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Source publication
Numerous studies have addressed the issue of English words in the context of their adaptation, but there still exists the need for a systematic perspective on English words in terms of their number and frequency of appearance. This article will outline the procedure behind the compilation process of unadapted English words in the Croatian language...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... sources (dictionaries, books, articles, etc.) on the topic of English loanwords in Croatian served as the stepping-stone to finding adequate equivalents, and, if these proved insufficient, web sources and both corpora were used to aid the search. Table 1 lists examples from the Database and sources which were used to identify their Croatian equivalents. ...Context 2
... sources (dictionaries, books, articles, etc.) on the topic of English loanwords in Croatian served as the stepping-stone to finding adequate equivalents, and, if these proved insufficient, web sources and both corpora were used to aid the search. Table 1 lists examples from the Database and sources which were used to identify their Croatian equivalents. ...Similar publications
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Citations
Aims and objectives
English has become the dominant donor language for many languages, including Croatian. Perception of English loanwords has mainly been investigated through corpus-based studies or attitude questionnaires. At the same time, normative data for unadapted English loanwords are still mainly unavailable. This study aims to fill that gap by collecting affective and lexico-semantic norms for unadapted English loanwords in Croatian.
Methodology
Valence, arousal, familiarity, and concreteness ratings for unadapted English loanwords and three types of Croatian equivalents were collected from 565 participants.
Data and analysis
Affective and lexico-semantic norms for each word on the four variables are available in the database. In addition, the relationship between different variables was examined. Finally, the differences between English loanwords and three types of Croatian equivalents (in-context, out-of-context, and adapted forms) are reported.
Findings
Valence ratings for unadapted English loanwords differed from out-of-context equivalents and adapted forms. Unadapted English loanwords were rated as more arousing than Croatian equivalents. Finally, unadapted English loanwords were less familiar and less concrete than in-context and out-of-context equivalents. The findings suggest that Croatian speakers perceive unadapted English loanwords differently on affective and lexico-semantic levels compared with Croatian equivalents.
Originality
This is the first study to provide affective and lexical norms for 391 most frequent unadapted English loanwords in Croatian.
Implications
The reported normative data will contribute to the existing knowledge about the processing of English loanwords by enabling experimental research on this topic.
The focus of this paper are English words and phrases used in Croatian which, unlike loanwords, have not undergone major adaptations at the orthographic, phonetic, or other levels apart from being influenced by the inflectional system of the recipient language. A list of English words in Croatian corpora was compiled using automatic algorithm extraction, corpus query language in Sketch Engine , and manual word list evaluation with the end goal of publishing the first comprehensive online database of English words in Croatian. The ENGRI corpus of Croatian was created by web crawling procedure and used together with the existing Croatian hrWaC 2.2 RFTagger corpus to produce a list of English words and phrases. In this paper, word list compilation issues are discussed in relation to both general issues encountered in the study of interlingual lexical types (such as false cognates, antonomasia, and polysemy) as well as Croatian‐specific language properties such as its inflectional system and diacritical marks. In conclusion, we propose that manual evaluation is an indispensable method and a necessary complement to computational linguistic tools in the creation of word lists and databases of foreign words in other languages.
