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Alternanthera piptantha: A, habit¡ B, flower within its bractlets, showing the androeciwn¡ e, tepal. (Fortunato & al.
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Se discute la nomenclatura, taxonomía y sinonimia de Amarantáceas Sudamericanas. Se describen dos nuevos géneros, Hebanthodes Pedersen, con una sola especie de Perú, H. peruviana Pedersen y Lecosia Pedersen, con dos especies del NE de Brasil, L. formicarum Pedersen y L. oppositifolia Pedersen. Además se describen siete especies nuevas, Alterna...
Citations
... To be noted that Indobanalia thyrsiflora was cited as new local record in many Floras (see Saldanha & Nicolson 1976, Rao & Razi 1981, Ramesh 1984, Mohanan 1984, Manilal 1988, Ramachandran & Nair 1988, Vajravelu 1990, Murthy & Yoganarasimhan 1990, Sasidharan & Sivarajan 1996, Pullaiah et al. 2018, Sasidharan 1998, 2002, Seetharam et al. 2000, Kumar et al. 2005, Narayanan 2009, Bhat 2014 but no detailed morphological description was given, especially concerning the structure of synflorescence and the phenotypic plasticity within populations. However, since the high taxonomic value especially of the sexual characters in the family Amaranthaceae (see e.g., Pedersen 2000, Kadereit et al. 2003, Iamonico & Jarvis 2012, Iamonico 2013, Sánchez-Del Pino & Iamonico 2016, in detailed studies of the various genera and species are necessary to clarify the taxonomy of the various taxa. As a consequence, we started a research on Indobanalia by the study of its morphology and examination of molecular variation among Indian populations. ...
Indobanalia thyrsiflora is an endemic species occurring in peninsular India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu States) and Sri Lanka. A nomenclatural study of the basionym Banalia thyrsiflora, published by Moquin-Tandon in Candolle’s Prodromus (year 1849), is carried out and the name is lectotypified on a specimen deposited at P (barcode P00609924); isolectotypes are traced at K and CAL. A preliminary morphological characterization of the species is also given, based on field surveys and examination of herbarium specimens. We noted that I. thyrsiflora is highly variable. However, we prefer to avoid, for the moment, taxonomic conclusions about the various morphotypes found, waiting the complete results of this ongoing morphological and molecular investigations.
... Alternanthera Forsskål (1775: 28) (Amaranthaceae Juss., Gomphrenoideae Schinz.) is a genus with the main center of diversity in South America (Mears 1977, Robertson 1981, Eliasson 1988, 2004, Pedersen 1997, 2000, Sánchez-del Pino et al. 2012. Few taxa are native to Africa, Asia, and Australia (Robertson 1981), whereas other ones were introduced elsewhere from the New World (Robertson 1981, Eliasson 1987) and considered as naturalized or invasive (see e.g., Iamonico et al. 2010, Iamonico & Sánchez-del Pino 2012) mainly colonizing wetlands, which are the most threatened ecosystems in the world (see e.g., , Gomarasca et al. 2013. ...
A new species of Alternanthera from Kerala (SW-India), named Alternanthera indica, is described and illustrated. A detailed description, photographs, and drawings are provided. The new species resembles A. carcasana, A. paronychioides var. robusta, A. pungens, A. sessilis, and A. tenella for sharing habit and sessile synflorescences, but it differs from these species in several characters (i.e. shape and size of leaves, sepal length and hairiness, and appendages on the androecial tube margin and length).
A taxonomic account of the genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir
is presented here. The genus is represented by four species in the Union Territory i.e., Alternanthera philoxeroides
Griseb., A. sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC., A. pungens Kunth and A. paronychioides A.St.-Hil. of which A. paronychioides
and A. pungens are recorded for the first time from the Union Territory and Kashmir region, respectively. A brief
description, updated nomenclature, key to the species, phenology and representative photographs are provided in
the present communication.
Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) is a diverse genus largely restricted to the American Tropics that belongs to the alternantheroid clade containing C4 and C3–C4 intermediate species. This research focuses on the study of pollen characters by studying 13 species, representatives of the two major clades and subclades of Alternanthera. General palynological comparisons were conducted with light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for exine ultrastructure. Twenty-five characters were measured and described for Alternanthera and among these, 14 pollen characters were used to discriminate pollen groups using cluster analysis and canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP). Pollen form and ornamentation, pores number, spines length, number of ektexinous bodies and nanospines on the ektexinous bodies on pore membranes, arrangement of nanopores and spines on structural elements, and metareticula form were taxonomically important and therefore used to construct the first palynological key to the alternantheroid clade species. Our study indicates that the seemingly subtle morphological variation of pollen is useful for recognising three main pollen types within Alternanthera. The much needed palynological terminology for describing the mesoporium in the metareticulate pollen of Amaranthaceae is provided.
The Caryophyllales constitute a major lineage of flowering plants with approximately 12500 species in 39 families. A taxonomic backbone at the genus level is provided that reflects the current state of knowledge and accepts 749 genera for the order. A detailed review of the literature of the past two decades shows that enormous progress has been made in understanding overall phylogenetic relationships in Caryophyllales. The process of re-circumscribing families in order to be monophyletic appears to be largely complete and has led to the recognition of eight new families (Anacampserotaceae, Kewaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Macarthuriaceae, Microteaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae), while the phylogenetic evaluation of generic concepts is still well underway. As a result of this, the number of genera has increased by more than ten percent in comparison to the last complete treatments in the Families and genera of vascular plants” series. A checklist with all currently accepted genus names in Caryophyllales, as well as nomenclatural references, type names and synonymy is presented. Notes indicate how extensively the respective genera have been studied in a phylogenetic context. The most diverse families at the generic level are Cactaceae and Aizoaceae, but 28 families comprise only one to six genera. This synopsis represents a first step towards the aim of creating a global synthesis of the species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales integrating the work of numerous specialists around the world.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) in Italy is here presented. Field surveys were carried out during the period 2007-2013.36 Herbaria (both European and American) were consulted as well as extensive literature was analysed. Four taxa are recognized, all of them to be considered aliens native to South America. Information about nomenclature (accepted names, main synonyms, and types), morphology, chromosome number, alien status (at national and regional levels), occurrence in Italy (at regional and provincial scale), ecology (preferential habitat, phenology, and elevation), taxonomical notes, and Italian vernacular names were provided for each taxon. A diagnostic key was given. For the nomenclatural purposes the generic name Alternanthera and its type was discussed, and the names A. paronychioides, and A. pungens were studied and typified (lecto-, and neotype respectively) on specimens preserved at PH, and P.
Jamesbondia is formally proposed here as a new subgenus of Alternanthera, a large Neotropical genus, with four species [A. costaricensis Kuntze, A. geniculata Urb., A. olivacea Urb., and A. serpyllifolia (Poir.) Urb.], mostly found in Central America and the Caribbean Islands. In a recent phylogeny using internal transcribed spacer (ITS), trnL-F, and rpl16 data and samples of three of the four species listed above, an unpublished genus Jamesbondia was embedded within Alternanthera. The other three species (not A. costaricensis) clustered in a clade with 97% jackknife (JK) support. Here, to determine the position of A. costaricensis within Alternanthera and taxonomically revise the species in subgenus Jamesbondia, we analyzed ITS, trnL-F, and rpl16 data from GenBank accessions for 31 species and our new molecular data for A. costaricensis to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree confirming that A. costaricensis belongs to the Jamesbondia clade (88–97% JK; 0.88–1.0 posterior probability). Alternanthera costaricensis, Telanthera olivacea Urb., and Achyranthes serpyllifolia Poir. were lectotypified, and we document the distribution of A. costaricensis in Mexico for the first time. Insight from nomenclatural notes, taxonomic descriptions, morphological illustrations, distribution, and a key for species of Jamesbondia provided here will be used to propose a new subgeneric classification of Alternanthera.
The monophyletic genus Pedersenia comprises eleven species in the Neotropics, one of which, P. volubilis, is here described as new to science, being an endemic of mixed semi-deciduous Bolivian-Tucuman Interandean lower sub-humid forest at mid elevations of the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Among the liana species of Pedersenia, it differs by twining stems, synflorescences constituted by terminal stems of several metres and small, lanceolate leaves. It is also characterised by two synapomorphic substitutions in the matK CDS. Sequence data of trnK/matK show considerable divergence between morphologically very similar liana species of tropical evergreen broad-leaved forests from different geographical regions. The phylogeny suggests the only self-sustaining tree-like species from the dry inter-Andean valleys to be derived from lianas. Allopatric speciation fostered by the ecological and geographical differentiation of the forest communities may have led to morphologically cryptic species, underscoring the need for an integrated morpho-molecular revision of the genus Pedersenia.
