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Application of 3-beam metasurface antenna (MSA) for LEO satellite communications.
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... full duplex, the development of multipath antennas is a challenge [4,5]. In addition, the relevance of these antennas is dictated by the emergence of software-defined low-orbit (LEO) satellite and high-altitude pseudo-satellite (HAPS) communication systems and the creation of coverage areas with high-speed Internet access on Earth's territories ( Fig. 1) [6]. Metasurfaces are known to effectively solve the problem of controlling the amplitude, phase, and polarization of radiation in the optical, microwave, and terahertz ranges [7- ...
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... Despite their limitations, PMBAs are valued by their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and reliability. The usage of exclusively passive components significantly reduces their complexity and power requirements, making them suitable for applications such as satellite communications [22], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], radar systems [29], [30], [31], [32], and wireless networks where predefined beam directions suffice, such as 5G [23], [33], [34], [35] or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) [36], [37], [38], [39]. ...
The rise in popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the need to power devices wirelessly, a process called Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), to avoid the usage of batteries, which present limited lifespans. In particular, Microwave Power Transfer (MPT), both Near-field (NF) and Far-field (FF), use Electromagnetic (EM) waves to transfer power between two points. However, these systems still present some downsides, mainly efficiency-wise. This paper explores the usage of Multibeam Antennas (MBAs), specifically Beamforming Network (BFN)-based ones, to improve the capabilities of traditional MPT and Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) systems. The paper starts by introducing the usage of MPT in IoT applications and how MBAs could help solve some of them or at least mitigate them. Afterward, a general explanation of the typical MBAs architectures, including Passive Multibeam Antennas (PMBAs), Multibeam Phased-Array Antennas (MBPAAs), and Digital Multibeam Antennas (DMBAs) is presented, along with their advantages, drawbacks, and some emerging trends. After introducing the typical architectures of MBAs, a comprehensive literature survey is done around rectennas and MPT Transmitters (TXs). This approach allows us to understand better why some architectures are more present than others in both applications, highlighting the exclusive usage of PMBAs in rectennas due to them not using energy. To finalize the paper, using the literature survey done, some challenges associated with integrating MBAs in MPT and RFEH are presented, along with some works presenting ways to mitigate them.
... Figure 4C1-C3 are the simulated 3D radiation patterns for the whole pattern, LHCP component and RHCP component, respectively. Figure 4D shows the measured and simulated normalized 2D radiation patterns, and the simulated gains are 15 18 our result has similar AE. In conclusion, our result simultaneously has the following advantages: small size, high AE, co-modulation for polarization, beam direction, and OAM mode. ...
This paper proposes a high aperture efficiency (AE) small size tensor holographic impedance metasurface (THIMS), which has the ability to create circular polarized (CP) high purity orbital angular momentum (OAM) multi‐beams with flexibly independent control of the individual beam direction, polarization and OAM mode. The tensor unit cell is a cross‐slotted circular patch. We design a THIMS at 14.6 GHz for dual CP OAM beams: Beam‐I (LHCP, l = 1, θ1 = 30°, φ1 = 0°), Beam‐II (RHCP, l = −1, θ2 = 30°, φ2 = 180°). The developed tensor dual CP THIMS has the following advantages: high purity in xoy plane at z = 9.73 λ (λ wavelength, measured purity 88.4% for Beam‐I, and 93.5% for Beam‐II), high AE 25.1%, and small size 5.986 λ × 5.986 λ × 0.0618 λ. The calculated, simulated and measured results agree well. The generated dual CP OAM beams have potential applications for high‐capacity wireless communication, radar high resolution imaging, and rotation velocity measurement.
... Each feed point produces a beam in a different direction, enabling multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) communications with the use of a single aperture. In the context of holographic antennas, the design with multiple feeds and multiple output beams is typically done by averaging the impedance of all the different cases [9]- [11]. The same method of multiplexing has also been proposed in the case that the feeds operate in different frequencies [12], [13]. ...
This paper presents the experimental demonstration of a dual-input/dual-output reflective impedance metasurface. The design of the metasurface relies on the Method of Moments and leverages auxiliary surface waves to achieve anomalous reflection of impinging plane waves with controlled sidelobe levels. A prototype that ensures maximum directivity at prescribed angles for the reflection of the two input waves is then fabricated on a Rogers RO3003 printed-circuit board using 42 metawires loaded with printed capacitors. The proposed metasurface is capable of reflecting incident beams from to and from to at 9.7 GHz. The metasurface is measured and an aperture efficiency of at least 80% is calculated for each of the reflected waves, indicating a high multiplexing efficacy.
In this paper, we propose a novel method for synthesizing a multibeam metasurface antenna (MSA) for use in a space application - a payload component of a small satellite as part of a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication constellation. MSA is synthesized using the holographic technique with a divergent phase distribution. Using this method, a low-cost multi-beam Ku-band antenna with seven flattened beams is developed. The results of the numerical simulation and experimental study of the proposed seven-beam MSA were presented. The gain of each beam is about 25 dBi, the aperture efficiency of the MSA is ~40%. Each individual beam had a separate feed point and its own inclination angle (0°, ±3.5°, ±7°, ±10.5°). This paper shows that the presented MSA is not inferior in its characteristics to similar solutions, but is more compact and lighter, and also allows the formation of complex radiation patterns.
