Fig 7 - uploaded by Maja Brložnik
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Wireless electrocardiographic (ECG) sensor attached to the skin and connected to a smart device via low power Bluetooth technology has been used to record more than 500 hours of ECG data in a German shepherd dog with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Wireless ECG monitoring has been used for a period of 6 months. With the wireless body electrodes, the...
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Context 1
... documented with standard ECG were observed with wireless sensor. The extended ECG monitoring time of the wireless device increased the diagnostic yield of arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation (Figs. 4 -9), fusion beats, VPCs (Figs. 5 -8), and ventricular tachycardia ( Fig. 9) were observed. VPCs were solitary (Fig. 5), couplets (Fig. 8), bigemini (Fig. 7), and multiform (Fig. 6). Atrial QRS complexes were usually notched, which represents an indication of an asynchronous depolarization of ventricles. The notches are clearly visible in Fig. 4. It was estimated that approximately 10% of the recordings were composed of artifacts (motion artifacts or loss of signal). During strenuous ...
Citations
... The study proved that wireless ECG monitoring can give satisfactory ECG recordings, regardless of the sensor position, or physical activity, and size of the dog. Next, a case report of a long-term ECG monitoring on a dog with dilated cardiomyopathy was presented in [30]. The ECG sensor was used to record more than 500 h of ECG data over a period of six months. ...
The recent trend in electrocardiogram (ECG) device development is towards wireless body sensors applied for patient monitoring. The ultimate goal is to develop a multi-functional body sensor that will provide synchronized vital bio-signs of the monitored user. In this paper, we present an ECG sensor for long-term monitoring, which measures the surface potential difference between proximal electrodes near the heart, called differential ECG lead or differential lead, in short. The sensor has been certified as a class IIa medical device and is available on the market under the trademark Savvy ECG. An improvement from the user’s perspective—immediate access to the measured data—is also implemented into the design. With appropriate placement of the device on the chest, a very clear distinction of all electrocardiographic waves can be achieved, allowing for ECG recording of high quality, sufficient for medical analysis. Experimental results that elucidate the measurements from a differential lead regarding sensors’ position, the impact of artifacts, and potential diagnostic value, are shown. We demonstrate the sensors’ potential by presenting results from its various areas of application: medicine, sports, veterinary, and some new fields of investigation, like hearth rate variability biofeedback assessment and biometric authentication.
... They include wireless communication technology, are simple to use and are reported to have high reliability in human medicine (Barret et al. 2014, Higgins 2013, Lobodzinski 2013, Rosenberg et al. 2013, Schreiber et al. 2014, Schrivastav et al. 2014, Turakhia et al. 2013, Fung et al. 2015. In veterinary medicine, handheld wireless monitors are already used for a few-minute-long screening of patients for reliable assessment of heart rate and differentiation of various arrhythmias (Gwinn et al. 2013, Kraus et al. 2013, Mueller & Orvalho 2013, Kraus et al. 2016, Vezzosi et al. 2016, but there are no reports on wearable wireless sensors other than pilot information about the ECG monitor investigated in this study (Brložnik & Avbelj 2015, 2017, Krvavica et al. 2016. ...
... Instantaneous and average heart rates and standard duration measurements determined with the two devices were in agreement in all cases. This had previously been reported for this device (Brložnik & Avbelj 2015, 2017, Krvavica et al. 2016 and is in accordance with reports for other wearable wireless ECG monitors used in human medicine, such as ZioPatch® (Barret et al. 2014, Higgins 2013, Lobodzinski 2013, Rosenberg et al. 2013, Schreiber et al. 2014, Fung et al. 2015, SEEQ™ (formerly Nuvant™) (Walsh et al. 2014, Fung et al. 2015, ZigBee® (Kheertana & Manjunath 2015, Aguirre et al. 2016, PiiX® (Schrivastav et al. 2014) and others (Miao et al. 2015, Uddin et al. 2016. Two of the wearable wireless ECG monitors (ZioPatch® and SEEQ™) are FDA approved (Fung et al. 2015). ...
... Animals tolerated it very well; it did not disturb them and their motion was not hindered. In veterinary medicine there are no reports on wearable sensors except for our pilot descriptions of this device (Brložnik & Avbelj 2015, 2017, Krvavica et al. 2016, although the diagnostic utility of handheld wireless ECG monitors has already been evaluated in ...
Objectives
To evaluate the diagnostic utility of electrocardiogram data obtained by a wireless sensor from 36 dogs and four cats with suspected arrhythmias caused by cardiac or systemic diseases.
Materials and Methods
Wireless electrocardiographic recordings were obtained via two precordial electrodes attached to an electrocardiogram sensor connected to a smart device via low‐power Bluetooth technology. Cardiac rate, rhythm and duration of P‐QRS‐T waves were evaluated with VisECG® software. Fifteen‐ to 30‐minute wireless recordings were compared to standard electrocardiograms. Furthermore, the wireless sensor was used in 10 dogs and four cats for 24‐hour continuous electrocardiogram monitoring at home.
Results
When compared to standard electrocardiogram, equivalent results were obtained for heart rate and duration of different waves. Due to the longer recording time, more arrhythmias were diagnosed with the wireless device in 50% (15 of 30) of animals with arrhythmias. Satisfactory recordings were obtained when the dogs were resting, standing or walking but interpretation of the wireless electrocardiogram signal was not possible during strenuous physical activity.
Clinical Significance
Wireless electrocardiographic monitoring is a reliable and accurate method for identification of heart rate, arrhythmia and duration of electrocardiogram waves. A higher diagnostic yield of arrhythmias was documented with the wireless sensor due to prolonged monitoring. The device offers a good option for the long‐term monitoring of canine and feline cardiac rhythm.
... Therefore, early detection and long-term tracking might be necessary. This paper presents a smart pet clothing technology that monitors the health and mood of pets [3] by measuring electrocardiogram (ECG) [4]- [5] and breath signals. This mechanism can diagnose possible cardiovascular diseases in pets through ECG signal analysis. ...
We propose a protocol for reliable wireless delivery of a continuous stream of sensor readings to a collection point. Our scheme poses minimalistic demands regarding the sophistication of the RF (Radio Frequency) channel, as well as the amount of memory (buffer space) at the sending device, which can thus be built around a tiny-footprint microcontroller, while practically guaranteeing no losses for as long as the error rate of the channel renders the task formally feasible. The problem arose in the context of a collaborative research project aimed at identification of patterns in IMU (Inertial Mobility Unit) readings collected from working dogs with the intention of applying those patterns to the continuous assessment of the animal’s well being. We describe an efficient implementation of our protocol and analyze its performance.
