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... . 745 mm snout-vent length (SVL), 385 mm tail length (TailL in life); dorsal scales in 15- 15-13 rows (one head length behind head, midbody, and one head length in front of vent), ventrals 190, 148 paired subcaudals with undamaged tip; unpaired precloacal (anal) scale. Snout is blunt, rostral scale truncate anteriorly; two loreal scales on right, one left, each a small lanceolate scale, isolated in suture between the supralabials and internasal and prefrontal scales; internasals (dorsal surface of snout) flat anteriorly and convex posteriorly. In preservative, the head and nuchal area are bright green dorsally and laterally; trunk gradually become darker green and at about one-third length is olive to tip of tail; laterally trunk pale green to narrow white ventrolateral edge of upturned ventral scales (forming longitudinal stripe), then bordered medially by narrow dark green longitudinal stripe; white stripe becomes yellow by midbody and continues yellow onto base of tail; green stripe disappears 15- 20 ventrals anterior to the vent; remainder of venter is white from tip of chin to about midbody then becoming greenish yellow continuing onto tail. Boiga dendrophila (Boie, 1827) Mangrove Catsnake (Fig. 3) Specimens examined . Adult female, adult male (USNM 587041-042, respectively) collected at 19.15- 21.00 hours by Myint Kyaw Thura, Thaw Zin and Daniel G. Mulcahy in a small tributary to Yeybuchaung- ngal downstream from Camp 1. Description . Adult female 1450 mm SVL, 362 mm TailL in life; dorsal scales in 21-21-17 rows, ventrals 225, subcaudals 96 with unpaired precloacal scale; eight supralabials, 3 rd , 4 th & 5 th touch eye; 44 lateral yellow bars on trunk from neck to vent, venter becomes entirely black at ventral 126. Adult male 1440 mm SVL, 350 mm TailL in life; dorsal scales in 21-23-17 rows, ventrals 211, subcaudals 91 with single precloacal scale; 8 supralabials, 3 rd , 4 th & 5 th touch eye; 42 lateral yellow bars on trunk from neck to vent, venter becomes entirely black at ventral 84. Boiga drapiezii (Boie, 1827) White-spotted Catsnake (Fig. 4) Specimen examined. Presumed adult female (not dissected) (USNM 587043) collected at 19:00-20:00 hours by Myint Kyaw Thura (MgMyint), Thaw Zin and Daniel G. Mulcahy near Yeybuchaung-ngal, approximately 100 meters upstream from Camp 1 at an elevation of 179 meters a.s.l. Description - 1340 mm SVL, 380 mm TailL in life; dorsal scales in 19-19-15 rows, ventrals 279, subcaudals 144 with single precloacal scale; 8 supralabials, 3 rd , 4 th & 5 th touch eye. 51 middorsal tan to cream blotches from neck to above vent, venter tan heavily mottled with brownish ...
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Citations
... The herpetofauna of Myanmar remains one of the least studied and poorly known in continental Asia. Recent surveys, re-examination of historical materials in museum collections, and international collaborations have resulted in a recent increase of new discoveries, new country records, and revalidations of amphibian and reptile species in the country (Vogel and van Rooijen 2011;Lee et al. 2015Lee et al. , 2018aLee et al. , 2018bPoyarkov et al. 2019Poyarkov et al. , 2020Zaw et al. 2019). The Pareas fauna of Myanmar is quite rich, with eight species of this genus recorded there so far, namely P. andersonii, P. carinatus, P. hamptoni, P. macularius, P. margaritophorus, P. modestus, P. monticola and P. vindumi (Wogan et al. 2008;Vogel 2015;Mulcahy et al. 2018;Vogel et al. 2020). ...
A review of the taxonomic status of Pareas monticola (Himalaya slug snake) based on morphological and molecular data revealed a new species from Myanmar. Pareas victorianus sp. nov. Vogel, Nguyen and Poyarkov from the Nat Ma Taung National Park in western Chin State is suggested to be a sister species to P. monticola sensu stricto, and can be separated from the latter by the absence of preoculars, by the subocular separating the eye from the labials, by seven keeled dorsal scale rows at midbody, by a lower number of ventrals (164) and by a lower number of subcaudals (58). Another new population from the Hkakabo Razi National Park in the northernmost part of Kachin State was previously confused with P. monticola, but can be differentiated from the latter and from Pareas victorianus sp. nov. by the presence of preoculars, by the number of ventrals (182) and subcaudals (71), by the absence of dark postorbital stripes, and by the lateral and ventral surfaces of the head with dense brown dusting; we herein refer to this population as Pareas sp. pending further molecular data confirming its taxonomic status. We also confirm the occurrence of P. monticola sensu stricto in Myanmar based on specimens from Kachin State and Sagaing Division. Furthermore, we discuss the actual distribution, genetic differentiation and taxonomic problems of P. monticola species complex. Our work brings the total number of species recognised within the genus Pareas to 20, of which nine species occur in Myanmar. An updated key for the Pareas species of Myanmar is provided.
http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7591231C-475C-4F86-9376-BB48DA937D1A
... Our collective knowledge of Myanmar's herpetofauna remains incomplete. Because major portions of the country remain unexplored, there is tremendous potential for both new species discoveries and range extensions (Wogan et al. 2008;Wilkinson et al. 2012;Lee et al. 2015Lee et al. , 2018Connette et al. 2017;Grismer et al. 2017a,b;Grismer et al. 2018a,b,c;Mulcahy et al. 2017Mulcahy et al. , 2018Zug et al. 2017;Zaw et al. 2019). Recent surveys in remote and understudied areas of Myanmar, such as the Tanintharyi, have yielded numerous herpetofaunal specimens that increase our knowledge of biodiversity in that region Lee et al. 2018;Mulcahy et al. 2018), a region under studied since the late 19 th century (Theobald 1868). ...
We report the first occurrence of the Asian Rock Gecko genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 from mainland Myanmar based on a series of specimens recently collected from the Tanintharyi Region. These records come from several localities in the Tanintharyi Region and fill a significant sampling gap for the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using the mitochondrial gene ND2 identify two distinct clades, the first includes Cnemaspis siamensis of the Southeast Asian Cnemaspis group and the second includes two new species belonging to the South Asian Cnemaspis kandiana group. These two species are morphologically distinct and are distinguished from all other members in the C. kandiana group by a combination of character states. The first species, Cnemaspis tanintharyi sp. nov. occurs on the mainland in southern Tanintharyi and is distinguished from all congeners by the possession of keeled pectoral scales; smooth ventral scales and abdominal scales; 2–4 precloacal pores; 4–5 femoral pores on each leg; smooth subcaudal scales with the median row enlarged; coloration of the gular region beige, dark gray-brown with dark blue hueing towards throat; 15–18 subdigital lamellae on the 4th toe; and 21–23 ventral scales at midbody. The other, Cnemaspis thayawthadangyi sp. nov. is known only from the island group of Thayawthadangyi, in the Myeik Archipelago and is distinguished from all congeners by the possession of keeled pectoral scales; keeled ventral scales and abdominal scales; three precloacal pores; four femoral pores on each leg; smooth subcaudal scales, scales on median row enlarged; coloration of the gular region silver with dark-gray irregularly shaped streaks; 16–18 subdigital lamellae on the 4th toe; and 18–20 ventral scales at midbody. In addition, we address the taxonomic status of populations referred to as C. kandiana (a species now restricted to Sri Lanka) found in peninsular Thailand and provisionally assign them as C. cf. tanintharyi sp. nov. until further analysis can be conducted. Finally, we briefly discuss the biogeography of the South Asian clade of Cnemaspis.
... This species was an unsuspected find, because it had not been reported previously from Myanmar and the closest Thai records are in southern Thailand south of the Isthmus of Kra. This specimen represents the northernmost record of this species (see Lee et al. 2015 Comments. This species was also an unsuspected find owing to the absence of previous records for Myanmar; the closest Thai records are from southern Thailand south of the Isthmus of Kra (see Lee et al. 2015). ...
... This specimen represents the northernmost record of this species (see Lee et al. 2015 Comments. This species was also an unsuspected find owing to the absence of previous records for Myanmar; the closest Thai records are from southern Thailand south of the Isthmus of Kra (see Lee et al. 2015). The morphology of these specimens matches that of the subspecies B. dendrophila melanota (Boulenger, 1896). ...
... Surprisingly these undocumented taxa include only two amphibians (Ichthyophis cf. kohtaoensis and Chalcorana eschatia) and three species of snakes (Ahaetulla mycterizans, Boiga dendrophila, and Boiga drapiezii; see Lee et al. 2015). None of these taxa were reported from Phetchaburi Province, the Thailand province immediately east of our survey site. ...
Despite threats of species extinctions, taxonomic crises, and technological advances in genomics and natural history database informatics, we are still distant from cataloguing all of the species of life on earth. Amphibians and reptiles are no exceptions; in fact new species are described nearly every day and many species face possible extinction. The number of described species continues to climb as new areas of the world are explored and as species complexes are examined more thoroughly. The use of DNA barcoding provides a mechanism for rapidly estimating the number of species at a given site and has the potential to record all of the species of life on Earth. Though DNA barcoding has its caveats, it can be useful to estimate the number of species in a more systematic and efficient manner, to be followed in combination with more traditional, morphology-based identifications and species descriptions. Herein, we report the results of a voucher-based herpetological expedition to the Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) Region of Myanmar, enhanced with DNA barcode data. Our main surveys took place in the currently proposed Tanintharyi National Park. We combine our results with photographs and observational data from the Chaung-nauk-pyan forest reserve. Additionally, we provide the first checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the region, with species based on the literature and museum. Amphibians, anurans in particular, are one of the most poorly known groups of vertebrates in terms of taxonomy and the number of known species, particularly in Southeast Asia. Our rapid-assessment program combined with DNA barcoding and use of Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) of voucher specimens reveals the depth of taxonomic diversity in the southern Tanintharyi herpetofauna even though only a third of the potential amphibians and reptiles were seen. A total of 51 putative species (one caecilian, 25 frogs, 13 lizards, 10 snakes, and two turtles) were detected, several of which represent potentially undescribed species. Several of these species were detected by DNA barcode data alone. Furthermore, five species were recorded for the first time in Myanmar, two amphibians (Ichthyophis cf. kohtaoensis and Chalcorana eschatia) and three snakes (Ahaetulla mycterizans, Boiga dendrophila, and Boiga drapiezii).
... The discovery of D. subannulatus in Myanmar extends the distribution of this species north of the Isthmus of Kra and approximately 430 km northeast from the nearest record (Fig. 3) in Mueang Phang Nga District, Phang Nga Province, Thailand (Pauwels et al. 2000). Furthermore, this species adds to the ever-growing number of new country records for reptiles and amphibians in Myanmar, especially in the Tanintharyi region (Wogan et al. 2008 (Grismer et al. 2008, Nguyen et al. 2009, Stuart et al. 2010, Lee et al. 2015. This is concordant with the biogeographic hypothesis suggested by Pauwels et al. (2003), who placed the boundary between Indochinese and Sundaland snake fauna at approximately 15° N latitude. ...
Dryocalamus subannulatus is reported for the first time from Myanmar. A single individual was found on the Thayawthadangyi Island Group in the Myeik Archipelago, Tanintharyi Region. Morphological features and a maximum likelihood analysis of the 16S mitochondrial gene confirm its identity. This specimen represents the first record of D. subannulatus north of the Isthmus of Kra.
... nov. but the widely separated, allopatric distribution of the latter along with the aforementioned differences in pholidosis and patterning lends support for them being different species.Bauer 2002Bauer , 2003Lee et al. 2015;Mahony 2009;McMahan & Zug 2007;Zug et al. 2006Zug et al. , 2007Zug et al. , 2011). This emphasizes the need for further efforts to explore more regions of Myanmar in order to more accurately assess its herpetological diversity that is still greatly underestimated. ...
A newly discovered species of homalopsid snake from the genus Gyiophis Murphy & Voris is described from the lowlands of Mawlamyine District in Mon state, southeastern Myanmar. Gyiophis salweenensis sp. nov. is presumed to be closely related to G. maculosa Blanford and G. vorisi Murphy based on the similarities in pholidosis and patterning but can be separated from G. maculosa by the shape of its first three dorsal scale rows that are square, ventral scale pattern that lacks a central spot, and a faint stripe on dorsal scale rows 1–4. It can be further distinguished from G. vorisi by its lower number of ventral scales (129 vs. 142–152), lower number of subcaudals (30/29 vs. 41–58), narrow rostral scale, and having more rows of spots on the dorsum (four vs. three). A preliminary molecular analysis using 1050 base pairs of cytochrome b (cytb) recovered G. salweenensis sp. nov. as the sister species to the Chinese Mud Snake (Myrrophis chinensis). G. maculosa and G. vorisi were unavailable for the analysis. The discovery of G. salweenensis sp. nov. highlights the need for more surveys into the herpetological diversity of eastern Myanmar which remains very much underestimated.
The taxonomic identity of the Trimeresurus (Popeia) popeiorum complex from the Isthmus of Kra and to the north was investigated. Several studies over the last decade have produced several specimens and associated mtDNA sequence data for a variety of individuals of the T. popeiorum and “T. sabahi” complexes. Here, we combine four mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, ND4, and CytB) from all available specimens in GenBank with the addition of five new specimens collected from the mainland, Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses identified that T. popeiorum sensu lato is paraphyletic with two geographically distinct clades: a northern clade representing populations from northern Myanmar, Laos and northern Thailand and a southern clade representing samples from the Tanintharyi Region and adjacent west Thailand. While the two clades have considerable genetic distance, they appear to be morphologically identical, leading to the hypothesis that the southern clade represents a cryptic, undescribed species. Because they appear to be cryptic species and the limitation of only five specimens from the southern lineage, this does not permit us to formally describe the new species. In accordance to past molecular studies, we uncovered paraphyly and lack of genetic support for the validity of taxa within the T. sabahi complex. However, we suggest recognizing these populations as subspecies within T. sabahi.
