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Background:
The assessment of the nutritional composition and phytochemical screening of banana pseudostem (PB) and flower (FB) advocate this nonconventional food source for routine consumption, considering its various health benefits.
Objectives:
The aim is to assess the proximate nutrient composition, fatty acids, minerals, amino acid profile,...
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A field experiment with 66 spring biotypes and 9 winter biotypes of Camelina sativa was conducted in Poland in a two-year cycle (2016–2017). The quantitative profile of 8 flavonoid aglycones, 12 phenolic acids and the fatty acid profile were analysed. There were no significant differences in the concentration of total flavonoids, phenolic acids and...
Citations
... Value-added banana by-products find several food and non-food applications, such as a source of starch, pectin, cellulose; as a natural biocolorant; in biogeneration of flavor; as animal feed; as a source of dietary nutrients; and as a source of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds [6,8]. Banana pseudostem and inflorescence constitutes around 40% of the plant weight [9], thereby contributing to a major portion of banana biomass. Though identified as a great source of nutraceuticals, banana biomass has still remained underutilized [10]. ...
... Both pseudostem and inflorescence have been a part of many traditional cuisines and widely accepted as folklore medicines due to medicinal properties against hyperglycaemia, obesity control, and detoxification. Researchers have explored and established the presence of different bioactive compounds in banana pseudostem [9,11] and inflorescence [12]. Increasing number of scientific evidences are also available which investigated the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activities of banana pseudostem and inflorescence of different varieties [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. ...
... Similar tendency was visible in all the three varieties. A slightly higher phenolic content in inflorescence extracts than the pseudostem extracts was reported in previous studies [9,11]. However, Aziz et al. [32] concluded that pseudostem is more abundant in phenolic compounds when compared with that of the pulp and peel. ...
The valourization of banana by-products is an area where extensive research has been undertaken. However, there is a need to thoroughly probe into their bioactive components and nutraceutical properties for utilization in the food industry. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the phytochemical composition and nutraceutical properties of ethanolic extracts of banana pseudostem and inflorescence of three popular cultivars in Kerala, a state in South India. Palayankodan (Musa × paradisiaca Mysore AAB group), Nendran (Musa × paradisiaca AAB group), and Njalipoovan (Musa × paradisiaca AB group) were the cultivars of interest. The extracts were found to be good source of phytochemicals; total phenolic contents in the range of 7.26 to 15.34 mg GAE/ g of extract and total flavonoid content in the range of 180.71 and 618. 96 mg QE/g of the extract. Furthermore, antioxidant assays were conducted, in which all the extracts showed fair DPPH radical scavenging activity in terms of EC50 values ranging from 0.48 to 0.92 mg/mL. The pseudostem extracts showed better ABTS radical scavenging activity in comparison to the inflorescence extract in all the varieties. However, inflorescence extracts exhibited a better reducing activity. Similarly, the extracts gave promising results for anti-diabetic activity, in terms of in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Phenolics present in the extracts were identified and quantified using the HPLC analysis. The present investigation clearly showed that banana by-products are a storehouse of bioactives, with great potential to be utilized as nutraceuticals in the food industry.
... The total carbohydrate content was highest in the Karpooravalli variety (38.8%) while the Red Banana variety had the lowest carbohydrate content (20.5%) (Mydhili et al., 2022). It can be attributed to the different parts of the pseudo-stem used or the drying method used (Ramu et al., 2017). ...
... Besides being freshly consumed, it can also be incorporated into a variety of food products like dehydrated vegetables, pickles, and canned food (Mostafa, 2021). The proximate composition of banana inflorescences has been widely evaluated (Basumatary & Nath, 2018;Ramu et al., 2017;Suffi et al., 2021). The inflorescence of bananas contains a significant amount of carbohydrates and proteins, with a low-fat content and a high moisture level, indicating a short shelf life. ...
... It accounted for 84.80% of the total fatty acid concentration. Thus, it is also considered a good source of unsaturated fatty acids that can reduce the risk of heart disease (Ramu et al., 2017). Banana inflorescence has a balanced mineral composition. ...
Bananas are widely popular as a key member of the Musaceae family and also considered a rich source of several nutrients, especially bioactive compounds. Besides, bananas are extensively grown in tropical and subtropical regions and are easily available for various use cases, that is, food industry and health benefits. Other than banana, its by‐products such as peel, pseudo‐stems, leaves, and blossoms are also rich in several nutrients, for example, carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and so on. Moreover, their consumption intends to provide several therapeutic benefits, particularly the dietary fiber and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, bananas and their by‐products have been found to possess antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. In spite of countless benefits, these residues are often discarded as waste. Observing these benefits, the current review focuses on the broad range of bioactive chemical and pharmacological elements in bananas and their by‐products. Also, this work focuses on their use in several food industries. As a result of the findings, the presented review reveals several innovative aspects of bananas and their products which can be utilized as a sustainable source of income for the agriculture industry.
... Boyero, unpubl.) and the literature (López-Rojo et al., 2021;Ramu et al., 2017). Litter of Alnus had the highest quality (SLA = 10.8 ± 1.9 mm 2 mg − 1 ; N = 2.40 ± 0.08%), followed by Musa (SLA = 13.3 ± 0.5 mm 2 mg − 1 ; N 1.17 ± 0.58%) and Ficus (SLA = 10.7 ± 1.1 mm 2 mg − 1 ; N = 1.09 ± 0.09%). ...
Stream ecosystems are highly vulnerable to changes in land use and vegetation in their catchments for two reasons: firstly, they receive inputs of nutrients, contaminants and sediments through runoff; and secondly, terrestrial leaf litter is the major basal resource supporting their food webs. Leaf litter decomposition by microorganisms and detritivores is thus a key stream ecosystem process, and a valuable functional indicator of impacts associated to agriculture and other alterations of human origin. Here, we investigated the joint effects of land use changes associated to agriculture (low, medium and high intervention areas: LI, MI and HI, respectively) in a tropical lowland catchment in Panama, through a decomposition experiment using three leaf litter types differing in nativeness (Ficus insipida, native to the study area; Alnus acuminata, native to Panama but not present in the study area; and Musa balbisiana, exotic to Panama). Lowland tropical areas are often poor in litter-consuming detritivores, and we accordingly observed a high contribution of microorganisms to total decomposition (>60% on average). However, only in the presence of detritivores, decomposition of Alnus discriminated among different degrees of agricultural intervention, being higher at the LI area. Leaf litter of the native Ficus showed higher microbial decomposition than the other types, possibly in relation to a home-field advantage effect. Despite the scarcity of detritivores in tropical lowland streams compared to tropical highland or temperate streams, our study indicates that their activity reflects impacts of land use change on these streams and they should therefore be included in assessments of anthropogenic impacts.
... Banana inflorescences have been reported to exhibit health benefits, being a rich source of high-quality proteins, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and functional phytochemicals ( Bhaskar et al., 2011 ;Thaweesang, 2019 ;Lau et al., 2020 ;Ramírez-Bolaños et al., 2021 ). Moreover, the ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids of banana inflorescences is 0.54, which is higher than the WHO recommendation ( Ramu et al., 2017a ). majority of these texture-modified foods and thickened liquids lack nutritional and sensory qualities ( Keller et al., 2012 ). ...
... Results were obtained from the previous work of the authors, where the HR-LCMS analysis of the ethanol extract of M. champaka leaves was performed (Pushpa et al., 2022). Phytochemicals obtained from both positive and negative electron spray methods were taken into consideration (Supplementary Table S1a and S1b) (Ramu et al., 2017). However, it cannot be excluded that there may be margins of error in the methodology described for their phytochemical profiling of M. champaka leaves. ...
Phytochemical-based drug discovery against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the focus of the current scenario. In this context, we aimed to perform the phytochemical profiling of Magnolia champaka, an evergreen tree from the Magnoliaceae family, in order to perform a virtual screening of its phytoconstituents against different biological targets of SARS-CoV-2. The phytochemicals identified from the ethanol extract of M. champaka leaves using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) technique were screened against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6M0J), main protease/Mpro (PDB ID: 6LU7), and papain-like protease/PLpro (PDB ID: 7CMD) through computational tools. The experimentation design included molecular docking simulation, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculations. Through molecular docking simulation, we identified poncirin as a common potential inhibitor of all the above-mentioned target proteins. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculations, and PCA analysis also supported the outcomes of the virtual screening. By the virtue of all the in silico results obtained, poncirin could be taken for in vitro and in vivo studies in near future.
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
... The carbohydrate, protein, and starch content in the Banana pseudo stem is approximately (46.58%), (7.34%), and (21.06%) respectively. The total dietary fiber content of pseudo stem is (61.14%) of which the soluble dietary fiber and the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) are approximately (02.04%), and (59.10%) respectively [4]. High dietary fiber diets are effective at producing early satiety signals by lengthening the time food remains in the stomach, lowering the risk of stomach ulcers. ...
... Thus, a diet high in fiber promotes digestion, as well as waste removal and preventing constipation. This suggests that banana by-products may eventually substitute oats and sorghum as a fiber-rich food source [4]. ...
... Higher levels of flavonoids and saponins were found in the pseudo stems of two Musa spp. Bananas, Baxijiao (saponins: 0.11 g/100 g), and Paradisiacal (saponins: 0.12 g/100 g), and given these advantages, the promise of Banana pseudo stems for their healthpromoting qualities is affirmed [4]. In a study, it was observed that ascorbic acid content was high in Banana pseudo stem (8.81mg/100g) compared to other vitamins, such as vitamin E, riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, beta carotene, pyridoxine, and pantothenic acid [5]. ...
Musaceae is a perennial tree-like plant that is cultivated all over the world in various tropical and subtropical regions. The fruit, peel, leaves, pseudo-stem, stalk, and inflorescence (flower) of this plant, among other parts, are utilized in traditional medicine to treat several health problems. The banana stem juice has potential biological effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-helminthic, wound-healing, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-urolithic activities. Consequently, it can be said that banana stem juice contains adequate levels of healthy secondary metabolites that are essential for maintaining good health. To find novel approaches for treating and preventing a wide range of medical diseases, more studies into the medicinal potential of banana stem juice can be done. Hence, this review emphasizes Musaceae stem juice's medicinal and nutritional benefits as review.
... In 5 mm NMR tubes, the isolated compound was prepared using deuterated solvent and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. Chemical changes corresponding to the TMS signal were detected in CDCl 3 and expressed in parts per million (d) (Ramu et al., 2017). ...
... The eluents were measured at 254 nm with the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectrum (MS) was acquired in ESI mode using a nitrogen nebulizer gas flow of 1.5 l/min, a CDL temperature of 250 C, a block temperature of 200 C, a detector voltage of 1.6 kV, and a CDL temperature of 250 C (Ramu et al., 2017). ...
2022): Inhibitory effect of gallic acid from Thunbergiamysorensis against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, aldose reductase and their interaction: Inhibition kinetics and molecular simulations, Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, ABSTRACT In this exploration, we assessed the antihyperglycaemic properties of methanol extract of flowers of Thunbergia mysorensis (MeT) against a-glucosidase, a-amylase and aldose reductase enzymes for the effective management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia occurs when the body lacks enough insulin or is unable to correctly utilize it. MeT inhibited both the carbohydrate digestive enzymes (a-glucosidase and a-amylase) and aldose reductase, which are vital for the therapeutic control of postprandial hyperglycaemia. MeT was also found to have significant antioxidant activity. Using several spectroscopic approaches, the primary active component found in MeT was identified as gallic acid. With low Ki values, gallic acid significantly inhibited a-glucosidase (30.86 mg/mL) and a-amylase (6.50 mg/mL). Also, MeT and gallic acid both inhibited aldose reductase effectively, corresponding to an IC 50 value of 3.31 and 3.05 mg/mL. Our findings imply that the presence of polyphenol compounds (identified via HPLC analysis) is more likely to be responsible for the antihyperglycaemic role exhibited by MeT via the inhibition of a-glucosidase and the polyol pathway. Further, gallic acid interacted with the key residues of the active sites of a-glucosidase (À6.4 kcal/mol), a-amylase (À5.8 kcal/mol) and aldose reductase (À5.8 kcal/mol) as observed in the protein-ligand docking. It was also predicted that gallic acid was stable inside the binding pockets of the target enzymes during molecular dynamics simulation. Overall, gallic acid derived from MeT via bioassay-guided isolation emerges as a natural antidiabetic drug and can be taken into in vivo and clinical studies shortly. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Poovan detecting about 17% of lignin, 34% of cellulose and 2% of pectin. Ramu et al. (2017) identified the vitamins ascorbic acid, riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, vitamin E, β-carotene, pyridoxine, and pantothenic acid in Musa sp. cv. ...
... μg/mg), and catechol (12.99 μg/mg) acids from the methanolic extract; pyrocatechol (23.11 μg/mg), (+)-catechin (17.53 μg/mg), protocatechuic (42.17 μg/mg), caffeic (50.07 μg/mg), ferulic (16.88 μg/mg), and cinnamic (12.97 μg/mg) acids from the acetonic extract; and tannic (38.14 μg/mg), and chlorogenic (4.51 μg/mg) acids from the ethyl acetate extract. Ramu et al. (2017), in an ethanolic extract from the same cultivar, quantified p-hydroxybenzoic (62.68 μg/mg) and sinapic (37.06 μg/mg) acids, quercetin (6.06 μg/mg), and vanillin (7.07 μg/mg). ...
... and ashes (6.51-18.30%db), considering different cultivars and origins, as compared at Table 1 (Falowo et al., 2021;Fingolo et al., 2012;Liyanage et al., 2016;Ramu et al., 2017;Schmidt et al., 2016). This by-product is a non-conventional food plant (NCFP), since this group includes both unusual plants and non-conventional parts of already consumed plants (Sandjo et al., 2019). ...
In global exports, the commodity banana generates billions of dollars annually, a market which is accompanied by the discard of extraordinary amounts of valuable agricultural material from banana trees, mainly pseudostems, leaves, and hearts (banana inflorescence). The recovery of high-added value natural compounds from agri-food by-products is an emerging topic with plentiful research focused on extraction techniques for the biomass valorization, highlighting the circular economy concept. In this context, the present review discusses the current uses and processing of the most abundant banana tree agricultural wastes (pseudostems, leaves and inflorescence). Multiple extractives and applications were investigated considering the banana type, physical-chemical characteristics, and co-product treatments. Strategic areas for human development, such as food, pharmaceutical, civil construction, energy, and fibers, are addressed in association with the use of banana biomasses, and correlated with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Finally, the social and environmental areas mostly impacted by the green chemistry and biorefinery were also highlighted for the banana industrial chain.
... The fruit part of banana is widely used and regularly consumed due to its nutritional value and health benefits, while banana blossoms are usually unfamiliar and commonly underutilized in most parts of the world [2]. Banana blossoms, together with banana pseudo stems, are regarded as wastes [3]. Studies show that banana blossoms have great potential for their high nutritional value and medicinal benefits [4]. ...
This study evaluated the proximate composition, and content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as the potential antioxidant property of saba (Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla) banana blossoms. The banana blossom was dried at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. The sample was then extracted using 80% ethanol. The ethanolic extract of the sample was subjected to antioxidant and various characterization, including the following: i) nutritional values of the banana blossom powder, which was analyzed according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), ii) total phenol and total flavonoid content and iii) antioxidant test using, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. The results revealed that the sample contains a high amount of ash, fiber, protein, and carbohydrate and a low amount of fat. The Total Phenolic Content and Flavonoid Concentration of extract revealed an abundant reservoir of compounds, the concentration 500 mcg/mL, exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity of banana blossom ethanolic extract, suggesting a dose-dependent activity. Further investigation using other in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assay is recommended to confirm the potential use of saba (Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla) banana blossom as an antioxidant.
... The ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids required by the human body in banana inflorescences is 0.54 [36], which is greater than the amount advised for adults by the WHO. Bhaskar et al. [37] found that the protein content of banana inflorescences was 12.50%, which include high concentrations of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, leucine, proline, and serine. ...
... Sheng et al. [39] found that unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid accounted for more than 60% of the total fatty acids in banana inflorescences. Linoleic acid has the effect of lowering cholesterol in the body and preventing atherosclerosis [36]. This shows that banana inflorescences can be an important source of healthful UFAs, which may lower the chance of cardiovascular disease [40]. ...
... Among them, potassium is the most abundant macronutrient, ranging between 33.52 and 55.2 mg/kg [41]. The next most abundant macronutrients are magnesium and calcium [33,36,42], but the inflorescences also have significant concentrations of iron, copper and zinc in terms of its micro elements, while iron is an essential element in human physiology and is one of the main raw materials for hemoglobin [19]. Therefore, banana inflorescences are an important source of minerals for human beings [41]. ...
Bananas are among the world’s main economic crops and one of the world’s most-selling fresh fruits. However, a great deal of waste and by-products is produced during banana harvesting and consumption, including stems, leaves, inflorescences, and peels. Some of them have the potential to be used to develop new foods. Furthermore, studies have found that banana by-products contain many bioactive substances that have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties and other functions. At present, research on banana by-products has mainly focused on various utilizations of banana stems and leaves, as well as the extraction of active ingredients from banana peels and inflorescences to develop high-value functional products. Based on the current research on the utilization of banana by-products, this paper summarized the composition information, functions, and comprehensive utilization of banana by-products. Moreover, the problems and future development in the utilization of by-products are reviewed. This review is of great value in expanding the potential applications of banana stems, leaves, inflorescences, and peels, which will not only help to reduce waste of agricultural by-product resources and ecological pollution but will also be useful for the development of essential products as alternative sources of healthy food in the future.
