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Anti-Nutrients content in water lily bulb.
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Water lily (Nymphaea lotus) bulbs from Mankhanwa River in Ibi – Nigeria were quantified for their biochemical composition. Proximate composition, anti-nutritional factors, minerals, vitamins and phytochemical contents in the plant bulb were assayed using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) standard methods. Values were obtained in du...
Citations
... Marrubiin yang diisolasi dari Marrubium vulgare dilaporkan memiliki efektivitas antioksidan sebesar 3.,2 mikromol TE/g, sementara ekstrak metanol dan aseton menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi yaitu 261,41 mikromol TE/g dan 272,90 mikromol TE/g, diduga karena kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang terdapat pada kedua ekstrak tersebut. Senyawa flavonoid yaitu apigenin, luteolin, dan kuersetin yang terkandung dalam kedua ekstrak tersebut merupakan senyawa yang terkenal dengan efektivitas antioksidannya yang tinggi [49]. ...
Al-Qanun fii at-Tibb 2 is a medical text book by Ibn Sina, which contains monographs of various natural materials, especially plants that have properties for organs including the lungs. In this book there is no data regarding the secondary metabolite content of these plants and this study aims to conduct a literature review of the main secondary metabolite components of these plants. and see the correlation between the major components and their efficacy on the lungs. This research was conducted using the literature review method through various databases by extracting from 124 scientific journals information about 58 plants that are efficacious for lung organs according to Al Qanun Fi'l Tibb and data has been produced in the form of the content of the main secondary metabolites of these plants, namely flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, lignans., saponins, anthraquinones, glucosinolates, phenolic acids, sekoiridoids, steroids, and alkaloids as the major components. Based on the results of this review, the main components of secondary metabolites are known to have reported beneficial bioactivities in the treatment of the respiratory system and lung organ.
... The protein content of Azolla cristata (20%) is lower than that reported byAra et al. (2018), comparable to that reported byKumari et al. (2018) and almost similar to the results shown byBag et al. (2012) for A. pinnata (20.56%). On the other hand, the proximate composition of N. mexicana is close to the range reported byStephen et al. (2017) for N. lotus (bulb), the little variation is due to difference at species level and also the part of plant assayed. The biochemical composition of T. natans is comparable to the results shown byKalita et al. (2007), however, the protein content is higher in our study which is attributed to difference in geographical location since nutrient content in water affects crude protein content of the plant.Lipids are a vital source of energy, as well as EFA and phospholipids, which act as a carrier for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. ...
Aquaculture provides high-quality protein reasonably at cheap cost. But the intensive aquaculture is facing expensive feeding cost because the key aquadiet ingredient- fishmeal is becoming very costly. In this scenario application of aquatic plants as an alternative for fishmeal has the potential to revolutionize aquafarming in meeting protein demand globally. Macrophytes grow abundantly in all water bodies and are considered as a nuisance in most of eutrophic aquatic systems. In the current study the nutritional profile of five aquatic plants, namely Azolla cristata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaea mexicana and Trapa natans , collected from the Dal Lake, Kashmir was evaluated. The proximate analysis was carried out as per standard methods of association of official analytical chemists (AOAC) and mineral analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results show that the crude protein lies in the range of 16–24% with Nymphaea mexicana showing the highest (24.13%) and Ceratophyllum demersum showing the lowest (16.07%) crude protein content. The crude lipid content ranges between 4–8% whereas ash content lies in the range of 11- 37.74% with C. demersum showing the highest (37.74%). Among the investigated macrophytes, the highest levels of potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese, cadmium and copper were recorded in C. demersum . Azolla cristata was rich in sodium and zinc, and Nelumbo nucifera in cobalt. Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids were present in all the investigated macrophytes except C. demersum. Our findings revealed that macrophytes are rich sources of fatty acids, protein and minerals besides their readily availability and high productivity and it is argued here in this paper they can prove as viable candidates for aquafeed in the future.
... Vitamins are required in trace amounts by our body for metabolism and physiological functions to prevent diseases such as those asso-ciated with oxidative stress. Rhizome of N.lotus contains significant amount of carotenoids equivalent (51.3 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (24.65 mg/100 g) ( Stephen et al., 2017 ). In another study conducted by Anand et al. (2019) boiled rhizome of water lily has 3.12 mg/100 g of ascorbic acid, 1.11 mg/100 g of riboflavin, 0.05 mg/100 g of thiamine and 1.45 mg/100 g of niacin. ...
Water lilies and lotus are regarded as good source of food, nutrition, and medicinal purposes. This review assessed scientific evidence for application of fifteen species of water lilies and lotus as functional and nutraceutical food ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. The nutritional value and phytochemical compounnds of lotus and water lilies were reviewed. Additionally, the health benefits of water lilies and lotus as anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, and anticancer were highlighted. Water lilies and lotus could be commercially cultivated, harvested and processed to feed the increasing human population. Future studies should be conducted on physicochemical, thermal, rheological and pasting properties of major components i.e starch of water lilies and lotus. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro studies should be explored to address safety, toxicity and cytotoxicity of water lilies and lotus for application in food and pharmaceutical industries.
... 19 The moisture content in both species of WL wasan average of 13%, quite higher to compare with Nymphaea lotus species (9%). 20 Fat is one of the essential nutrientsthat can increase palatability of food and also carry out the fat-soluble vitamins. The quantity of fat is the lowest amount in both species about 1.5% on an average, inter changeable to the findings reported earlier by Shah. ...
Generally, the white and red water lily cultivars' stems are consumed as vegetables in Bangladesh. However, data on the nutritional benefits and antioxidant properties of these aquatic plant’s stem are scant. Considering the aforementioned possibilities, the goal of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value, anti-nutritional factors, and antioxidant activity of two common Nymphaea species such as Nymphaea nouchali (white variety), and Nymphaea rubra (red variety) grown in Bangladesh. The proximate analysis and mineral content were determined by following AOAC methods. Crude fiber content was significantly higher in the white lily (19.56±0.68%) compared to the red cultivar (16.24±1.05%). Conversely, the red lily showed a higher value (18.52±1.01%) for ash content than the white species (15.44±0.79%). However, the varieties had no significant differences in moisture, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content. Both stems were rich in essential minerals, whereas Na and Cu were significantly higher in white water lily (WWL); however, the red water lily (RWL) stem possessed significantly copious amounts of K and P. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between two species in the case of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn content. The assay showed that the total phenolic contents (mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid contents (mg QE/g) were 16.51±0.05 and 15.48±02, 476±0.1 and 7.846±0.1 in white and red water lily stems respectively. In addition, the anti-nutrient screening revealed that both species were positive for saponin and tannin. Furthermore, the extract of RWL stem showed more antioxidant activity (IC50 value 28.48±0.12µg/ml) against DPPH than WWL (IC50 value 36.67±0.09 µg/ml). Thus, water lily stems can be incorporated into our diet as a potential natural source of antioxidants and vital elements.
... Simplified possible mechanisms based on in vivo and in vitro studies through which Nymphaea species can exhibit antidiabetic properties It has been found in different studies that Nymphaea species have a wide variety of phytochemical compounds that can be responsible for their antidiabetic activity. Alkaloids [11,22,132,143,151,152], saponins [11,21,27,132,143,153], steroids [132,[154][155][156][157], sterols [143,158,159], glycosides [22,89,132,152,156], flavonoids [11,132,137,138,[160][161][162], flavones [132], flavonol glycosides [128,163], terpenes [158,159,161], terpenoids [156,164,165], carotenoids [166], phenols and phenolics [11,132,155,156,161,164,167], coumarins [158], polyphenols [143,162,166], polyphenolic acids [11], tannins [11,22,27,126,132,152,153], quinones [158,168], and mucilage [131,138,143] have been reported to be found in different Nymphaea species. All of these groups of phytochemicals have been found to exert antidiabetic activity [169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186]. ...
... Simplified possible mechanisms based on in vivo and in vitro studies through which Nymphaea species can exhibit antidiabetic properties It has been found in different studies that Nymphaea species have a wide variety of phytochemical compounds that can be responsible for their antidiabetic activity. Alkaloids [11,22,132,143,151,152], saponins [11,21,27,132,143,153], steroids [132,[154][155][156][157], sterols [143,158,159], glycosides [22,89,132,152,156], flavonoids [11,132,137,138,[160][161][162], flavones [132], flavonol glycosides [128,163], terpenes [158,159,161], terpenoids [156,164,165], carotenoids [166], phenols and phenolics [11,132,155,156,161,164,167], coumarins [158], polyphenols [143,162,166], polyphenolic acids [11], tannins [11,22,27,126,132,152,153], quinones [158,168], and mucilage [131,138,143] have been reported to be found in different Nymphaea species. All of these groups of phytochemicals have been found to exert antidiabetic activity [169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186]. ...
Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent metabolic disease specified by increased blood glucose and impaired insulin function. Various antidiabetic drugs are currently being used, but plant sources of antidiabetic agents are of recent scientific interest as they possess multitarget effects and the most negligible side effects. Nymphaea species (water lilies) have long been traditionally taken as food and antidiabetic agents. Growing research evidence suggests that different Nymphaea species exhibit antidiabetic activity. Therefore, we took an endeavor to summarize the available scientific literature on the antidiabetic activity of the genus Nymphaea. We extensively searched in three search engines and selected 27 in vivo, 9 in vitro, and 4 in silico studies regarding antidiabetic properties of 7 Nymphaea species named Nymphaea stellata, Nymphaea pubescens, Nymphaea lotus, Nymphaea alba, Nymphaea nouchali, Nymphaea rubra, and Nymphaea odorata. All these studies coincided with the conclusion that the Nymphaea species have effective antidiabetic properties and safety. Therefore, Nymphaea species are potential candidates for evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine and integrative medicine. The species have been found to show antidiabetic properties by antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, pancreatic β-cell-regenerating, insulin secretion and sensitivity promoting, glucose uptake and metabolizing protein-expressing, intestinal glucose metabolizing enzyme inhibiting, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protective, nephroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. A variety of antidiabetic compounds have been identified in the 7 Nymphaea species, which can be responsible for the antidiabetic activity exerted by diverse mechanisms. Future studies should be conducted on other Nymphaea species and different plant parts and diabetic parameters to investigate their antidiabetic activity and responsible phytochemical contents.
... The bulbs easily deteriorate when harvested from its environment and exposed to different environmental condition without following necessary preservation precaution. This may be due to high microbial activities occurring either on the bulb or inside the bulb from the aquatic environment (6) N.lotus is one of the foremost aquatic macrophytes that have been identified in Nigerian fresh water bodies (7). In Nigeria, it is called 'Bado' in Hausa , 'Iyeye' in Yoruba and 'Ijikara' in Ibo (8). ...
Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the nutritional value and glycemic index of red and green Nymphaea lotus (N.lotus) seeds. Most of the seeds are exposed to spoilage due to high moisture content and underutilization due to lack of adequate knowledge on its nutritional value. Methodology: Two varieties of N.lotus seeds were used for this study. The N.lotus fruits were obtained from Alau Dam in Jere LGA of Borno State, Nigeria. The fruits were opened to obtain the seeds which were dried to a constant weight and ground to a fine powder. Proximate composition, mineral element composition, vitamin composition and amino acid profile of the N.lotus seeds were determined using standard methods. Eighteen Wister rats of both sexes weighting 150g-160g were used for the glycemic index determination. The rats were grouped into three groups of six rats each. Group 1 were fed green N.lotus seeds , group two were fed the red N.lotus seeds while the third group fed glucose served as the control. The incremental areas under curves (IUACs) of the blood glucose response curve were used to determine GI. All results obtained are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three independent determinations. Significance of the results was obtained by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of significance of the mean values was accepted at P≤0.05. Results: The nutritional value of the N.lotus seeds were compared with earlier reports of common cereals consumed in northeast Nigeria. The results obtained showed Significant (P≤0.05) differences in the protein and carbohydrate content of green N.lotus (8.78 ± 0.67%), (70.76 ± 0.91%) and red N.lotus (7.22 ± 0.76%),(74.50 ± 0.47%). The protein and carbohydrate contents N.lotus seeds compare favourably with rice, acha (hungry rice), sorghum, maize and wheat. The calcium content of the red N.lotus seeds (61.04 ± 0.76 mg/100g) were significantly(P≤0.05) higher than that of green N.lotus seeds (35.15 ± 0.45 mg/100g). the calcium contents of the two varieties of N.lotus seeds were higher than the values for pearl millet, sorghum, acha and maize. The green N.lotus seeds had significantly(P≤0.05) higher content of thiamin and riboflavin (0.86 ± 0.86 mg/100g, 0.79 ± 0.70 mg/100g) than the red N.lotus seeds (0.38 ± 0.59 mg/100g, 0.41 ± 0.71 mg/100g).The thiamin and riboflavin contents of the two N.lotus seeds were higher than the reported values for pearl millet, acha, sorghum, wheat and maize. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the lysine and methionine contents of the green(3.71 ± 0.73 mg/100g, 3.95 ± 0.95 mg/100g) and red (3.63 ± 0.62 mg/100g, 4.00 ± 0.75 mg/100g) N.lotus seeds.The lysine content of the N.lotus seeds is within the same range with the values for wheat and maize.The N.lotus seeds showed higher values of lysine than pearl millet, acha and sorghum.The methionine content of the N.lotus seeds is higher than the values obtained for millet, sorghum, wheat and maize. The two varieties of N.lotus seeds exhibited medium GI(green; 61.09 ± 7.16 %, red 64.42 ± 4.73 %). Conclusion: The findings showed that the green N.lotus seeds has higher protein, fibre, thiamin, and riboflavin than the red N.lotus seeds while the red N.lotus seeds has higher calcium and iron than the green N.lotus seeds. The nutritional value of the two varieties of N. lotus seeds is higher than the common cereals consumed in the north eastern region of Nigeria. Therefore, N.lotus seeds can be used as a source of carbohydrate. The medium glycemic index of the N.lotus seeds indicate that it can be used as a food in the management of obesity and diabetes.
... Many invasive plants have high nutrient content, which includes crude fibre, lipids, protein, and carbohydrates; therefore, they are suitable for human consumption, use as feed, and use as a feedstock for conversion into valuable bio-based products (Stephen et al. 2017). The seeds of T. domingensis, for instance, contain high linoleic acid and are therefore used to feed cattle and chickens (Reed and Marsh 1955). ...
... Three of the aquatic invasive plants found in the Owabi Dam (N. odorata, P. lanigerum, and T. domingensis) are reportedly used for human consumption in Turkey and other places (Lim 2016;Stephen et al. 2017;Kayabaş et al. 2018). These observations demonstrate that invasive plants can be used both as feed for animals and human consumption. ...
This paper provides a compendium of the utilisation potential of aquatic invasive plants found in the Owabi Dam in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. In total, seven aquatic invasive plants were identified in the Owabi Dam, which included Ceratophyllum demersum, Nymphaea odorata, Polygonum lanigerum, Arthropteris orientalis, Typha domingensis, Pistia stratiotes, and Cyprus papyrus. Some of the identified invasive plants were found to be highly nutritious and suitable for human consumption or use as feed for livestock, fish, and poultry. Other plants had high medicinal potential and aesthetic value. Several of the invasive plants were suitable for bio-industrial usages as feedstock to produce biofuels, insecticides, and biofertilizers, among other products. Therefore, if an effective utilization method of these currently unutilized aquatic invasive plants is established, it can provide a source of livelihood and income generation for individuals and households and contribute to controlling the impact of invasive plants on the Owabi Dam.
... The Mg in Indian pennywort, Colocasia, Water spinach was higher than reported by Saikia and Deka (2013). Magnesium in this study was similar to the Water lily bulb (Stephen et al., 2017). The presence of Mg indicates its consumption may be a good mineral source. ...
Indigenous vegetables are available at low cost but there is little
information about their nutritional composition. The study was
conducted to compare the nutritional status of exotic and indigenous
vegetables. Most indigenous vegetables contained more
minerals than exotic vegetables. Potassium was the most abundant
macro-element (135–746 mg/100 g) followed by phosphorus
(16–98 mg/100 g). The most calcium was in leaves of Colocasia
esculenta (L) (238 mg/100 g). The most magnesium (91 mg/100 g)
and Vitamin-C (76 mg/100 g) was in Nymphaea nouchali (Burman)
bulb, and Brassica oleracea (L), respectively. Regular consumption
of indigenous vegetables may meet nutritional requirements in the
human diet.
... It is one of the foremost aquatic macrophytes that have been identified in the Nigerian fresh water bodies [5]. The impact of some macrophytes on water bodies, have been highlighted by many authors [6][7][8][9]. However, there is dearth of information on water lily despite its presence on many fresh water bodies in Nigeria [10]. ...
... In the light of this fact, it is clear that water lily may be a sole contributor to resolve the malnutrition problems in developing countries. The nutritional composition of the bulb of Nymphaea lotus has been reported [9]. However, nothing has been done on the rhizome of this plant. ...
... The results of the proximate analysis of the rhizome of Nymphaea lotus were compared with that reported for the bulb of the same plant [9]. This is summarized in table 1. ...
Proximate analysis and Amino acid profile of the rhizome of water lily, giving information about the nutritional composition of the rhizome.
The historic town of Charsadda, located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, holds significant archaeological importance, with evidence of ancient civilizations such as the Gandhara and Mauryan periods. Its diverse flora, thriving in the fertile lands and along the Kabul River banks, consists of crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane, and fruit orchards, contributing to biodiversity and supporting local livelihoods. The lotus plant, Nelumbo nucifera, native to the region, thrives with its unique adaptations, symbolizing purity and spiritual enlightenment in various religions. Beyond its cultural and spiritual significance, the lotus holds medicinal properties, with its leaves, seeds, and rhizomes utilized for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. This plant's enduring influence is evident not only in its practical applications but also in its depiction in art, literature, and architecture across cultures. The study of the nutritional composition of the lotus rhizome reveals its moisture content (2.65%), ash (3.45%), crude fat (1.15%), crude protein (15.15%), crude fiber (3.70%), crude carbohydrates (13.23%), starch (8.7%), vitamin C (29.3 mg), calcium (40 mg), iron (0.9 mg), phosphorous (53 mg), and potassium levels (273 mg), offering insights into its potential health benefits. This study provides a condensed overview of Charsadda's historical significance, diverse flora, the cultural importance of the lotus plant, its medicinal and nutritional value, and its enduring impact on human creativity and well-being.
