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An anisotropic tourmaline crystal (National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum -Leadville, CO; 3/18/2015; Photo by PMR).
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In order to account for the slight polarization of the continuum towards the limb, proponents of the Standard Solar Model (SSM) must have recourse to electron or hydrogen-based scattering of light, as no other mechanism is possible in a gaseous Sun. Conversely, acceptance that the solar body is comprised of condensed matter opens up new avenues in...
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Citations
... 2,4 Moreover, extreme ultraviolet polarization is essential for unlocking the magneto-optical Kerr effect 5,6 and analyzing the magnetic field vectors of solar corona. 7,8 However, the conventional extreme ultraviolet polarization systems [9][10][11][12] with complex configurations are bulky and perform poorly, due to the material absorption in the extreme ultraviolet regime. Although multilayer designs [11][12][13] improve polarization performance, they are still limited by the requirement for Brewster angle incidence. ...
Extreme ultraviolet polarizers are crucial for in-depth investigations of light–matter interaction and cutting-edge applications in modern optics. Here, we propose a strategy for extreme ultraviolet wire grid polarizers with superior performance based on vacuum guiding. Owing to the suitable material absorption and vacuum guiding effect, the designed polarizers exhibit an inverse polarization effect and achieve polarization extinction ratios exceeding 100 at various extreme ultraviolet bright lines. Furthermore, the optimized a-silicon-based and molybdenum-based wire grid polarizers achieve the average transmissivity of the target polarization over 30% and 40% at 90–110 and 50–65 nm, respectively, while maintaining a polarization extinction ratio greater than 100. Comparisons with conventional devices further validate the exceptional performance of our device.
... Over the last decades, FUV polarimetry as a powerful tool has received much attention in many fields, such as FUV ellipsometry [1], synchrotron radiation [2][3][4], free-electron laser [2,5], atomic and molecular physics [6], and solar physics [7,8]. A very important application of FUV polarimetry is to measure the magnetic field vector of the solar corona [9], which helps to understand and forecast the Sun's activities that affect telecommunications, spacecraft, and power transmission. ...
In this work, two structures of wire grid reflecting polarizers have been proposed and optimized at the target wavelength of 121.6 nm (H Lyman-α), which aims to realize compact and efficient polarizers for measuring the magnetic field vector of the solar corona. Both structures are based on a high reflective patterned Al/MgF2 bi-layer on top of an absorbent substrate, and a layer of MgF2 is sandwiched in the Al gaps to prevent it from being oxidized. Two promising solutions were selected, exhibiting a polarization degree of more than 99.99% and a TE-reflectance over 0.3. Their sensitivity to nanowire parameters has been carried out to evaluate manufacturing feasibility. The angular and spectral performance demonstrated that such polarizers have the large potential to significantly contribute to the future far-ultraviolet (FUV) instruments.
... Polarimetry in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength range is a technique that has recently grown in importance in many fields of modern science, including FUV/EUV ellipsometry [1], characterization and control of the beam polarization in synchrotrons [2]- [4] and free-electron laser sources [2], [5]- [8], and solar physics [9], [10]. A very interesting application in which the FUV polarimetry finds large employment is the measurement of solar magnetic field vector in the solar corona made via the Hanle effect [11] by using observation from space. ...
Polarimetry in the far ultraviolet (FUV) is a powerful tool in many applications such as UV/EUV ellipsometry, characterization and control of the beam polarization status in large scale facilities and solar physics. FUV polarizers are among the most difficult components to manufacture, mainly due to the lack of dichroic and transparent materials in this spectral range. Although many different solutions for their fabrication have been investigated in the last decades, surprisingly, the use of Wire Grid Polarizers (WGPs) is still poorly investigated in this spectral region. In this work, two different concepts of WGPs have been designed and optimized for the FUV range: one is based on absorptive nano-wires on top of an highly reflective substrate, and the second one is based on highly reflective nano-wires on top of an absorptive substrate. Different wires’ shapes have been considered and relative structures optimized at a target wavelength of 121.6 nm. Two very promising solutions have been selected, which exhibit a polarization degree over 99.9% and a TE-reflectance over 0.2. Their sensitivity to the wires’ dimension parameters have been investigated to assess their feasibility.
