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An adult male Anoplodesmus saussurii of about 25 mm total length at the Singapore Botanic Gardens in the morning of 25 Nov.2011.
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Two species of polydesmid millipedes: Anoplodesmus saussurii (Humbert) and Chondromorpha xanthotricha (Attems) are reported for the first time in Singapore. Both are believed to be non-native to the country, and appear to have recently arrived with imported plants and compost.
Context in source publication
Context 1
... -Length 21-33 mm, width 3,5-4,8 mm, body large and very broad. General colouration of adult individuals is shiny dark brown to black (Figs. 1, 2). Ventral part of collum and rounded short paraterga are bright yellow, and legs are light brown. The metaterga are smooth with a deep transverse groove (Fig. 3). The male gonopods are of unique shape (Fig. 4). Remarks. -Anoplodesmus saussurii is probably native to Southern India or Ceylon and was introduced to the Pacific islands of ...
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... The acropodite is pointed and distinct from the solenomere, which is short and enclosed by the solenophore (Fig. 14). The gonopods of our male specimen are identical to those presented by Decker and Tertilt (2012), confirming species identification. ...
This study examines Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes in Gujarat, India, focusing on taxonomic diversity, distribution patterns, and behaviours. It highlights a new species, Chondromorpha lakroda sp. nov., along with five known species. The study observed intriguing behaviours such as swarming, and escape mechanisms, indicating adaptive strategies for predator protection and resource acquisition. The discovery of C. lakroda sp. nov. in sandy loam soil near the river Sabarmati highlighted unique characteristics contributing to their survival and defensive capabilities. This study enhances our understanding of paradoxosomatid species distributions in Gujarat and emphasizes the ecological significance of millipedes as ancient soil invertebrates. Further research should thoroughly explore their diversity and ecological contributions in terrestrial ecosystems.
... Several paradoxosomatid species are reported in regions where the taxon does not occur natively (Nguyen and Sierwald 2013), mainly as a result of introductions associated with seedling trade, gardening, cultivation of ornamental plants, and soil transport (Stoev et al. 2010;Iniesta et al. 2021). Among these anthropically dispersed species, Chondromorpha xantrotricha (Attems, 1898), supposedly native to Sri Lanka and southern India (Nguyen and Sierwald 2013;Sankaran and Sebastian 2017), has been considered an alien species occurring in Southeast Asia, North and Central America (United States, Costa Rica, Panama, and Antilles), Mesoamerica (Mexico), the Caribbean and northern South America (Ecuador, Suriname, and Venezuela) (Jeekel 1963;Shelley and Lehtinen 1998;Hoffman 1999;Jeekel 2002;Shelley and Cupul-Magaña 2007;Decker and Tertilt 2012;Nguyen and Sierwald 2013;Golovatch and Wesener 2016;Likhitrakarn et al. 2017). ...
The millipede Chondromorpha xanthotricha, supposedly native to Sri Lanka and southern India, is considered a pantropical species occurring in Southeast Asia, North America, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, Central America and northern South America. Here we report the first record of this species for Brazil, in the central Amazon region of the country, with taxonomic notes and images of male and female specimens.
KEYWORDS:
Myriapoda; introduced species; millipede; South America; cyphopods
... We do not know if this invertebrate species has the potential to supply alkaloids to anurans in order to retain these toxins in their skin or in paratoid glands. The millipede was identified following the descriptions of Shelley and Lehtinen (1998) and Decker and Tertilt (2012). This millipede is known to cause epidermal lesions in humans (Haddad et al. 2000, Cardoso et al. 2003 and is widely distributed in urban areas Lehtinen 1998, 1999). ...
... We do not know if this invertebrate species has the potential to supply alkaloids to anurans in order to retain these toxins in their skin or in paratoid glands. The millipede was identified following the descriptions of Shelley and Lehtinen (1998) and Decker and Tertilt (2012). This millipede is known to cause epidermal lesions in humans (Haddad et al. 2000, Cardoso et al. 2003 and is widely distributed in urban areas Lehtinen 1998, 1999). ...
... The seven tropical tramp species found in the collections of the Museum "La Specola" have been introduced on this island by human activity. Millipedes are often introduced along with soil or plants (Decker and Tertilt 2012). The previously known tramp species are widespread on Madagascar (Enghoff 2003, Wesener 2014a) and along with the three new records, they account for > 25% of the millipede collection of the Museum "La Specola", which clearly demonstrates human influence on this island. ...
A large collection of millipedes (Diplopoda) from Madagascar, belonging to the Museum “La Specola”
in Florence, Italy were investigated. The collection includes three new species of the giant pill-millipede
genus Zoosphaerium Pocock, 1895 which are described here as Zoosphaerium mangabe Wesener, sp. nov.,
Z. bartolozzii Anilkumar & Wesener, sp. nov., and Z. taitii Anilkumar & Wesener, sp. nov., all belonging
to the Z. coquerelianum species group. The latter two are currently only known from a single site.
Other specimens belonging to eight orders (Polyxenida, Sphaerotheriida, Polyzoniida, Siphonophorida,
Chordeumatida, Polydesmida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida) are listed. Three tropical tramp species,
Pseudospirobolellus avernus (Butler, 1876), Glyphiulus granulatus Gervais, 1847, and Chondromorpha xanthotricha
(Attems, 1898) are recorded for the first time from Madagascar. New locality data is provided for
Zoosphaerium neptunus (Butler, 1872), Z. villosum Wesener & Sierwald, 2005, Z. blandum (de Saussure
& Zehntner, 1897), Sphaeromimus musicus (de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897), Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock,
1894), Hylekobolus andasibensis Wesener, 2009, Aphistogoniulus infernalis Wesener, 2009, Ostinobolus rufus
Wesener, 2009, Ostinobolus subterraneus Wesener, 2009, Dactylobolus bivirgatus (Karsch, 1881), and
Eumekius antimena (de Saussure & Zehntner, 1901).
... It is also known from a few scattered localities in southern Texas (Shelley and Cupul-Magaña, 2007). Photographs of this species, as well as its gonopods from specimens collected in Singapore and Thailand, are provided in Decker and Tertilt (2012) and Likhitrakarn et al. (2017), respectively. The cosmopolitan ''hothouse or greenhouse milliped'' is native to Asia, and introduced to North America where it is ubiquitous throughout the lower 48 states and southern Canada. ...
Introduced (or exotic) species are any taxa living outside their native range. The ecological impact of these species is highly variable although many have altered, at the ecosystem level, biological communities and their native fauna. Millipeds (Diplopoda) are known to have arrived into many nonnative sites via potted plants and compost from greenhouses. Here, we provide a summary of the introduced millipeds of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.
... Incorrect names for this millipede species circulated, e.g., Harpaphehaydeniana and Orthomorphaweberi, probably based on the superficial similarity in the colour pattern of Anoplodesmussaussurii which is a common among millipede of the order Polydesmida. In 2010 this species was identified as Anoplodesmus saussurii (Decker & Tertilt 2012). Diagnosis: Length 2 cm, width 2 mm, body large and very broad with a hardened exoskeleton colour dark brown to black in adults (Fig. 6). ...
Millipedes are ancient soil invertebrates and have a significant impact on the soil due to burrowing. They belong to the order Diplopoda, and are often confused with centipedes. The millipede fauna of India is only poorly known and the records and descriptions are widely scattered in the literature. Indian Fauna of Diplopoda is represented by 11 orders, 20 families, and about 120 genera and 500 species. The present study deals with scantily studied fauna. It reported three millipede species Oxidus gracilis (C.L.Koch,1847), Anoplodesmus saussurii (Humbert,1865), Asiomorpha coarctata (De Saussure,1860) of the order Polydesmida and the family Paradoxosomatidae for the first time recorded from Narmada and Tapi estuarine area of Bharuch and Surat Districts, Gujarat, India. This present study provides an updated species distribution and taxonomical status of Diplopods in India since the late 20 th century. The study should be regarded as an invitation for future as taxonomic and diversity studies on the Indian millipede fauna.
... Originating from Asia, it is considered as invasive in Florida, Louisiana and the Galapagos Islands [40,49]. It is usually observed foraging on the soil surface feeding on litter residues but its capacity to feed on compost was also reported [12]. D. bolaui is described as an epi-endogeic earthworm species [27,48]. ...
... Thirteen species are only known from the adjacent countries, Malaysia and Indonesia, and 13 species are widespread in Southeast Asia or known to be tropical tramps. Two species are new to the Singaporean fauna: Anoplodesmus saussurii (Humbert, 1865) and Chondromorpha xanthotricha (Attems, 1898) (see Decker & Tertilt, 2012). For 11 species, their records or taxonomic statuses are doubtful. ...
... -First record of Anoplodesmus saussuri for Singapore. Since 2009, this species has appeared in several parks and gardens in Singapore in large numbers, often in massive aggregations (Decker & Tertilt, 2012). Chondromorpha xanthotricha (Attems, 1898) Fig. 9 New records. ...
... Chondromorpha xanthotricha (Attems, 1898) Fig. 9 New records. -Woodlands Waterfront Park; Singapore Botanic Gardens; Gardens by the Bay; Punggol Waterway Park; Residential at Dawson Road (see Decker & Tertilt, 2012) Distribution. -Widespread tropical tramp, probably native to India or Ceylon (Shelley & Lehtinen, 1998) Remarks. ...
Class Diplopoda (millipedes) is one of the major classes of phylum Arthropoda. The millipedes are slow moving, Detritivorous invertebrate animals which are found all over the world except Polar Regions. Millipede plays important role in ecosystem by forming compost of decaying leaf litter of forest. Therefore the study on millipedes must be carried out. In India about 270 species of millipedes are recorded. Because of complex identification keys and less available literature this group is mostly neglected group of invertebrate animals. Here the addition of one species i.e. Anoplodesmus saussurii to the fauna of the millipedes of Maharashtra is done which was previously recorded in West Bengal, Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.
