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Arenga distincta. A. a portion of the top of the plant bearing leaf and staminate inflorescence; B. a portion of peduncle showing conspicuous villose hairs covereing the bracts; C. a portion of inflorescence showing triads; D. seedling. A after Mogea 5810, B-C after Mogea 5854, D after Mogea s.n.
Source publication
MOGEA, JOHANIS P. 2004. Four new species of Arenga (Palmae) from Indonesia. Reinwardtia 12 (2): 181 – 189. ― Arenga distincta from Borneo and A. longipes, A. plicata, and A. talamauensis from Sumatra are described and illustrated for the first time. The descriptions are followed by information regarding the habitat and geographical distribution, an...
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Citations
... The sugar palm bunches (SPB) have not been fully exploited throughout the sugar palm fruit harvesting procedure. Several indigenous communities employ sugar palm bunches as a source of firewood for the purpose of boiling sap into palm sugar [12,13]. ...
The utilisation of sugar palm bunches-charcoal briquettes (SPB-CB) represents a significant advancement in biomass energy. This study aimed to analyse the properties of charcoal briquettes produced from SPB (Arenga longipes). The experiment involved categorising the dimensions of charcoal powder into three specific particle sizes: 20–40 mesh, 40–60 mesh, and particles that could pass through a 60-mesh screen. The charcoal powder will be combined with tapioca as a binding agent at three specific concentrations: 11%, 13%, and 15%. The research findings indicate that the samples underwent 60 mesh passes achieved the maximum briquette density, with an average value of 0.58 g/cm3. The highest attainable compressive strength sample value was 27.52 kgf/cm2, which was attained by employing 60 mesh size and 15% adhesive concentration. The calorimetric investigation showed that SPB-charcoal had the highest calorific value of 25.88 MJ/kg, while the SPB-CB had a little lower caloric value of 24.64 MJ/kg. The ash content and volatile matter values showed that the briquettes with the lowest ash content had values of 10.49% and 32.65%, respectively. Furthermore, the carbon fixation values varied between 16.65% and 52.36%. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that charcoal derived from SPB exhibits superior thermal characteristics compared to charcoal briquettes. However, thermal properties of SPB charcoal do not show significant differences when compared to charcoal briquettes that have been processed with a mesh size of 20–40 and include 11% adhesive. According to this research, it may be inferred that charcoal briquettes made from sugar palm bunches meet the requirements specified in SNI 01-6235-2000.
... Aren merupakan jenis tanaman perkebunan dari keluarga palma yang memiliki nilai ekologi dan ekonomi yang tinggi. Mogea (2004) mengidentifikasi empat spesies baru dari genus aren (Arenga sp.) di Indonesia yang diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologi tanaman, yaitu: Arenga distincta Mogea, sp. nov., Arenga longipes Mogea, sp. ...
Pemberdayaan masyarakat sangat penting dalam mengembangkan usaha demi peningkatan pendapatannya. Usaha berbasis aren merupakan usaha utama masyarakat di Desa Rumah Sumbul, Kecamatan Sibolangit, Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Dalam memberdayakan masyarakat menekuni dan mengembangkan usahanya perlu dimotivasi dengan melakukan training motivasi. Tujuan kegiatan PPM yang dilakukan adalah memotivasi masyarakat khususnya dalam meningkatkan aktivitas usaha pengolahan air nira aren, dan peningkatan pengetahuan serta keterampilan usaha secara mandiri dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang ada di desa. Metode kegiatan ini adalah edukasi dan motivasi dalam bentuk penyampaian materi dan training dalam mendampingi masyarakat untuk mengembangkan usaha berbasis aren. Hasil kegiatan berdasarkan kuisioner peserta termotivasi dan akan turut serta dalam pengembangan usaha aren sesuai kapasitas yang dimiliki, khususnya dalam mengolah air nira menjadi gula aren yang memiliki nilai jual lebih mahal yaitu menjadi usaha pengolahan gula semut aren. Selain itu masyarakat juga dimotivasi untuk membuat diversifikasi produk lain dari gula aren. Diharapkan melalui pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan ekonomi kreatif masyarakat.
... Tapping sugar palms to extract sugar juice is a very old tradition. As a source of sugar, it was probably cultivated long before sugarcane [3]. ...
... A wide range of soil conditions are conducive to the growth and survival of sugar palm trees, and this contributes to the enhancement of forest floor ecosystems. It is a well-known fact that sugar palm trees are indigenous to the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia and Indonesia [3]. Specifically in Malaysia, one can occasionally find the palm species growing wild in certain forest areas or being planted in populated, semi-cultivated rural lands such as in Bruas-Parit (Perak), Raub (Pahang), Jasin (Melaka), and Jempol and Kuala Pilah (Negeri Sembilan) [2]. ...
In recent years, sugar palm has enjoyed a resurgence of popularity among researchers from government and private institutions because of its outstanding research potential, particularly its applications in the engineering industry and its high economic value for possible production for large plantations. This article discusses the history of the introduction of sugar palm in Malaysia, its significant economic importance, its cultivation and limitation, and its impact on the socioeconomic development of the Malaysian community, especially in the rural parts of the country. This article also provides scientific information about the palm species and the possible reasons why the sugar palm is not popular among the new generations of Malaysian society.
... In addition, the selection of sugar palm tree as a primary commodity is due to its versatility, with various parts serving different purposes. The Indonesian sugar palm, scientifically known as Arenga longipes Mogea, serves as an essential food crop commodity that produces sap and is widely cultivated by local communities, particularly in northern Sumatra [1,2]. The plant has also been reported to provide an array of benefits derived from various parts, including the roots, stems, leaves, frond, and sap [3][4][5]. ...
Sugar palm bunch/SPB (Arenga longipes Mogea) waste is a lignocellulosic material derived from the harvest of sugar palm fruit (kolang-kaling). Therefore, this study aims to examine the anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of SPB. The anatomical characterization results showed that SPB had two forms of fibrovascular bundles (FVBs), namely large and small. Based on morphology, SPB fibers had a length, diameter, average lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness of approximately 1346.42 ± 415.71 μm, 20.05 ± 3.81 μm, 11.82 ± 2.95 μm, and 4.12 ± 1.08 μm, respectively. FVB tissue of the sample had a fairly high density of 4–6 FVB per 4 mm² with a non-vascular area/total area ratio of 57.25%. The results showed that the sample contained 45.31 ± 3.20% cellulose, 23.21 ± 3.73% hemicellulose, 27.23 ± 4.23% lignin, and 1.39 ± 0.32% ash content. In addition, the extractive content that dissolved in hot water, cold water, ethanol-benzene, and 1% NaOH was 4.79 ± 0.84%, 7.12 ± 0.68%, 7.27 ± 2.38%, and 29.81 ± 3.78%, respectively. The GC–MS analysis results showed that A. longipes bunch contained several compounds, including carboxylic acid (tetradecanoic, octadecanoic), methoxy group (3-hydoxyphthalide), and palmitic acid. Meanwhile, the FTIR analysis showed the presence of OH groups with high intensity, which were identified as aromatic groups, as well as phenol groups recognized as lignin. Based on these results, characteristics of SPB were more suitable as raw materials for biomass energy, absorbent activated carbon, composite board, and surfactant.
... According to the Mogea report, the sugar palm is an indigenous tree, with high species diversity, including A. distincta, A. longipes, A. plicata, and A. talamuensis (Mogea 2004). The A. longipes species is cultivated by the community in the Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province, as one of their daily livelihoods (Fadhilla et al. 2023). ...
This study aimed to characterize the physical, anatomical, fiber morphology, as well as mechanical properties of fibrovascular bundle (FVB) from Arenga longipes fronds, based on radial and longitudinal direction. In this research, the fronds were divided into three parts in longitudinal direction (bottom, middle, and upper) sections, three parts in radial direction (outer-convex and concave, as well as middle and inner) zones. The FVB’s anatomical and fiber morphology were observed by light microscope, as well as mechanical properties were tested using the universal testing machine (UTM). The results showed that the longitudinal direction variability had different properties physically particularly in relation to the FVB diameter and density, anatomically in terms of the ratio of vascular tissue area (VTA) to total transverse area (TTA), as well as in the fiber morphology and mechanical properties. Radially, the outer position had a higher value variability of diameter, density, and mechanical properties, compared to the middle and inner zones, respectively. Furthermore, there were relationships between the density and mechanical properties as well as the ratio of VTA to TTA and mechanical properties. Based on the results, the FVB of A. longipes fronds was concluded to possess properties variability in the radial and longitudinal direction.
... Sugar palm which belongs to monocot plant group is an economically important palm species cultivated primarily in the Southeast Asia regions for its sugary sap and industrially strong black fibers (Mogea 2003). The implementation of synthetic seeds in sugar palm was to overcome the complex handling and recalcitrancy of natural seeds for germination (Asikin and Puspitaningtyas 2000). ...
This paper describes a protocol for producing synthetic seeds of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Wurmb Merr.) using encapsulated somatic embryos (SEs) and secondary somatic embryos (SSEs) at different developmental stages. The study investigates in vitro germination response of the synthetic seeds influenced by different concentrations of encapsulation matrix and its viability at storage temperature of 4 °C and 25 °C. Encapsulation of SEs and SSEs in 3.0% sodium alginate, complexed in 100 mM calcium chloride sterile solution (CaCl2·2H2O) and inoculated on basal MS media under dark condition at 25 ± 2 °C, promoted an optimum 30 and 80% germination rate after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. Germinated synthetic seeds transferred to MS + 1.0 mg/L BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) + 1.0 g/L NAA (1-Naphtaleneacetic acid) promoted an optimum average number of shoot regeneration at 7.75 ± 1.32 after 12 weeks. Synthetic seeds being cold-stored at 4 °C displayed consistent declination rate of germination at 0–120 days of storage, while the synthetic seeds stored at normal culture condition of 25 °C promoted optimum germination (80%) during 0–45 days of storage. Optimum number of shoot regeneration at 11.00 ± 0.91 and 12.25 ± 1.32 with the average number of roots at 3.00 ± 0.41 was recorded from the non-refrigerated synthetic seeds cultured on MS + 1.0 mg/L BAP + 1.0 mg/L NAA after 8 weeks. Shoots of normal morphology were observed after 12 weeks of transfer on basal MS media.
... Arenga pinnata, the subject of this article, has been described first by Rumphius in his book Herbarium Amboinense 1 (page 57 and Figure 13) published in 1741. Rumphius called the species 'Palma indica vineria secunda' , meaning the second wine-producing palm of the Indies, the first being probably the coconut palm (Mogea 2004). Widely distributed, from India to eastern Indonesia, A. pinnata is usually found throughout the secondary forests, at the edges of primary rainforest, and close to human settlements (Mogea et al. 1991). ...
Arenga pinnata (sugar palm) is a multipurpose palm species with interesting economic potential, well known for the high sugar content of its sap. We characterized various morphological characteristics of male and female inflorescences and correlations between these parameters and sap yield were determined. We found strong correlations between peduncle girth and various morphological parameters in both types of inflorescence. Our results revealed a highly significant correlation between the average sap volume/day and various morphological parameters of male inflorescences such as the peduncle girth and average rachillae length. These morphological parameters are proposed as potential indicators for the identification of superior germplasm with high sap yield.
... The same is true for the other Caryoteae genera, Arenga Labill. ex DC (Dransfield 1981;Mogea 2004) and Wallichia Roxb. (Henderson 2009) and for the next most closely related Coryphoid genera, Kerriodoxa J. Dransf., Chuniophoenix Burret and Nannorrhops H. Wendl. ...
This review traces advances in taxonomic and ethnobotanic understanding of the genera Corypha L. and Borassus L. gained from research since the time of publication of “Harvest of the Palm; Ecological Change in Eastern Indonesia” by James J. Fox in 1977. It posits testable hypotheses arising from the literature: firstly, that both genera were present in the furthest parts of island Southeast Asia prior to a definitive Indianized cultural expansion in the first millennium CE.; secondly, that two of their species ̶ “lontar” Borassus flabellifer L. and “gewang” Corypha utan Lam. ̶ were significant components of pre-agricultural economies of the archipelago, but that their full economic exploitation benefited from later cultural stimuli from the Indian subcontinent. To test these hypotheses, lines of research with potential benefits for local economies in semi-arid Indonesia are proposed. © 2016, Society for Indonesian Biodiversity. All rights reserved.
Exploitation of the kithul palm (Caryota urens L. Arecaceae) is an ancient industry in Sri Lanka, yet it is neither commercialized nor cultivated. Naturally established palms in the agroforestry systems or in the wild are used to produce food, beverage, timber, and traditional medicines. As kithul cultivation is not commercialized, the related production systems are not mechanized, products are not standardized, or value added. Each step related to kithul products has specific sets of methods learnt through experience, disseminated from one generation to the next. Diverse kithul products are used in diets, in industry and some of its products are integrated with Ayurvedic medicine. The scientific research findings corroborate some beneficial properties of kithul products such as floral sap, treacle, jaggery, toddy, vinegar and flour, claimed by ayurvedic physicians. Kithul products have many potential uses in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, bioremediation, energy production, and structural engineering. This review compiles the indigenous knowledge system behind the kithul industry in Sri Lanka and the scientific findings justifying the practices in the industry and properties of the products. We highlight the need to scientifically explore certain components in the industry such as the seasoning mixtures used for tapping the sap to develop more effective commercial products, develop innovative tapping and processing technology, and improved cultivars and establishment of plantations. We have also shown the scientific basis of the medicinal value of kithul-based products already used in local Ayurvedic medicine.
Famili Arecaceae (Palem-paleman) merupakan famili tertua di antara tumbuhan berbunga, yang memiliki lebih dari 200 genus dan 3.000 spesies yang tersebar di daerah tropis dan sub tropis di dunia. Ciri morfologi perbungaan setiap spesies tumbuhan mengakibatkan perbedaan proses polinasi, sehingga pengetahuan tentang morfologi perbungaan Arecaceae akan mempermudah menentukan sistem polinasi serta metode pemuliaan yang dapat diterapkan. Tujuan dari kajian studi literatur ini untuk mengetahui sistem polinasi berdasarkan morfologi perbungaaan pada famili Arecaceae dan korelasi antara morfologi perbungaan dengan agen polinasi pada famili Arecaceae.Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian studi literatur ini yaitu pengoleksian artikel, penyeleksian artikel dan pengolahan data secara deskriptif kualitatif. Pengoleksian dan penilaian artikel dilakukan melalui data base google scholar, Garuda dan scimagojr. Hasil analisis artikel yang diperoleh yaitu morfologi perbungaan pada 7 genus famili Arecaceae yang ditelusuri memiliki bunga berwarna kuning dan merah. Karakteristik infloresen yaitu terletak di ketiak daun, tipe infloresen tidak terbatas, bentuk infloresen tongkol majemuk (kecuali genus Nypa dan Elaeis berbentuk bongkol majemuk), dan panjang infloresen berkisar 8 cm – 440 cm. Struktur perbungaan adalah monoecious, dioecious, dan androdioecious. Agen polinasi potensial pada 7 genus tersebut adalah serangga dari famili Apidae (lebah), Curculionidae (kumbang), dan Formicidae (semut. Jenis-jenis lebah dan kumbang mendominasi penyerbukan pada bunga berbentuk bongkol majemuk, sedangkan pada bunga tongkol majemuk ketiga agen polinasi potensial dapat ditemukan dengan jumlah jenis yang beragam. Agen-agen polinasi tersebut berinteraksi secara mutualisme sesuai dengan ketertarikan mereka dengan morfologi perbungaan genus-genus tersebut dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi adaptasi morfologi perbungaan 7 genus tersebut dalam proses reproduksinya.
