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This paper looks at the contribution of political leaders to enhance citizens’ education and
investigate how the educational attainment of the population is affected while a leader with
higher education remains in office. For this purpose, we consider educational transitions of
political leaders in office and find that the educational attainment...
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... 1 to 3 depict the evolution over time of different leaders ’ characteristics (age, tenure and education) for Latin America, Asia, Africa and OECD countries. In each graph of these figures the horizontal line indicates the overall mean of the characteristic for all the period (1970-2004). In Figure 1, we observe that the average age of African leaders upon entering in office is about 46 years , while in Asia it is about 49 years. Latin American leaders are, on average, 52 years old, almost the same as in OECD countries which it is about 53. In the case of Latin America and Asian countries, it can be seen a growing trend in the age of the leaders at taking office. In this sense, more experienced leaders are being elected to rule as the case of OECD countries who present the oldest leader’s age for holding office. In terms of the number of years in office, Figure 2 shows that African and Asian leaders spend, on average, more time in office that the heads of government in Latin American and OECD countries. More specifically, on average the term of office for African leaders is 9.79 years, for an Asian leaders is 9.53 years, while for Latin American and OECD leaders are 5.64 and 4.91 years, respectively. Furthermore, we can ...
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Authoritarianism is regarded as being unaccountable for people's needs, but few studies have documented how authoritarian countries balance their policy goals. China is known to use a promotion system to incentivize local leaders to develop the economy, while neglecting social spending. This paper documents that more leaders having a liberal arts background have been promoted as top provincial leaders. After carefully ruling out other channels, we provide evidence that the shift of top provincial leaders’ college educational backgrounds from science/technology to liberal arts/social science has increased fiscal expenditure shares on science, education, culture and public health and cut economic construction expenditures accordingly. The finding is mainly driven by the post‐1994 period, when local leaders had stronger incentives for economic growth. This indicates that Chinese top authorities are promoting more pro‐social local leaders when providing pro‐growth incentives in general.
