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The combination of sidestream deammonification and bioaugmentation of the mainstream reactor using ammonia oxidizers from partial nitritation (PN) was not achieved before. This novel solution not only enables the efficient sidestream nitrogen removal, but also improves mainstream resistance to stress situations such as biomass washout or nitrogen o...
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... activated sludge used in this study was sampled from the Wroclaw WWTP mainstream biological reactor during summer. Therefore, the first 8 weeks of the experiment was necessary for biomass acclimatization and adaptation. At this stage of the experiment, an increase of the solids concentration in the SBRs was observed until the 40th day (Fig. 2). In both reactors, the NLR was kept at a constant level of 0.050 ± 0.008 and 0.051 ± 0.008 kg NH 4 -N (m 3 ·d) −1 in SBR1 and SBR2, respectively, and were similar to the loading rate of the real ...
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... this study, the PN process used as the source of nitrifiers was operated in a way that ensures the formation of compact and dense flocs in which the vast majority of the nitrifiers were protected from protozoan grazing. This assumption was confirmed by a series of tests comparing the sAUR rate in the mixed liquor and the effluent from the PN reactor (Supplementary Material 2). Another important aspect that could potentially affect the activity of the nitrifier population in the seeded sludge is substrate availability. ...
Citations
... The sidestream quantities are typically low (5-10 %) compared to the mainstream. Sidestreams have a wide range of features depending on their source based on the STP used [10]. The two most prominent characteristics of sidestreams are their high organic load (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS). ...
... BABE combines the bioaugmentation of nitrifying organisms due to the return of autotrophic nitrifying bacteria from activated sludge that is washed (sludge liquor) from the main treatment process, thereby increasing the NF rate by up to 60%. In addition, the nitrifying organisms grow in flocs of the activated sludge, and without this bioaugmentation, the nitrifiers will tend to grow suspended in the medium; when bioaugmentation is combined with the deammonification process, the negative effects of the nitrogen load of WWTPs are reduced as well as the loss of biomass, so it can be considered that the deammonification process is efficient for the removal of nitrogen and cultivation of nitrifiers for bioaugmentation (Berends et al. 2005;Muszyński-Huhajło et al. 2021;Nsengiyuma et al. 2021;Van Loosdrecht and Salem 2006). A high concentration of nitrite can inhibit denitrifying microorganisms; however, by using the bioaugmentation process in an sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with continuous feeding of nitrite and acetate, the denitrifying bacterial community was enriched, and the nitrite denitrification rate increased from 10 to 275 mg/L h, showing an increase in the microbial biodiversity involved in the denitrification process from 2.16% to 84.26% during the enrichment period (Yao et al. 2019). ...
Water is a universal solvent and liquid required in most anthropogenic, natural, and biochemical processes. Once used, water will have chemical or microbiological pollutants (wastewater), and knowing that the amount of water on the planet will always be the same, a treatment process must be chosen that aims to eliminate the greatest amount of pollutants to be able to return it to the receiving bodies of water or to be able to reuse it, reducing the impact on the environment. These wastewater treatment processes can be grouped into chemical, physical, and biological. In the case of biological treatment, it consists of using enzymes, microorganisms, or plants to accumulate, transform, or degrade contaminants through their metabolism. Biological treatment systems can be divided into conventional and advanced. Conventional ones are activated sludge, rotating biological contactors, biofilters, nitrification, and denitrification, among others. As an example of advanced biological treatment systems, we can name all the processes that mineralize nitrogenous compounds to molecular nitrogen (such as ANAMMOX, CANON, OLAND), the bioaugmentation batch-enhanced process (BABE), the use of aerobic granular sludge (AGS), and constructed wetlands (CW), among others. Advanced biological treatment systems can offer some of the following advantages compared to conventional biological systems: decreased hydraulic retention times, fewer space requirements, mineralized contaminants, a better landscape, and nominal investment costs in equipment and infrastructure. The present chapter will focus on discussing the most recent advances in biological wastewater treatment and how these systems can be applied to deal with existing and emerging pollutants in wastewater.
... In the case that sludge centrate is returned to the secondary treatment (the common practice), the NH 4 + -N in the mainstream wastewater increases from 15-35 mg/L to 20-40 mg/L [34,35]. Hence, the application of EIS-ED will reduce 10-20% of the NH 4 + -N loading in secondary process units and improve the effluent quality of WWTPs. ...
Membrane fouling has been the primary challenge limiting the application of electrodialysis (ED) technologies in wastewater treatment, particularly the wastewater containing abundant dissolved organic matter, such as the digested sludge centrate. This study proposed an electro-ion substitution modified electrodialysis (EIS-ED) system that can recover NH4⁺ from the sludge centrate in coastal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), with negligible membrane fouling and scaling formed. In this system, the sludge centrate flowed between two cation-exchange membranes (CM), alongside the seawater providing Na⁺ as the substitution of NH4⁺. According to the experimental data and modeling, EIS-ED recovered more than 70% of NH4⁺ from the sludge centrate with an energy consumption of 2.03 kWh/kg NH4⁺-N, which was 14% lower than the conventional ED. Membranes, solutions and electrodes were the three major contributors of the linear ohmic resistance in the EIS-ED process. EIS-ED significantly resisted membrane fouling by means of electrostatic repulsion between the CM and negatively charged compounds, including particles and dissolved organic matter, and membrane scaling was also mitigated. After a treatment of 20 L sludge centrate, no significant decrease of membrane ion-exchange capacity was observed in the EIS-ED, while a decrease of 5.3% was found in the conventional ED. Accordingly, the potential application prospect of EIS-ED was proposed, which can recover at least 70% of NH4⁺ from the sludge centrate and reduce 10–20% of the NH4⁺ loading to the mainstream processes in coastal WWTPs.
... Recently, authors have proposed a novel approach in a bioaugmentation technology of the mainstream biological reactor of a wastewater treatment plant [18]. It was demonstrated, that sidestream partial nitritation process can be successfully used as a remedy for mainstream nitrogen overload. ...
This research sheds light on the gap in knowledge concerning the effect of temperature shock on nitrifiers. This phenomenon was analysed in context of mainstream bioaugmentation with nitrifiers cultivated in a sidestream partial nitritation process, which was recently experimentally confirmed to be beneficial in municipal wastewater treatment plants. In this study, using respirometric activity measurements and a simple mathematical model of nitritation, it has been proven that fluctuations in nitrifier concentration in long term tests affect the value of the estimated temperature correction coefficient (θ). Furthermore, this leads to underestimation of its value and thus, results in inaccurate prediction of the scale of the temperature shock effect. During the first days following the shock occurrence, the estimated process rate using the new approach was equal to only 64.1±9.7% of the value calculated using previously preferred methods. Moreover, faster biomass acclimatisation to lower temperature in the following days was observed. These observations clearly indicate the need for change in the current approach and confirm the validity of the proposed improvements. It can be assumed, that the presented insights concerning the method of temperature effect assessment are transferrable to other microbial communities involved in biological wastewater treatment processes.
