hungary, Argentine , Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Mexico and Austria ( Jarai-Komlodi, 1991; Laurent et al., 1998; Hemmer et al., 2000; Peeters, 2000; Nitiu andMallo, 2002; Gattuso et al., 2003; Rocha-Estrada et al., 2008 ). Grendelmeier et al. (1994) have suggested that in France and Switzerland the ash tree is a strongly allergenic species. ...
The aim of the study was to compare the airborne concentrations of pollen produced by vernal flowering trees taxa (Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Corylus, Fraxinus, Platanus, Populus, Quercus, Taxaceae/Cupressaceae) in the cities of Timisoara (Romania), Szeged (Hungary), Novi Sad (Serbia) and Ljubljana (Slovenia) during the years 2006–2008. Annual variations in the concentration of pollen in the atmosphere were analysed by the volumetric method. In these cities, the period with the greatest diversity of pollen types is spring. These trees are found in mixed forests and are used in urban landscaping and home gardens. Inter-annual differences can be seen in the seasonal behaviour of the pollen in Novi Sad, 2008 being the year in which the highest levels of airborne pollen were reached. During the 3-year period, pollen of the representatives of the family Betulaceae accounted for a significant proportion of total pollen, predominated by Betula pollen and a considerably lower proportion of Alnus, Carpinus and Corylus airpollen. Taxaceae/Cupressaceae pollen appears in the atmospheric pollen spectra of all localities in high concentrations. These pollen grains are the main source of allergens in springtime. Results of the study reveal important differences between the cities.
There is comparatively little information in the public domain on the diversity in prevalence and triggers/factors associated with allergic rhinitis (AR) or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR/C) in countries beyond western-Europe and North America.
To review the prevalence and the sensitizing agents/triggers and factors associated with AR/C in several countries in Africa, the Asia-Pacific region, Australia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Middle East and Turkey.
Articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals were assessed and selected for further review, following an extensive literature search using the Medline database.
This review demonstrated that prevalence of AR and AR/C in these regions has predominantly been investigated in children; with studies indicating wide inter- and intra-regional variations ranging from 2.9% AR and 3.8% AR/C in 10-18-years-old children from one region in Turkey to 54.1% AR and 39.2% AR/C in 13-14-years-old children in one region in Nigeria. Moreover, the prevalence of AR and AR/C has increased markedly over the last decade particularly in some of the more affluent African countries, China-Taiwan and several Middle East countries, likely as a consequence of improved living standards leading to increased exposure to multiple traditional and non-traditional sensitizing agents and risk factors similar to those noted in western-Europe and North America.
Our findings suggest that the greater diversity in prevalence of AR or AR/C in populations in these regions is in contrast to the lower diversity of AR or AR/C in the 'western populations (USA and Europe), which tend to be more uniform. This review provides a comprehensive database of the important allergens and triggers which are likely to influence the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in these diverse regions, where the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is increasing and its adverse impact on the quality of life of affected individuals is increasingly recognised.
A previous survey on allergens used by Mexican allergists in their skin prick test (SPT) panel showed wide variation. Humidity varies in different zones of Mexico. This might lead to differences in natural exposure and allergic sensitisation throughout the country. We aim to describe the SPT sensitivity patterns in the different climatic zones in Mexico and to show the usefulness of a structured SPT chart-review including multiple clinics in obtaining these allergen sensitisation patterns.
A retrospective, structured chart-review of SPT results was undertaken in allergy clinics throughout Mexico. Ratios of SPT positivity were calculated for individual allergens, per climatic zone and nation-wide. Per allergen group the most important allergens were identified. Statistically significant differences between zones and the nation-wide data were tested with Pearson's Chi-squares test.
4169 skin test charts were recollected. The most important allergens causing sensitisation were very similar in different zones, despite climate variation. The allergen with highest ratio of SPT positivity was Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (51%), with trees (Ash-27%, Alder-22%, Oak19%), and Bermuda grass (26%) as second and third. In the hot zones (humid and dry) Aspergillus was statistically significant more frequently than in more temperate zones. Cockroaches thrive in big cities and humid zones and Mesquite and Poplar in dry zones. Weeds are less important.
Mexico has its own SPT sensitisation pattern, which is different from America and Europe. A structured chart-review of SPT results is able to show this and might be a tool for allergists in other countries.
