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Adapted from Brooks and Goetz 2014. Bathymetry map of the Ross Sea showing the location of tows where icthyoplankton was sampled in 2013. Mitochondrial DNA was successfully sequenced from P. antarctica larvae collected from the tows circled in red.
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Mitochondria are an essential cell organelle for all living cells, if they are eliminated from the cell that means the cell has undergone terminal differentiation. It works like sub-kingdom in the cell; in addition to provide energy to the cell it has its own gasket of synthetic machinery. In each individual it is contributed by mother. If there is...
The Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita is an abundant, polytypic Palearctic bird.
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Reproduction is a key step of a species life history and includes a suite of strategies and tactics enacted to allow the maximization of reproductively active offspring in relation to available energy and parental life expectancy. Gender system, oogenesis pattern, maturation schedule, shifts in habitat utilization, spawning seasonality, mating behavior, and fertilization pattern are among the traits involved in the process of species adaptive optimization of reproduction.
In this frame, here we review the reproductive traits of the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) based on the available macroscopic and histological data. Then, we will step forward by focusing on two aspects of this species’ reproduction: (i) skipped spawning; (ii) potential location of reproduction sites along the Antarctic coasts.
