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Infectious diseases caused by pathogens and food poisoning caused by spoilage microorganisms are threatening human health all over the world. The efficacies of some antimicrobial agents, which are currently used to extend shelf-life and increase the safety of food products in food industry and to inhibit disease-causing microorganisms in medicine,...
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... pepper (Piper nigrum) (Table 13) is largely used as a flavoring agent in foods. The antifungal effects of EO and acetone extract of black pepper on various pathogenic fungi were tested by the inverted petriplate technique and food poisoning technique [136]. ...
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The antifungal effect of aromatic plants (oregano, thyme, and Satureja) in dry form and as essential oils was evaluated in vitro (in potato dextrose agar (PDA)) and in bread against two phytopathogenic fungi found in food (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium). Gas and liquid chromatography were used to analyze essential oils attained by hydrodistilla...
Citations
... Evidence from literature has also suggested that herbal derivatives can serve as suitable substitutes for synthetic agents in the prophylactic and curative care of periodontal diseases owing to their considerable natural effect, augmented safety, and reduced cost [14,15]. In this context, numerous herbs have been explored and are identified to possess antimicrobial properties [16,17]. During the last decades, the extracts of medicinal herbs possessing anti-bacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities have been utilized for the prevention and treatment of various oral diseases [18,19]. ...
... [14], while their antifungal activities are more limited [15]. All these positive and desirable properties that herbs and spices have and the form in which they are sold, mostly powered, make these ingredients so vulnerable to fraud and adulteration. ...
There is a necessity to protect the quality and authenticity of herbs and spices because of the increase in the fraud and adulteration incidence during the last 30 years. There are several aspects that make herbs and spices quite vulnerable to fraud and adulteration, including their positive and desirable sensorial and health-related properties, the form in which they are sold, which is mostly powdered, and their economic relevance around the world, even in developing countries. For these reasons, sensitive, rapid, and reliable techniques are needed to verify the authenticity of these agri-food products and implement effective adulteration prevention measures. This review highlights why spices and herbs are highly valued ingredients, their economic importance, and the official quality schemes to protect their quality and authenticity. In addition to this, the type of frauds that can take place with spices and herbs have been disclosed, and the fraud incidence and an overview of scientific articles related to fraud and adulteration based on the Rapid Alert System Feed and Food (RASFF) and the Web of Science databases, respectively, during the last 30 years, is carried out here. Next, the methods used to detect adulterants in spices and herbs are reviewed, with DNA-based techniques and mainly spectroscopy and image analysis methods being the most recommended. Finally, the available adulteration prevention measurements for spices and herbs are presented, and future perspectives are also discussed.
... India and Sri Lanka are the major spice-producing and exporting countries . Spices and their bioactive compounds are reported to have several health benefits including antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and helpful in improving digestive and cardiovascular conditions; and are also known for their potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties (Bower et al., 2016;Gunasekar et al., 2012;Liu et al., 2017;. Spices such as garlic, dill, celery, black cardamom, black cumin, chili, black mustard, cumin, cinnamon, and coriander are also used for the preservation of foodstuff . ...
... The first one is the destruction of the microbial cell wall and cell membrane. After that, active substances permeate the cytoplasmic membranes or enter the cells and inhibit the normal synthesis of DNA and proteins (Liu et al., 2017). The second is to change the microbial structure through the influence of genes and proteins. ...
Pyracantha is a plant with edible and medicinal value and widely distributed from eastern Asia to southern Europe but is underutilized and has great potential. As scientists gradually study its properties, it was found that Pyracantha contains various phytochemical components such as pigments and phospholipids. Meanwhile, Pyracantha is also rich in phenolic substances, such as flavonoids. The extract of Pyracantha shows strong biological properties, such as inhibition of tyrosinase activity, anti‐oxidative, and tumor‐preventive effects. Pyracantha bioavailability releases quantities of compounds in the food matrix from the digestive process that are important for its health‐promoting properties. The extraction of biologically active substances in Pyracantha would be applied in various aspects. Their extracts can also be used as health food, food additives, and cosmetics. As the interaction of phytochemicals, proteins, and phenolic compounds can affect the pharmacological activity and bioavailability of Pyracantha , it is important to understand the mechanism of effect, which can further allow consumers to choose a healthier Pyracantha dietary culture. This review aims to prove the nutritional components and pharmacological activities of Pyracantha and to make consumers better aware of the benefits of Pyracantha in connection with their bioavailability and application, in order to provide a reference for further research and development of Pyracantha resources.
... For example, cinnamon essential oil contains 50-75% of trans-cinnamaldehyde when extracted from the bark of the true cinnamon tree (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). However, the oil produced from the leaves of this tree contains 50-75% of eugenol and only a trace amount of cinnamaldehyde, making it similar in composition, activity, and scent to clove essential oil [41]. Camphor is derived from the wood, bark, and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (as "camphor brown" oil). ...
The aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of essential oils isolated from different cultivars and morphological parts of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) in combination with the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin. This in vitro study analyzed the effectiveness of the combinations of gentamicin and lavender essential oils against the following strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The effect of the combination of lavender oils with gentamicin was tested using the checkerboard method. A synergistic effect against S. aureus strain ATCC 25923 was found when gentamicin was combined with lavender essential oils isolated from flowers and leafy stalks (flowers: ‘Blue River’ FICI—0.192; ‘Ellagance Purple’ FICI—0.288; leafy stalks: ‘Blue River’ FICI—0.192; ‘Ellagance Purple’ FICI—0.320). A synergistic effect was also observed for the combination of gentamicin with lavender essential oils from flowers against the resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA) (‘Blue River’ FICI—0,191; ‘Ellagance Purple’ FICI—0.263), as well as for the essential oils from leafy stalks (‘Blue River’ FICI—0.076; ‘Ellagance Purple’ FICI—0.089). No interaction was observed for the combination of studied essential oils with gentamicin against P. aeruginosa strain ATCC 9027 (FICI = 1.083–1.300).
... Polyphenols are mostly flavonoids with numerous hydroxyl groups and free radical scavenging properties. [66] Radishes' leaves contain several bioactive chemicals. Wang et al. examined the red radish antioxidant and prooxidant activities in vitro. ...
... Spices have a long history of being used as both food flavorings and traditional medicine, which possess many bioactive functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities [119,120]. Moreover, the preventive and therapeutic effects of spices on mental disorders have received increasing attention. ...
The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek prevention and treatment strategies for mental disorders. Several gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are demonstrated to affect mental health through microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis can be related to mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders. On the other hand, dietary components, including probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha-lactalbumin), synbiotics, postbiotics (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), dairy products, spices (e.g., Zanthoxylum bungeanum, curcumin, and capsaicin), fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, and so on, could exert protective effects against mental disorders by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota while suppressing harmful ones. In this paper, the mental disorder-associated gut microbiota are summarized. In addition, the protective effects of dietary components on mental health through targeting the gut microbiota are discussed. This paper can be helpful to develop some dietary natural products into pharmaceuticals and functional foods to prevent and treat mental disorders.
... Qeios ID: BYFR7H · https://doi.org/10.32388/BYFR7H 23/42 negative bacteria by adhering to and deteriorating the membrane proteins through hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions (Boskovic, 2015;Gonelimali, 2018;Liu, 2017). This causes lipopolysaccharides to be released, increasing membrane permeability, which allows uncontrolled ATP diffusion across the membrane preventing the bacterium from harnessing energy (Boskovic, 2015). ...
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of garlic (_Allium sativum_), thyme (_Thymus vulgaris_), oregano (_Origanum vulgare_), turmeric (_Curcuma longa_), rosemary (_Rosmarinus officinalis_) and cinnamon (_Cinnamomum _species) for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant strains of _Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli_, _Campylobacter jejuni, _and _Salmonella typhimurium_. METHODS. The scientific electronic database PubMed was utilized to review the current literature. The inclusion criteria consisted of academic journal articles that were available as free full-text studies published between 2007-2018. RESULTS. In total, 2,923 articles were found and 71 of those met the preset criteria. The literature review provided evidence that garlic (_Allium sativum_), thyme (_Thymus vulgaris_), oregano (_Origanum vulgare_), turmeric (_Curcuma longa_), rosemary (_Rosmarinus officinalis_) and cinnamon (_Cinnamomum _species) may be effective for the suppression of growth of antibiotic-resistant strains of _Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli_, _Campylobacter jejuni, _and _Salmonella typhimurium_. CONCLUSION. Antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria are a major issue in the healthcare field. Natural plant-based products may provide a benefit as an adjunct therapy or monotherapy for certain strains of bacteria that are antibiotic resistant.
... However, antimicrobial resistance has been triggered by the overuse of antibiotics in poultry to prevent or treat their diseases (CALLENS et al., 2018), so substitutes are needed. According to the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (2019), herbal remedies are widely used in developing countries as a substitute for the treatment of a variety of ailments in poultry, such as bacterial and fungal diseases (LIU et al., 2017), as natural antiviral (GADO et al., 2019), anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, growth promoters, and for enhancing weight and immunity (HANIARTI et al., 2019;GARIP et al., 2017). Apart from the potential antimicrobial effect, herbs are relatively affordable, locally available and have no significant adverse effects. ...
The purpose of the current research was to determine the impact of Sophora koreensis (SKS) on Korean native chickens' (KNC) antioxidant status, meat quality (MQ), and growth performance at various levels (SKS0: basal diet without SKS, SKS1: basal diet + SKS of 10 mg/kg diet, SKS2: basal diet + SKS of 20 mg/kg diet, and SKS3: basal diet + SKS of 30 mg/kg diet). With the addition of SKS, there was a decrease in the level of malondialdehyde and an increase in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity in the blood and leg muscle. Leg muscles displayed higher 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate-reducing activity in the SKS-supplemented groups. The SKS-supplemented treatments demonstrated an increased breast muscle capacity to retain water as well as a decreased cooking loss, improved pH, and increased shear force. Inclusion of SKS in the diet was found to increase spleen and bursa of Fabricius weight and body weight gain, and reduce feed consumption and abdominal fat. The SKS-supplemented groups showed a decrease in corticosterone levels and oxidative stress, and an improved antioxidant status and meet quality. In conclusion, SKS-supplementation can increase the antioxidant potential and performance of KNC.
... Thyme is known for its potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which are due to the presence of a variety of bioactive compounds such as thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and linalool [16]. Recently, thyme nanoemulsions have gained considerable attention in the field of nanotechnology due to their potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer [17,18] and also has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities against Salmonella senftenberg [19,20], Salmonella enteritidis [21], Micrococcus luteus, L. monocytogenes, Enterococcus spp., and Aeromonas spp. [22]. ...
The utilisation of medicinal plants and their essential oils is receiving more attention due to the ineffectiveness of current therapeutic methods in the treatment of various cancers and the rising incidence of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Thymol, an active ingredient of Thymus vulgaris, is known to have hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. To overcome major obstacles to their usage, such as quick oxidation and high volatility, plant essential oils must be administered through a system to improve the delivery of their active pharmaceutical ingredient. The bioavailability of active substances may be enhanced by the colloidal dispersion nanoemulsion. Therefore, this study aims to derive a comparative evaluation of the thyme oil nanoemulsion formulation and the characterisation of its antibacterial and antitumorigenic activities. A nanoemulsion (NE) with a droplet size of 122.2 ± 1.079 nm was discovered to be stable and mono-dispersed for 4 months and inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus. It also displayed antitumorigenic capabilities in HepG2 cells by arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and upregulating the gene expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Caspase 3, 8, and 9, as well as a concomitant concentration-dependent decrease in B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 protein (BCL2). Along with an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, upregulation of the expression levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways was also seen, indicating of ROS formation in the cancer cells.
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