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Antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides of A. cornea strains. (A) DPPH radical scavenging and (B) ABTS scavenging activities.
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Background
Mushrooms are considered as next-generation healthy food components. Owing to their low-fat content, high-quality proteins, dietary fiber, and rich source of nutraceuticals. They are ideally preferred in formulation of low-caloric functional foods. In this view, the breeding strategies of mushroom Auricularia cornea (A. cornea) focusing...
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Citations
... Generally, the nutritional value per 100 g of fresh A. auriculajudae contains 50 Kcal of energy, 10.90 g of carbohydrate, 14 g protein, 0.10 g of fat, 1.8 g of dietary fiber, 60 mg of calcium, 6.1 mg of iron, 0.04 mg of thiamine, 0.71 mg of riboflavin, 2.80 mg of niacin, 21 mg of vitamin C, and 87.1 g of water [32]. However, the nutritional value is influenced by the substrate formulation and culture conditions as previously described [33][34][35][36]. ...
... Te mushroom has shown widespread potential to valorize organic waste especially lignocellulosic biomass and litter in soil for their growth and biomass gain. In addition, the growing fungi and mushrooms provide nutrients and growth promoters to plants to improve their growth [79,80]. ...
Rapid industrialization, mining, and other anthropogenic activities have poisoned our environment with heavy metals, negatively impacting all forms of life. Heavy metal pollution causes physiological and neurological disorders, as heavy metals are endocrine disrupters, carcinogenic, and teratogenic. Therefore, it becomes mandatory to address the challenge of heavy metal contamination on a global scale. Physical and chemical approaches have been employed for pollutant removal and detoxification, but these methods cannot be adopted universally due to high cost, labor intensiveness, and possible negative impact on natural microflora. Phytoremediation is one of the preferred and safest approaches for environmental management due to its high efficiency and low cost of investment. The plant can uptake the pollutants and heavy metals from water and soil through an intense root network via rhizofiltration and process via phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, and accumulation. At a cellular level, the phytoremediation process relies on natural mechanisms of plant cells, e.g., absorption, transpiration, intracellular storage, and accumulation to counter the detrimental effects of pollutants. It is widely accepted because of its novelty, low cost, and high efficiency; however, the process is comparatively slower. In addition, plants can store pollutants for a long time but again become a challenge at the end of the life cycle. The current review summarizes phytoremediation as a potential cure for heavy metal pollutants, released from natural as well as anthropogenic sources. It will provide insight into the advancement and evolution of advanced techniques like nanoremediation that can improve the rate of phytoremediation, along with making it sustainable, cost-effective, and economically viable.
... Although, there are many stress for agriculture which continuously retarding or decreasing the quantitity and quality of crops, these stress in the form of microplastics, green house gases, microbial diversity and soil polluted by many wastes and toxics substaannces [83][84][85]. Here, iron oxide NPs play key positive role toward solution of present challaneges and it has been shown in Fig. 10, abiotic stress synergies in rice plants via redox regulation and epigenetic signaling [86][87][88]. The current work based on iron NPs can be very effective source of nutrients for agricultural crops which brings siginficatlt change in final products. ...
In tissue culture, efficient nutrient availability and effective control of callus contamination are crucial for successful plantlet regeneration. This study was aimed to enhance callogenesis, callus regeneration, control callus contamination, and substitute iron (Fe) source with FeO-NPs in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Nanogreen iron oxide (FeO-NPs) were synthesized and well characterized with sizes ranging from 2 to 7.5 nm. FeO-NPs as a supplement in MS media at 15 ppm, significantly controlled callus contamination by (80%). Results indicated that FeCl3-based FeO-NPs induced fast callus induction (72%) and regeneration (43%), in contrast FeSO4-based FeO-NPs resulted in increased callus weight (516%), diameter (300%), number of shoots (200%), and roots (114%). Modified media with FeO-NPs as the Fe source induced fast callogenesis and regeneration compared to normal MS media. FeO-NPs, when applied foliar spray, increased Plant fresh biomass by 133% and spike weight by 350%. Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively. Additionally, APX (Ascorbate peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) increased in IRRI-6 by 27%, 29%, 283%, 62%, while in Kissan Basmati, APX increased by 70%, SOD decreased by 28%, and POD and CAT increased by 89% and 98%, respectively. Finally, FeO-NPs effectively substituted Fe source in MS media, shorten the plant life cycle, and increase chlorophyll content as well as APX, SOD, POD, and CAT activities. This protocol is applicable for tissue culture in other cereal crops as well.
... 7 Findings from recent studies highlight the high antioxidant content of mushrooms and their potential use in a range of commercial food products. 8 Both the fruiting bodies and mycelia of mushrooms are nutrient-dense and possess desirable flavor and aroma profiles suitable for food processing applications. 9 The fruiting bodies of mushrooms are particularly noted for their antioxidant content, including phenols, polysaccharides, vitamins, and minerals, while their mycelia also exhibit significant antioxidant properties. ...
Mushrooms, recognized for their rich medicinal and nutritional content, have garnered significant interest due to their potent antioxidant properties. This study investigates the fruiting bodies and mycelia of straw mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea) and grey oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju). The mushrooms were extracted using distilled water at ratios of 1:25, 1:30, and 1:35 g/mL by soaking in a temperature-regulated shaking bath set at 50°C. The aqueous extracts were analyzed for their bioactive components, including polysaccharides, proteins, GABA, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), along with their antioxidant capacities using DPPH and ABTS assays. The results indicated that the straw mushroom exhibited higher levels of polysaccharides, GABA, TPC, and TFC compared to the grey oyster mushroom, which contained higher protein levels. Specifically, the fruiting bodies extract of the straw mushroom demonstrated the highest levels of polysaccharides (416.94 mg/g extract), GABA (12.86 mg/g extract), TPC (33.27 mg GAE/g extract), and TFC (9.39 mg CE/g extract). Furthermore, the fruiting bodies extract showed a greater capacity to scavenge free radicals than the mycelia extract of both straw mushroom and grey oyster mushroom, with DPPH assay values of 0.65 and 0.47 mg TE/g extract and ABTS assay values of 2.26 and 1.74 mg TE/g extract, respectively. These results suggest that the fruiting bodies possess higher free radical scavenging potential as an outcome of their high levels of bioactive compounds. Consequently, these extracts indicate promise as natural antioxidative agents and could be effectively utilized as ingredients in the culinary industry.
... The crude polysaccharides in the pileus and stipe of M. sextelata were extracted using a previously established method with some modifications (21). Briefly, the powder sample (5 g) was mixed with water (200 mL) and subjected to heating at 90°C for a duration of 3 h. ...
... Specifically, it was found that the pileus exhibited considerably higher levels of Fe and Zn, while Se was found to be rich in the stipe. These trace elements are known to participate in vital biological processes such as enzyme activation, regulation of immune system function, and antioxidant defense mechanisms (21). Interestingly, compared to other types of morel mushrooms, M. sextelata demonstrated comparatively higher levels of trace elements such as Fe, Zn, Se (7). ...
Morchella sextelata is a highly prized edible mushroom and is widely consumed for its distinctive taste and texture. The stipe of M. sextelata is significantly lower in priced compared to the pileus. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of the nutritional and biological properties between the pileus and stipe of M. sextelata. The results revealed that the stipe exhibited comparable levels of various nutrients and bioactive compounds to those found in the pileus. The stipe showed significantly higher levels of crude dietary fiber, various mineral elements, vitamins, amino acids, 5′-nucleotides, fatty acids, and specific sugars. Additionally, it also demonstrated significant abundance in bioactive compounds such as total flavonoids and ergothioneine. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into unlocking further knowledge about M. sextelata’s nutritional composition while highlighting its potential health benefits associated with different parts of this highly esteemed edible mushroom.
Auricularia cornea has become one of the most important cultivated mushrooms worldwide. Although not remarkably flavorful, Auricularia species are very versatile and rehydrate easily after drying, adding a unique and pleasing texture to the dishes. In this study, we collected, identified, and domesticated a wild strain of A. cornea from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. The wild strain was evaluated for mycelial growth at different temperatures and substrates, biological efficiency, and nutritional composition. The temperature that best favored the A. cornea mycelium growth was 30 °C, and the substrate was sterile Eucalyptus sawdust. The highest biological efficiency value obtained was 106.90 ± 13.28%. Nutritional analysis showed that the produced wood ears contained 71.02% carbohydrates, 19.63% crude fiber, 11.59% crude protein, 10.19% crude fat, and 4.24% ash on dry matter basis. For the mineral content profile, the elements K and P were the most abundant. This is the first report on cultivation of a wild strain of A. cornea from Brazil.
The genus Auricularia contains mushrooms that are known for their edibility, ecological value;
as decomposers and nutrient cycling. They also contain medically useful bioactive compounds;
mostly polysaccharides with numerous pharmacological activities (antioxidant, anti-tumour,
immunomodulatory, hypolipodemic, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective etc.). They
also contain nutritive compounds useful as nutraceuticals and are cultivated worldwide. We set
out to update the collecting localities of Auricularia in Ghana with the view to extend the list
of national occurrence. Field trips were made from August 2022 to July 2023 to Ashanti, Oti,
Western North and Eastern Regions to record new localities of Auricularia. A desktop study
collated the nutritional, medicinal and other bioactive compounds resident in the mushroom
to assess potential for economic exploitation for health delivery. Morphological, anatomical
and other characteristics of the fruiting bodies were determined to authenticate the samples
obtained. Auricularia cornea was recorded for the first time on cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao)
and cassava (Manihot esculenta L) sticks in Adansi North (Ashanti Region), Bowiri Amanfro
and Bowiri Kyiriahi (Oti Region); Baakokrom, Sefwi Bekwai in the Bibiani-Anwhiaso Bekwai
Municipality (Western North Region) as well as the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana- New
Tafo Akim (Eastern Region). There are seven Auricularia (A. auricula-judae, A. delicata,
A. fuscosuccinea, A. hunteri, A. mesenterica, A. polytricha and A. cornea) in Ghana. The
morphometric, anatomical and other physical characteristics agree with the reported data in the
pertinent literature for A. cornea. The plethora of bioactive, nutritive and pharmacologically
useful ingredients of the basidiomata makes the mushroom a potential source of economic
value and gives credence to its exploitation for health delivery in our developing economy.
