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The renovation and refurbishment market is rapidly expanding in the construction industry. The regeneration and transformation of cities from the industrial age (unsustainable) to the knowledge age (sustainable) is essentially a "whole life cycle" process consisting of: planning, development, operation, reuse and renewal. Advanced digital mapping t...
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Citations
... Traduz com precisão as dimensões do ambiente construído, mesmo para edificações com múltiplos pisos. Arayici et al. (2006) o uso do laser scanning possui vantagens e desvantagens -ver quadro 3, que importa reter. Para os autores, o modelo BIM as-built resultante do scanning a laser é um elemento importante no processo de tomada de decisão sobre intervenções em edifícios históricos. ...
... Quadro 3 -Vantagens e desvantagens do uso do laser scanning (Arayici et al., 2006) 3D laser scanning ...
RESUMO O ciclo de vida (CV) de uma edificação é composto por várias etapas: projecto, construção, operação, manutenção e por fim demolição/reabilitação. Dentre as fases existentes, a de operação é a que envolve maior tempo e custo, representando em torno de 80% dos custos totais do empreendimento. Na fase de operação, a boa condição de uso das edificações é essencial para que os utilizadores possam dispor de todas as suas funcionalidades. Dados do Instituto Nacional de Estatística de Portugal apontam para que em 2011, 64% do parque edificado português tenha sido construído antes dos anos 90 possuindo uma idade média superior a 20 anos. Dessa forma, o parque habitacional encontrava-se envelhecido e degradado. Face a esta realidade, as actividades de reabilitação têm por fim conservar, recuperar e beneficiar a condição actual existente ou inicial obtida aquando do início do uso, e dessa forma, para que as actividades de reabilitação possam ser bem-sucedidas, o levantamento das informações das condições existentes da edificação é primordial. Vários estudos abordam métodos que buscam soluções para a captura de informações das edificações existentes, apontando para dificuldades e dispersão de soluções e procedimentos, traduzindo-se na falta de orientações sólidas e consistentes sob esses processos que permitam servir de referência e orientação aos utilizadores. Nesse sentido, o estudo visa identificar e caracterizar os processos BIM associados à captura e gestão das informações correntemente utilizados, de modo a identificar critérios e propostas que possibilitem aos projectistas, donos de obra e construtores uma melhor e mais expedita identificação, e consequente adoção, da solução para a captura e gestão da informação dos edifícios existentes. Palavras-chave BIM, Edifícios existentes, Captura e gestão de informação, Desafios e oportunidades
... A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t As-built model generation has attracted considerable research attention with the development of related technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) [17], laser scanners, and point cloud data [18,19,20]. By contrast, with the assumption that the project information in 2D CAD will become outdated, research on as-planned model generation has retained less attention among researchers [21], and related studies have focused on special technologies or a specific work trade such as reinforced concrete or interior finishing [10,14]. ...
The number of building information modeling (BIM)-applied construction projects has been increased with an expectation that it will transform the labor-intensive building industry into a knowledge-based one. The time and effort required for modeling vary depending on the type of work, and therefore most BIM applications focus on certain work trade of high effectiveness. In this study, we propose a quasi-automated BIM methodology that can shorten the requisite time for modeling regardless of the type of work. The method automatically generates an object-oriented BIM model based on drawing recognition and line-text extraction. To evaluate the proposed procedure, two experiments were conducted. The results show that the method attains a high accuracy in correctly defining a structural building type, and confirm completed object modeling. The proposed modeling process is expected to significantly reduce the required efforts for BIM data generation in practice, and further provide a method of knowledge utilization in the construction industry.
... The first step is the generation of the corresponding digital solid model through one of the currently available medical imaging techniques, such as computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or 3D data scanning. However, these techniques usually produce large data sets that require post-processing to produce useable output information and involve expensive hardware and sophisticated software to process the data [32]. The obtained data are then processed to create the 3D digital orthoses. ...
Orthoses (exoskeletons and fracture fixation devices) enhance users’ ability to function and improve their quality of life by supporting alignment correction, restoring mobility, providing protection, immobilisation and stabilisation. Ideally, these devices should be personalised to each patient to improve comfort and performance. Production costs have been one of the main constraints for the production of personalised orthoses. However, customisation and personalisation of orthoses are now possible through the use of additive manufacturing. This paper presents the current state of the art of additive manufacturing for the fabrication of orthoses, providing several examples, and discusses key research challenges to be addressed to further develop this field.
... Consequently, these areas are assumed to be located on a clear plot, which is due to an absence of characteristics and relevant site properties (e.g. vegetation) [10,11]. Second, the use of centroid points on surrounding windows during ray tracing analysis primarily counts on a sample of surrounding windows, which is limited to representing the area of neighbouring facades. ...
As a passive design strategy, solar envelopes play a significant role in determining building mass based on desirable sun access during a predefined period. Nowadays, advancements in the area of computational tools permit designers to develop new methods for establishing solar envelopes. However, current approaches lack an understanding of the existing environment's site characteristics, especially when dealing with geometrical information about the surrounding context. Consequently, this aspect affects the contextual analysis process during the generation of solar envelopes because of insufficient information for the relevant input of simulation modelling. With the support of geometric and radiometric properties stored in point cloud data, such as position (XYZ), colour (RGB), and reflection intensity (I), this study has proposed novel subtractive solar envelopes that specifically consider the surface properties of the existing environment. Through a subtractive mechanism, the proposed method caters to several computational frameworks such as dataset pre-processing that aims to correct erroneous measurement during scanning. In alignment with that, the proposed building's visible sun vectors, optimal normal values, and 3D polyhedra are generated for the hit-or-miss analysis of subtractive solar envelopes. Furthermore, environmental assessments consisting of insolation and glare analysis are performed on the solar envelopes' final geometry. These performance assessments aim to investigate the potential and impact of the generated solar envelopes as it pertains to the existing buildings. Ultimately, this study supports architects not only in producing a new generation of subtractive solar envelopes based on real contextual settings but also in comprehensively understanding the microclimate condition of design context.
... It is a new technical means for the protection and management of heritage buildings. [3] With the continuous development of information technology, building information models can be combined with 3D scanning, 3D printing, GIS, VR and other technologies, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] to realize a data resource platform that meets the information display, management and monitoring of cultural relic buildings. [11] Through the multi-dimensional data collaboration platform, new technology and material means have been created for the protection, repair, inheritance and development of heritage buildings. ...
... The spatial data can be obtained by using 3D scanner. By post-processing the captured spatial data, outputs for different purposes can be obtained such as CAD modeling, physical modeling by prototyping and visualization in different platforms (Arayici et al, 2006) as illustrated in figure 13. The use of these technologies is a key facilitator in the creation of an integrated system to capture, process, and display 3D information. ...
... In addition, prototypes can be used for design testing. There are research activities in rapid prototyping for the reverse engineering and design of buildings in particular historic buildings (Arayici et al, 2006). ...
Capturing and modelling 3D information of the built environment is a big challenge. Anumber of techniques and technologies are now in use. These include EDM (ElectronicDistance Measurement), GPS (Global Positioning System), and photogrammetric application,remote sensing and traditional building surveying applications. However, the use of thesetechnologies cannot be practical and efficient in regard to time, cost and accuracy.Furthermore, a multi disciplinary knowledge base, created from the studies and researchabout the regeneration aspects is fundamental: historical, architectural, archeologically,environmental, social, economic, etc. In order to have an adequate diagnosis of regeneration,it is necessary to describe buildings and surroundings by means of documentation and plans.However, at this point in time the foregoing is considerably far removed from the realsituation, since more often than not it is extremely difficult to obtain full documentation andcartography, of an acceptable quality, since the material, constructive pathologies and systemsare often insufficient or deficient (flat that simply reflects levels, isolated photographs,..).Sometimes the information in reality exists, but this fact is not known, or it is not easilyaccessible, leading to the unnecessary duplication of efforts and resources.Systems that measure range from the time-of-flight of a laser pulse have been availablefor about 25 years, so this does not constitute new technology. However, the development offast measurement (up to 10000 measurements per second) and a scanning mechanism (usingrotating mirrors) has only occurred in this decade or so. Packaging these components into arobust and reliable instrument has resulted in the innovation of a 3D laser scanner.In this chapter, we discussed 3D laser scanning technology, which can acquire highdensity point data in an accurate, fast way. Besides, the scanner can digitize all the 3Dinformation concerned with a real world object such as buildings, trees and terrain down tomillimetre detail Therefore, it can provide benefits for refurbishment process in regenerationin the Built Environment and it can be the potential solution to overcome the challengesabove. The chapter introduces an approach for scanning buildings, processing the point cloudraw data, and a modelling approach for CAD extraction and building objects classification inIFC (Industry Foundation Classes) format. The approach presented in this section can lead toparametric design and Building Information Modelling (BIM) for existing structures. In thischapter, while use of laser scanners are explained, the integration of it with varioustechnologies and systems are also explored for professionals in the Built Environment.
... Merged data clouds have sufficient points to negate the need for EDM interpolation techniques potentially providing the optimum representation of any scanned surface (Lichti, 2004). 3D laser mapping enables the recording of slight differences that exist in the physical world and has been used for a variety of sectors which range from industrial applications for process automation in automotive industry to robotics and from archaeology to virtual reality (Arayici and Hamilton, 2005a), (Li et al 2004). ...
Capturing and modelling 3D information of the built environment is a big challenge. A number of techniques and technologies are now in use. These include EDM, GPS, and photogrammetric application and also remote sensing applications. In this paper, we discussed 3D laser scanning technology, which can acquire high density point data in an accurate, fast way. Besides, the scanner can digitize all the 3D information concerned with a real world object such as buildings, trees and terrain down to millimetre detail Therefore, it can provide benefits for refurbishment process in regeneration in the Built Environment.A series of scans externally and internally allows an accurate 3D model of the building to be produced. This model can be sliced through different planes to produce accurate 2D plans and elevations. This novel technology improves the efficiency and quality of construction projects such as maintenance of buildings or group of building that are going to be renovated for new services in the Built Environment. In addition, the laser scanner technology can be used in integration with differential GPS for terrain modelling for the analysis and inspection of terrain structure accurately.In this paper, two case studies are introduced to demonstrate the use of laser scanner technology in Built Environment. These case studies are the Jactin House Building in East Manchester and the Peel building in the campus of University Salford. Through these case studies, while use of laser scanners are explained, the integration of it with various technologies and systems are also explored for professionals in both Built and Natural Environment.
This paper investigates a prospective application of point cloud data in supporting the contextual analysis of the built environment during the conceptual design process. Often, the complexity of site information causes architects to neglect several relevant properties that may affect environmental performance analysis, especially when dealing with a complex design case. For example, the current approaches of 3D site modelling lack an understanding of the site characteristics of existing environments with respect to either geometrical or material properties. With the advancement of 3D laser scanning technologies, capturing complex information from real contexts offers great possibilities for architects. From geometric and radiometric information stored within point cloud data, this study specifically proposes a novel approach to contextual analysis that considers material aspects and simulates solar radiation in the real environment. In doing so, three computational stages are developed. First, the correction of a raw dataset is designed to not only minimize errors during the scanning process but to also clean the selected dataset. Second, material exploration and the simulation of solar radiation are respectively used to calculate material properties and solar energy in the existing built environment. Third, an integrated environmental simulation aims at identifying materials found in existing areas within a certain level of insolation. As a form of design decision-making support, the present study ultimately generates a computational workflow for analysing the built environment from which architects may conduct a comprehensive analysis of an existing context before initiating design exploration.
