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Actinoschoenus quadricostatus. A – plant base; B – culms; C – inflorescence; D – SEM of culm; E – SEM of glume; F – SEM of nut. Scale bars = 500 µm (D); 1 mm (E, F). Images from M.N. Lyons 6020. Photographs by R.L. Barrett.
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Four new species of Actinoschoenus Benth. and one new species of Fimbristylis Vahl are described from the north Kimberley region of Western Australia: A. glabrispiculus Rye, R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett, A. pentagonus Rye, R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett, A. quadricostatus Rye, R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett, A. ramosus Rye, R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett, and F. hel...
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... They were later placed in Schoeneae (Goetghebeur, 1998) and transferred to tribe Abildgaardieae by Muasya et al. (2009a). Larridon et al. (2021c) showed that the "Arthrostylideae" genera form two clades: (i) a clade of Australian species encompassing Arthrostylis, Trachystylis, and a new genus Scleroschoenus K.L.Wilson, J.J.Bruhl & R.L.Barrett published to place several species recently described in Actinoschoenus (Rye et al., 2015); and (ii) a clade of Actinoschoenus s.s. These species-poor lineages within the Fimbristylis Clade are characterized by (i) the C 3 photosynthetic pathway and (ii) Carex-or Schoenus-type embryos, whereas the remaining lineages use the C 4 photosynthetic pathway and have Abildgaardia-, Fimbristylis-, and Tylocarya-type embryos (Semmouri et al., 2019;Larridon et al., 2021c). ...
Cyperaceae (sedges) are the third largest monocot family and are of considerable economic and ecological importance. Sedges represent an ideal model family to study evolutionary biology because of their species richness, global distribution, large discrepancies in lineage diversity, broad range of ecological preferences, and adaptations including multiple origins of C4 photosynthesis and holocentric chromosomes. Goetghebeur’s seminal work on Cyperaceae published in 1998 provided the most recent complete classification at tribal and generic level, based on a morphological study of Cyperaceae inflorescence, spikelet, flower and embryo characters plus anatomical and other information. Since then, several family‐level molecular phylogenetic studies using Sanger sequence data have been published. Here, more than 20 years after the last comprehensive classification of the family, we present the first family‐wide phylogenomic study of Cyperaceae based on targeted sequencing using the Angiosperms353 probe kit sampling 311 accessions. Additionally, 62 accessions available from GenBank were mined for overlapping reads and included in the phylogenomic analyses. Informed by this backbone phylogeny, a new classification for the family at the tribal, subtribal and generic levels is proposed. The majority of previously recognized suprageneric groups are supported, and for the first time we establish support for tribe Cryptangieae as a clade including the genus Koyamaea. We provide a taxonomic treatment including identification keys and diagnoses for the 2 subfamilies, 24 tribes and 10 subtribes and basic information on the 95 genera. The classification includes five new subtribes in tribe Schoeneae: Anthelepidinae, Caustiinae, Gymnoschoeninae, Lepidospermatinae and Oreobolinae.
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Morphological characterizations of genera in Cyperaceae tribe Abildgaardieae have been highly problematic and the subject of much debate. Earlier molecular phylogenetic studies based on Sanger sequencing and a limited sampling have indicated that several generic circumscriptions are not monophyletic. Here, we provide the first phylogenetic hypothesis for Abildgaardieae using targeted sequencing data obtained with the Angiosperms353 enrichment panel for 50 species. We test whether recent taxonomic decisions made based on Sanger sequencing data are validated by our targeted sequencing data. Our results support subsuming the small African genus Nemum into the large genus Bulbostylis and subsuming the monotypic genus Crosslandia into the diverse genus Fimbristylis. Also, our results support the recent publication of the new genus Zulustylis for two African species previously placed in Fimbristylis. Furthermore, we investigate the phylogenetic placement of recently described tropical Australian endemic species of Actinoschoenus, which are recognized here as the new morphologically cryptic genus Scleroschoenus. Based on our phylogenetic hypothesis and supported by morphological data, we recognize the genus Abildgaardia. The placement in Abildgaardieae of two monotypic genera Nelmesia and Trichoschoenus, only known from the type collections from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Madagascar, respectively, are also discussed. New combinations and lectotypifications are made in Abildgaardia, Actinoschoenus, Arthrostylis and Scleroschoenus.
Goodenia cravenii R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett, G. maretensis R.L.Barrett, Goodenia heterotricha M.D.Barrett & R.L.Barrett and Lechenaultia mimica M.D.Barrett & R.L.Barrett are described as new species from the northern Kimberley region of Western Australia. Goodenia cravenii (subg. Goodenia sect. Amphichila DC.) is the smallest species known in the family. Goodenia maretensis (subg. Goodenia sect. Goodenia subsect. Ebracteolatae K.Krause) is known only from the Maret Islands group in the Bonaparte Archipelago. Goodenia heterotricha (subg. Goodenia sect. Goodenia subsect. Ebracteolatae K.Krause) was discovered during a Bush Blitz survey on Home Valley Station in May 2014. Modified keys to these species are presented. Lechenaultia mimica (sect. Latouria (Endl.) Benth.) is known only from the Harding Range and may represent the first instance of floral mimicry to be reported in the genus Lechenaultia. Seed article micromorphology in tropical annual species of Lechenaultia R.Br. is discussed and a key to species is provided. A putative elaiosome, the first report for the genus, was observed on the seed article of L. ovata. All species described here are of conservation priority and are illustrated.
