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Military conflicts in Iraq that have occurred recently affected significantly the environment of this country and incurred irreparable damage to its nature. Fires on oilfields caused by military actions released dozens million cubic meters of gas and tons of soot into the atmosphere every day. Apart from this, the unburnt oil components also got into air. In general, the military actions in Iraq have led to large-scale oil pollution. Great damage was incurred to deserts that suffered much owing to military actions proper and as a result of extinguishing oil fires. Military actions had grave consequences: pollution of vast territories and water resources. As a result of the war many agricultural lands fell in disuse, some of them became unfit for further use. The air, soil, and water pollution have led to the growing sickness rate of people in Iraq. The recent decades were marked by the growing sickness of the adult population and children who had chronic diseases from their birth. Iraq became the world region where the negative impacts of military actions on environment and population have been displayed most vividly.KeywordsAgricultureConflictEcologyIraqOil pollutionWater resources
Steel and rolling industry are the most important industries polluting the environment. Therefore, aim of this study is to make an emission model for SO2 and NO2 pollutants released from the rolling industry of Sepid-Farab Kavir Steel (SKS) complex using the AERMOD model and health risk assessment. Sampling pollutants released from SKS complex was performed in January 2017 at 10 different sites. Distribution of these pollutants was investigated by AERMOD model, domain site of AERMOD was designed for area around the factory with a radius of 30 km, and also SO2 and NO2 modeling was performed for both natural gas and liquid fuel. Human health risk assessment was also studied. The results of this study demonstrated the emission of SO2 and NO2 from this complex is less than the maximum allowable, when used natural gas as the main fuel. The hourly concentration of SO2 reached about 324 μg/m3, which in higher than the standard value for 1 h. Considering the findings, the urban gas is considered as a clean source in terms of furnace air output and the concentration of emitted pollutants. Also, it has no side effects on workers’ health.
