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The endoscopic examination is widely used and also the the gold standard in lower gastrointestinal system (LGIS) in the diagnosis and treatment of mucosal pathology. Colon and rectum often hosts premalignant lesions and relatively easily accessible organs. Therefore, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a early detectable disease. And to prevent the developm...
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Gastroscopy and colonoscopy are widely used for the early diagnosis of stomach and colorectal cancer. The present revision integrates recent data regarding previous quality indicators and novel indicators suggested for gastroscopy and colonoscopy procedures for the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea. The new indicators, developed by the Qua...
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... [5] The mucosal lesions can be patchy or diffuse, localized or widespread, or in the form of hyperemia, erosions, ulcers, diverticulum, polyps or masses. [6] Other indications for a colonoscopy include investigation of suspected colorectal malignancy, unexplained weight loss, unexplained anemia, iliac or lumbar pain/swelling, positive faecal occult blood test, abnormalities detected on other imaging tests such as double-contrast barium enema, abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography scan, or magnetic resonance imaging. [4,7] Colonoscopy with mucosal biopsy however remains the gold standard procedure for diagnosing lower gastrointestinal disorders. ...
... The total number of the histopathological analysis performed on mucosal biopsies obtained from colonoscopy over the 7-years period under review is relatively low when compared with similar studies in Nigeria and other nations of the world [ Table 6]. [6,[14][15][16] Although there was an initial rise in the number which reached a peak in 2019 but declined in 2020 and was very low in 2022. ...
... In this study, there were more males than females; and this pattern of gender distribution is similar to what was reported in similar studies both locally and internationally. [14,17,18] The mean age of the patients in this study (59.8 years) is higher than that reported by Umana et al. [14] (53.8 years) in Benin City, Nigeria, Ray-Ofor and Ibeanusi [8] (53.5 years) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Yanik et al. [6] (53 years) in Turkey, Dakubo et al. [16] (50.9 years) in Accra, Ghana, Dinesh et al. [19] (43 years) in India and Fikadu et al. [18] (43.3 years) in Ethiopia but similar to that reported by Kidwai and Sharma [15] (59.6 years) in Nepal [ Table 6]. The relatively older age found in this study could be due to the fact that the study was conducted in a rural population with a large proportion of elderly individuals who had colonoscopy done on account of symptoms suggestive of colorectal malignancy which is known to be more prevalent with advanced age. ...
Background/Aim:
Colonoscopy with histopathological analysis of mucosal biopsy samples remains the gold standard procedure for diagnosing lower gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to determine the pattern of histopathological findings of mucosal biopsies obtained at colonoscopy over a 7‑year period and to correlate the histological findings with the clinical profile of the patients. Methods:
This was a retrospective study conducted in a healthcare facility in southwestern Nigeria. The Histology reports from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2022, were retrieved from the histopathology department of the institution to obtain the following information for analysis: age, gender, year of
the test, presenting complaint, provisional clinical diagnosis, colonoscopy diagnosis, and histological diagnosis.
Results: The data of a total number of 81 patients were analyzed; 51 males (63.0%) and 30 females (37.0%) with a male‑to‑female ratio of 1.7–1. The age range of the patients was 30–86 years with a mean (±standard deviations) age of 59.87 ± 14.44. The most common indication for colonoscopy was hematochezia (23 (28.4%)) followed by change in bowel habit (16 [19.8%]), constipation (11 [13.6%]), and tenesmus (10 [12.3%]). Large
bowel masses suggestive of cancers were the most common colonoscopy finding in the study subjects (36 [44.4%]). Colorectal cancer was the most common histologic abnormality in the study subjects (26 [32.1%]) followed by chronic nonspecific colitis (8 [9.9%]), polyps (7 [8.6%]), adenomas (5 [6.2%]) and acute on chronic colitis (5 [6.2%]). Twenty‑two (27.2%) patients had normal histologic findings. Patients aged between 45 and 64 years had the highest prevalence of colorectal cancer (13 [50.0%]). Conclusion: Colorectal cancer was the most common
histopathological finding in this study and the patients were mostly within the middle‑age group. Early screening colonoscopy is therefore recommended, and histopathological analysis of the mucosal specimens obtained is essential for early detection of premalignant lesions.
Keywords: Colonoscopy, colorectal cancer, histology, mucosal biopsy, Nigeria.
... Proctosigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are the examinations of choice for diagnosing and treating patients with haematochezia [7] . The endoscopic examination along with histopathology is the gold standard medical approach for diagnosing and treating mucosal pathology in the lower gastrointestinal system [8] . Endoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic medical treatment that uses an endoscope to directly visualise any portion of the inside of the body [9] . ...
... Yanik S. et al. [13] in his study at Turkey found that colitis was the predominant lesion contributing for 63% cases of study population. In a study by Mohamed AR et al. [14] in Saudi, they found that chronic nonspecific colitis was the second most common lesion constituting of 07% cases. ...
... There is wide variation in the incidence of tuberculous colitis. We had 07% cases while Tendon and prakash et al. [17] found 75% cases of tuberculous colitis and Mohamed AR et al. [14] found only 0.60% cases of tuberculous colitis. It might be due to geographical variation, influence of local factors and endemicity of TB bacilli. ...
... In the present study, crohn's disease accounts for 03% cases of study population while crohn's disease accounts for 0.19% cases in the studies by Mohamed AR et al. [14] and Al-Nakib B. et al. [18] We found 4% Hyperplastic polyp and 1% Lipomatous polyp. These findings are well correlated with findings of Yanik S. et al. [13] , where they found 2% Hyperplastic polyp and 0.74% submucosal Lipomatous polyp. ...
Introduction: Lesions of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract account for a substantial source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. GIT endoscopy along with biopsy is an established procedure for investigating a wide range of gastrointestinal conditions. It is not only used to diagnose malignant and inflammatory lesions but is also used for monitoring the course, extent of the disease, response of the therapy and early detection of complications. Hence, endoscopy along with biopsy examination facilitates the diagnosis and early management. Methodology: Patients with lower GI tract lesions were included in the study. Endoscopic biopsies were processed for tissue processing. Haematoxlyne and Eosin stained sections were studied. Observations: Of the 202 colonoscopic biopsies studied, sex ratio was 1.3:1. Study population comprises of cases ranging from 6 months up to 84 years. Diarrhoea of chronic duration was the predominant clinical presentation among 27% of cases. Ulcerated lesion was the commonest endoscopic finding seen among 33% cases. On endoscopic examination, 17% cases had proliferative growth, 14% cases had polypoidal growth and 06% cases showed stricture. Rectum was the commonest site of involvement seen among 38% cases. Non-neoplastic lesions were 119 (59%), benign were 16 (08%) and malignant were 67 (33%). Chronic nonspecific colitis was the predominant non-neoplastic lesion seen among 34% cases. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest malignant lesion contributing for 85% of malignant lesions of lower GIT. Conclusion: Colonoscopy with biopsy examination is the gold standard tool for the diagnosis of lower GI lesions. It is simple, safe, and relatively less invasive with high accuracy. Keywords: Endoscopy, Colonoscopy, Lower GIT, Colorectal cancer, Biopsy.
... Serdar et al., (2014), 22 observed that (65.92%) male in the age group of 45 years were commonly affected with colon cancer, of which adenocarcinoma (6.67%) histology was majority. A study by Azadeh S. et al.,(2008) 23 done in West Iran showed that the mean age and incidence of males affected with CRC was 54.3±14.5 in comparison to females and the commonest histology type being adenocarcinoma. ...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy with high mortality
rate and majority of them are diagnosed with endoscopic biopsy. Further, it
requires markers to predict survival and treatment. Human epidermal growth
factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor
family having tyrosine kinase activity. Its gene amplification and over expression
play an important role in the development and progression of certain cancer types.
Targeted therapy against HER2/neu positive cases is well-established in breast
and gastric carcinoma but its prevalence and significance in colon cancer is not
well documented. We wanted to evaluate the commonest location of colorectal
cancer, its prevalence as per age, sex, morphological type, and expression of
HER2/neu by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
METHODS
A total of 84 paraffin wax embedded colonoscopy biopsies were studied which
comprised of neoplastic lesions, out of which 46 cases of CRC were studied for
HER2/neu IHC and scoring was done according to the ASCO/CAP (American
Society of Clinical Oncology / College of American Pathologists) for HER2 Test
guideline recommendation 2013.
RESULTS
The commonest cancer was adenocarcinoma NOS type; predominantly seen in the
left side of colon; in patients over of 50 years of age with male preponderance.
Out of 46 cases included for IHC, expression of HER2/neu with positive score 3+
(6.52%), having cytoplasmic and membranous staining was seen in moderately
and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Equivocal score 2+ (26.09%) with
membranous staining was found in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to prominent membranous staining in higher stages and grades of colorectal
cancer, Herceptin therapy could be helpful in patients with distant metastasis.
... et al. (14.6%) [14] in the general population. contrary to the findings of other authors, who observed a similar incidence of mild colorectal lesions in both genders [10,15], in our study they were more numerous in men, similarly to the general population [10,16,17]. however, this difference was of no statistical significance. ...
Background . The prevalence of adenomas which cause acromegaly is estimated at 50–70 mln people. They secrete excess of growth hormone and increase the risk of benign and malignant tumours. Intestinal tumours are considered the most common types of lesion. In order to diagnose them early, a colonoscopic examination should be performed every 2–3 years.
Objectives. The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of the performed colonoscopies in acromegaly patients, and to assess their applicability in the detection of neoplastic lesions of the colon.
Material and methods . The study involved 69 patients with acromegaly (26 M, 43 F), aged 26–83 years (mean 58.9 ± 11.0). The authors analyzed medical records and the results of additional tests.
Results . Colonoscopy was performed in 30 patients (43.5% of cases), was well tolerated and without serious complications. 70% of colonoscopies revealed polyps of the colon and 6.7% revealed colon carcinoma. In 9 patients (30% of conducted studies) colonoscopy examination showed no pathological changes. Only in 4 cases the test was performed more than once.
Conclusions . Current recommendations regarding colonoscopic examinations in all acromegaly patients are implemented in less than half of the cases. Recommendations relating to colonoscopy being repeated every 2–3 years are followed occasionally.
Colonoscopy is a diagnostic test of great significance. In 70% of cases it enables the detection and removal of pathological lesions of the colon. As a low-invasive, safe and well-tolerated examination it should be performed in all patients. GPs should make acromegaly patients aware of the importance of colonoscopy and refer them for periodic follow-up examinations.
