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... Despite successful research in approaches to hoist planning, few studies have researched hoist controls for ongoing high-rise projects, as shown in Table 1 [3,18,19]. Those studies developed hardware such as hoist monitoring device to assist hoist control but did not deal with the control method. ...
Construction hoists at most building construction sites are manually controlled by human operators using their intuitions; as a result, unnecessary trips are often made when multiple hoists are operating simultaneously and/or when complicated hoist calls are requested. These trips increase a passenger's waiting time and lifting time, reducing the lifting performance of the hoists. To address this issue, the authors develop an autonomous hoist supported by a deep Q-network (DQN), a deep reinforcement learning method. The results show that the DQN algorithm can provide better control policy in complicated real-world hoist control situations than previous control algorithms, reducing the waiting time and lifting time of passengers by up to 86.7%. Such an automated hoist control system helps shorten the project schedule by increasing the lifting performance of multiple hoists at high-rise building construction sites.
... Indeed, some researchers have Table 1 Common types of information required in the field of temporary vertical transportation systems. [16] Tower crane Lifting-path tracking system Planning optimization ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ [25] Construction liftcar toolkit ✓ ✓ [12] Operation optimization ✓ ✓ ✓ [5] Zoning optimization ✓ ✓ ✓ [13] Operation optimization ✓ ✓ ✓ [26] Operation optimization ✓ ✓ ✓ [27] Overlapping configuration ✓ ✓ ✓ [28] Inclined construction hoist ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ [29] Zoning-based optimization already made advances in the estimation of demands on temporary vertical transportation systems using BIM (e.g., tower cranes [8,9,14,31], concrete pumps [31]). In their work, the information including the location, weight, and dimension of building elements was retrieved from BIM models, and associated with project schedules to generate vertical transportation demands. ...
The temporary vertical transportation systems used during the construction of high-rise buildings, including tower cranes, temporary elevators, and concrete pumps, have a significant effect on the cost of a project. If they are under designed, they lead to project delays, which are expensive. If they are over designed, then they cost more to construct than necessary. The accurate estimation of vertical transportation demands is necessary to optimally determine the temporary vertical transportation systems required. The current demand estimation process is mostly manual and, therefore, time-consuming and prone to errors. In this paper, a methodology to estimate vertical transportation demands during the construction of high-rise buildings is proposed, that is automated and, therefore, both faster and less prone to errors than the current manual process. The methodology exploits building information modeling (BIM), and improves estimates by explicitly considering (1) the demands related to the transportation of temporary construction systems (i.e., formwork, shoring and scaffolding systems), auxiliary construction resources (e.g., tools, equipment), construction waste, and construction workers, (2) the demands in different construction zones, (3) the demands for inter-floor transportation and transportation to non-construction locations, (4) the demands handled by all vertical transportation systems, and their availability in these over time. Four items that have not been simultaneously considered in previous research. The methodology is demonstrated by using it to estimate the vertical transportation demands for the construction of a 36-story high-rise reinforced concrete building. It is shown that the new process is faster and more accurate, and can be easily adjusted to account for changes.
... Operation planning and optimization are major factors to determine the productivity of the automated lifting process. Sin et al. [19,20] proposed an unmanned smart lifting system and devised an optimized operation algorithm for twin or multi-cage lifts, which can reduce work hours and traffic queues. Cho et al. [21] provided a simulation method of construction hoists to calculate the lifting cycle time according to lifting heights and loads, and to generate an optimal hoist operating plan. ...
... Reference Implementation of unmanned construction equipment and aircraft [6][7][8] Adoption of vision-based technology for monitoring [7,8] Improvement of the situation awareness and reaction of the operator [7] Improvement of the real-time communication for remote operations and among the machines [7,8] Adoption of AI and machine learning technology to support variations in machine and material [7,8] Improvement of automatic pile shape and geometry classification with the technology of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) [7,8] Development of autonomous loading algorithms and the method of fragmented rock loading [7,8] Future directions Reference 1. Sub-theme: Automated construction system Simplification of the construction and dismantling of the temporary structure [10,11] Improvement of the delivery efficiency [10,11] Extension of the functions to be applicable for special-shaped building construction beside rectangular ones [12] Development of a light-weight system [13] Improvement of the simulation method [13] 2. Sub-theme: Automated lifting system Implementation of RFID and USN technologies to improve the management [17] Optimization of the communication among the lifts, workers and the control system [19,20] Improvement of the operation planning to adapt to various condition changes and lift unit changes [22] 3. Sub-theme: Robot-based steel assembly system Extension of the functions to be applicable for special-shaped building construction beside rectangular ones [24] Development of complete robotic automation steel assembly system [26] Estimation and minimization of the shock of wire-suspended objects and development of robots that can absorb tremendous shock from heavy swinging objects [30] Improvement of the actuator for the alignment end-effector [32] Development of intuitionally joystick to improve operational performance [34] Adoption of AR and haptic technology to improve the working environment [34] The research on the sub-phase of automated faç ade installation is also on the way to teleoperation and autonomous operation to avoid human operators working in high places. Besides the remote operation techniques for human-robot cooperative manipulation, the development of algorithms and control strategies, and the implementation of related sensors will also improve the motion precision and installation performance. ...
Automation and robotics technology is expected to improve the productivity of the construction industry as well as to solve problems such as labor shortage and safety risks, especially for high-rise buildings. Substantial research efforts have been devoted to the field over the past decades, while the application rate at the construction sites is still limited. Although various reviews have summarized the research topics and future trends in this field, few research efforts have been made on a consideration of both academic research and practical application in the industry. Focusing on high-rise building construction, this study explores the development of both academic research and practical application of automation and robotics based on literature and market review. Scientometric and critical literature reviews were conducted to identify and analyze the development of key research areas based on academic publications from the 1980s to present. In the meantime, the development of basic technologies was summarized. The market review surveyed on existing products and developers of construction automation and robotics. By comparing the results of the literature review and market review, four development patterns of academic research and product application were identified, i.e., simultaneous development led by the same party, development at a similar pace with the two sides taking the lead in different aspects, academic research providing basic technologies for product development, and available technologies in academic research with no products found. Then three gaps in this field, i.e., the gap between academic research and products, the gap between products and application, and the gap between the construction industry and the robotics industry, were discussed with corresponding suggestions to narrow the gaps, followed by an outlook for future directions. This study contributes to the knowledge body by identifying and analyzing the key research areas and the development gaps systematically.
