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Acetes japonicus in situ , lateral (A) and upper (B) view; Acetes paraguayensis , allotype, ZMUC CRU- 09812 in collection of the Natural History Museum of Denmark (C); Acetes sp. at a Indonesian fish market (D). 

Acetes japonicus in situ , lateral (A) and upper (B) view; Acetes paraguayensis , allotype, ZMUC CRU- 09812 in collection of the Natural History Museum of Denmark (C); Acetes sp. at a Indonesian fish market (D). 

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Despite their role in marine systems, Sergestidae remain one of the most poorly understood families amongst planktonic shrimps with regard to phylogeny. Recent morphological and phylogenetic revisions of a number of sergestid genera have disentangled classificatory problems and emphasized the importance of reproductive structures for the taxonomy a...

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... 2000(Vereshchaka, , 2009Vereshchaka, Olesen & Lunina, 2014;Vereshchaka & Lunina, 2015). In ad- dition to these genera, the Sergestidae comprises three minor genera: Sicyonella with three species, Acetes with 14 species, and the monotypic Peisos. Economically, Acetes is one of the most important organisms in Asian and East African waters (Fig. 1D); during certain parts of the year species of Acetes form conspicuous aggregations near the shore, leading to an extensive fishing activity (Omori, 1975). Emended diagnoses and keys to species of Acetes and a review of their geo- graphical distribution may be important for fishery plan- ning. The genera Sicyonella and Peisos are not ...
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... with the use of scanning electron micros- copy (SEM; Fukuoka, Tamaki & Kikuchi, 2005), whereas the latest revision of Acetes was more than 40 years ago (Omori, 1975). The phylogenetic status of the monotypic Peisos has not been tested since the de- scription of its only species, Peisos petrunkevichi (Burkenroad, 1945). The genus Acetes (Fig. 1A-C) was established by H. Milne Edwards (1830) for Acetes indicus (type by original designation). Thirteen addi- tional species were described between 1893 (Acetes americanus Ortmann, 1893) and 1975(Acetes intermedius Omori, 1975 *Corresponding author. E-mail: alv@ocean.ru , 5 6 177, 353-377 1975). During this period, the genera Sicyonella ...
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... vestigial in A. paraguayensis (Fig. 7D) to branched in the rest of Sicyonella (Fig. 9D, F) and in A. americanus (Fig. 4D). The capitulum of the pars media in all Sergestidae, except Acetes, is armed with hooks visible under light microscopy (Vereshchaka, 2000(Vereshchaka, , 2009Vereshchaka et al., 2014). SEM shows that these hooks are squamose (Fig. 10D- F) and may form pincers in Sicyonella (figs 4, 10, 15 in Fukuoka et al., 2005) and in other sergestids (Fig. 10F). Homologies between lobes and processi in these genera have been convincingly established pre- viously (Hansen, 1919(Hansen, , 1922Vereshchaka, 2000Vereshchaka, , 2009Fukuoka et al., 2005;Vereshchaka et al., ...
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... (Fig. 4D). The capitulum of the pars media in all Sergestidae, except Acetes, is armed with hooks visible under light microscopy (Vereshchaka, 2000(Vereshchaka, , 2009Vereshchaka et al., 2014). SEM shows that these hooks are squamose (Fig. 10D- F) and may form pincers in Sicyonella (figs 4, 10, 15 in Fukuoka et al., 2005) and in other sergestids (Fig. 10F). Homologies between lobes and processi in these genera have been convincingly established pre- viously (Hansen, 1919(Hansen, , 1922Vereshchaka, 2000Vereshchaka, , 2009Fukuoka et al., 2005;Vereshchaka et al., ...
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... Acetes, the capitulum of the pars media is armed with true claws (Fig. 10A-D), which are different from the squamose hooks of other sergestids (Fig. 10E-G). In A. binghami, A. americanus, and A. petrunkevichi (Fig. 4B, D, F), the pars media is divided and the longer branch bears tubular apical claws with serrated tips (Fig. 4D, F). These apical claws may represent a tran- sitional state between the entire claws ...
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... Acetes, the capitulum of the pars media is armed with true claws (Fig. 10A-D), which are different from the squamose hooks of other sergestids (Fig. 10E-G). In A. binghami, A. americanus, and A. petrunkevichi (Fig. 4B, D, F), the pars media is divided and the longer branch bears tubular apical claws with serrated tips (Fig. 4D, F). These apical claws may represent a tran- sitional state between the entire claws of Acetes and Peisos and the squamose hooks of other sergestids. We assume ...
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... (Analysis 3) as outgroups retrieved nine minimal length trees, with 231, 237, and 232 steps, respectively. The topology of all three trees was identical; all supported clades are shown in Figure 11. The clade Sicyonella is sister to the rest of Sergestidae and received high Bremer support (4)(5). ...
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... STATUS OF PEISOS Analyses 1-3, each with a different outgroup, re- vealed statistical support for the clade Sicyonella, thus suggesting its monophyletic origin. The genus is sup- ported by the following synapomorphies, which are common for analyses 1-3 ( Fig. 12): maxillula in adults with two endites (character 29 -see Appendix 2), en- larged third maxilliped (31), and slightly reduced chela of second and third pereopods ...
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... most clearly from the rest of Sergestidae in characters that may be associated with its occurrence at the benthopelagic shelf. These characteristics may provide additional pro- tection, manoeuvrability, and feeding opportunities near the water-bottom interface (Vereshchaka, 1990(Vereshchaka, , 1995. Some of these characters are synapomorphic (Fig. 12): two endites at the maxillulae (character 29 -see Ap- pendix 2), enlarged third maxillipeds (31), and well- developed chelae of second and third pereopods (43, 50). Other characters (two dorsal teeth on the rostrum, pterygostomial tooth, four moveable lateral spines on the telson, a complete set of segments in fourth and fifth ...
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... F were modified from Omori (1975). Cap, capitulum; PA, pars astringens; PE, pars externa; PM, pars media; PV, processus ventralis. tures). Hence, the species S. inermis is characterized by the presence of fine scales opposite the tubercle in the clasping organ (87) and by the presence of squamose hooks (100) the entire capitulum of the petasma (Fig. 12). In addition, another clade, S. antennata + S. maldivensis, is supported by a set of synapomorphies related to mating and coupling (Fig. 12): claw-like setae at the clasping organs opposite the tubercle (83), a divided capitulum of the petasma armed with squamose hooks and pincers (101,104), well-developed lobi armatus, connectens, and ...
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... Hence, the species S. inermis is characterized by the presence of fine scales opposite the tubercle in the clasping organ (87) and by the presence of squamose hooks (100) the entire capitulum of the petasma (Fig. 12). In addition, another clade, S. antennata + S. maldivensis, is supported by a set of synapomorphies related to mating and coupling (Fig. 12): claw-like setae at the clasping organs opposite the tubercle (83), a divided capitulum of the petasma armed with squamose hooks and pincers (101,104), well-developed lobi armatus, connectens, and terminalis (104,107,(108)(109), well-developed, elon- gated, twice-branched processus ventralis (110,111,113,114,117,118). The claw-like ...
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... species of Acetes, except A. petrunkevitchi, show further reduction and loss of structures related to movement (fourth and fifth pereopods - Fig. 12) that may be further adaptations to shallow habitats where significant vertical migrations are impossible. Within Acetes, the phylogeny is based only on sexual characters, e.g. the clasping organ and the petasma (Fig. 12). Acetes marinus: clasping organ (A) and petasma (B); Acetes paraguayensis: clasping organ (C) and petasma (D); ...
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... except A. petrunkevitchi, show further reduction and loss of structures related to movement (fourth and fifth pereopods - Fig. 12) that may be further adaptations to shallow habitats where significant vertical migrations are impossible. Within Acetes, the phylogeny is based only on sexual characters, e.g. the clasping organ and the petasma (Fig. 12). Acetes marinus: clasping organ (A) and petasma (B); Acetes paraguayensis: clasping organ (C) and petasma (D); Acetes natalensis: clasping organ (E) and petasma (F). E and F were modified from Omori (1975). Cap, capitulum; PA, pars astringens; PE, pars externa; PM, pars media; PV, processus ventralis. Omori (1975: fig. 3 (Fig. ...
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... and the petasma (Fig. 12). Acetes marinus: clasping organ (A) and petasma (B); Acetes paraguayensis: clasping organ (C) and petasma (D); Acetes natalensis: clasping organ (E) and petasma (F). E and F were modified from Omori (1975). Cap, capitulum; PA, pars astringens; PE, pars externa; PM, pars media; PV, processus ventralis. Omori (1975: fig. 3 (Fig. ...
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... of the capitulum of the petasma (94). 2. The clade A. americanus + A. binghami, which is also not statistically robust but supported by the pres- ence of specialized serrated setae with longitudi- nal ribs in the clasping organ (86). 3. The terminal clade A. erythraeus + A. intermedius + A. sibogae + A. vulgaris, which is sta- tistically robust (Fig. 11) and supported by the fol- lowing synapomorphies of the petasma: the presence of well-developed pars astringens (90, 92), addi- tional enlarged claws on the capitulum (98), and an elongated processus ventralis ...
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... ACETES The distributions of all recognized species of Acetes are summarized in Figure 13. The clades A. marinus + A. paraguayensis and A. americanus + A. binghami are geographically isolated from the rest of Acetes and occur in Central, South and North America. ...
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... between sympatric species of Acetes is prevented by highly specialized copula- tory structures, which differ greatly even between closely related species. Figure 13 shows a number of blank areas from where Acetes has not yet been reported. This is probably because of a lack of sampling as the genus occurs in all well-explored coastal areas of tropical and sub- tropical areas. ...
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... 2000(Vereshchaka, , 2009Vereshchaka, Olesen & Lunina, 2014;Vereshchaka & Lunina, 2015). In ad- dition to these genera, the Sergestidae comprises three minor genera: Sicyonella with three species, Acetes with 14 species, and the monotypic Peisos. Economically, Acetes is one of the most important organisms in Asian and East African waters (Fig. 1D); during certain parts of the year species of Acetes form conspicuous aggregations near the shore, leading to an extensive fishing activity (Omori, 1975). Emended diagnoses and keys to species of Acetes and a review of their geo- graphical distribution may be important for fishery plan- ning. The genera Sicyonella and Peisos are not ...
Context 19
... with the use of scanning electron micros- copy (SEM; Fukuoka, Tamaki & Kikuchi, 2005), whereas the latest revision of Acetes was more than 40 years ago (Omori, 1975). The phylogenetic status of the monotypic Peisos has not been tested since the de- scription of its only species, Peisos petrunkevichi (Burkenroad, 1945). The genus Acetes (Fig. 1A-C) was established by H. Milne Edwards (1830) for Acetes indicus (type by original designation). Thirteen addi- tional species were described between 1893 (Acetes americanus Ortmann, 1893) and 1975(Acetes intermedius Omori, 1975 *Corresponding author. E-mail: alv@ocean.ru , 5 6 177, 353-377 1975). During this period, the genera Sicyonella ...
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... vestigial in A. paraguayensis (Fig. 7D) to branched in the rest of Sicyonella (Fig. 9D, F) and in A. americanus (Fig. 4D). The capitulum of the pars media in all Sergestidae, except Acetes, is armed with hooks visible under light microscopy (Vereshchaka, 2000(Vereshchaka, , 2009Vereshchaka et al., 2014). SEM shows that these hooks are squamose (Fig. 10D- F) and may form pincers in Sicyonella (figs 4, 10, 15 in Fukuoka et al., 2005) and in other sergestids (Fig. 10F). Homologies between lobes and processi in these genera have been convincingly established pre- viously (Hansen, 1919(Hansen, , 1922Vereshchaka, 2000Vereshchaka, , 2009Fukuoka et al., 2005;Vereshchaka et al., ...
Context 21
... (Fig. 4D). The capitulum of the pars media in all Sergestidae, except Acetes, is armed with hooks visible under light microscopy (Vereshchaka, 2000(Vereshchaka, , 2009Vereshchaka et al., 2014). SEM shows that these hooks are squamose (Fig. 10D- F) and may form pincers in Sicyonella (figs 4, 10, 15 in Fukuoka et al., 2005) and in other sergestids (Fig. 10F). Homologies between lobes and processi in these genera have been convincingly established pre- viously (Hansen, 1919(Hansen, , 1922Vereshchaka, 2000Vereshchaka, , 2009Fukuoka et al., 2005;Vereshchaka et al., ...
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... Acetes, the capitulum of the pars media is armed with true claws (Fig. 10A-D), which are different from the squamose hooks of other sergestids (Fig. 10E-G). In A. binghami, A. americanus, and A. petrunkevichi (Fig. 4B, D, F), the pars media is divided and the longer branch bears tubular apical claws with serrated tips (Fig. 4D, F). These apical claws may represent a tran- sitional state between the entire claws ...
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... Acetes, the capitulum of the pars media is armed with true claws (Fig. 10A-D), which are different from the squamose hooks of other sergestids (Fig. 10E-G). In A. binghami, A. americanus, and A. petrunkevichi (Fig. 4B, D, F), the pars media is divided and the longer branch bears tubular apical claws with serrated tips (Fig. 4D, F). These apical claws may represent a tran- sitional state between the entire claws of Acetes and Peisos and the squamose hooks of other sergestids. We assume ...
Context 24
... (Analysis 3) as outgroups retrieved nine minimal length trees, with 231, 237, and 232 steps, respectively. The topology of all three trees was identical; all supported clades are shown in Figure 11. The clade Sicyonella is sister to the rest of Sergestidae and received high Bremer support (4)(5). ...
Context 25
... STATUS OF PEISOS Analyses 1-3, each with a different outgroup, re- vealed statistical support for the clade Sicyonella, thus suggesting its monophyletic origin. The genus is sup- ported by the following synapomorphies, which are common for analyses 1-3 ( Fig. 12): maxillula in adults with two endites (character 29 -see Appendix 2), en- larged third maxilliped (31), and slightly reduced chela of second and third pereopods ...
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... most clearly from the rest of Sergestidae in characters that may be associated with its occurrence at the benthopelagic shelf. These characteristics may provide additional pro- tection, manoeuvrability, and feeding opportunities near the water-bottom interface (Vereshchaka, 1990(Vereshchaka, , 1995. Some of these characters are synapomorphic (Fig. 12): two endites at the maxillulae (character 29 -see Ap- pendix 2), enlarged third maxillipeds (31), and well- developed chelae of second and third pereopods (43, 50). Other characters (two dorsal teeth on the rostrum, pterygostomial tooth, four moveable lateral spines on the telson, a complete set of segments in fourth and fifth ...
Context 27
... F were modified from Omori (1975). Cap, capitulum; PA, pars astringens; PE, pars externa; PM, pars media; PV, processus ventralis. tures). Hence, the species S. inermis is characterized by the presence of fine scales opposite the tubercle in the clasping organ (87) and by the presence of squamose hooks (100) the entire capitulum of the petasma (Fig. 12). In addition, another clade, S. antennata + S. maldivensis, is supported by a set of synapomorphies related to mating and coupling (Fig. 12): claw-like setae at the clasping organs opposite the tubercle (83), a divided capitulum of the petasma armed with squamose hooks and pincers (101,104), well-developed lobi armatus, connectens, and ...
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... Hence, the species S. inermis is characterized by the presence of fine scales opposite the tubercle in the clasping organ (87) and by the presence of squamose hooks (100) the entire capitulum of the petasma (Fig. 12). In addition, another clade, S. antennata + S. maldivensis, is supported by a set of synapomorphies related to mating and coupling (Fig. 12): claw-like setae at the clasping organs opposite the tubercle (83), a divided capitulum of the petasma armed with squamose hooks and pincers (101,104), well-developed lobi armatus, connectens, and terminalis (104,107,(108)(109), well-developed, elon- gated, twice-branched processus ventralis (110,111,113,114,117,118). The claw-like ...
Context 29
... species of Acetes, except A. petrunkevitchi, show further reduction and loss of structures related to movement (fourth and fifth pereopods - Fig. 12) that may be further adaptations to shallow habitats where significant vertical migrations are impossible. Within Acetes, the phylogeny is based only on sexual characters, e.g. the clasping organ and the petasma (Fig. 12). Acetes marinus: clasping organ (A) and petasma (B); Acetes paraguayensis: clasping organ (C) and petasma (D); ...
Context 30
... except A. petrunkevitchi, show further reduction and loss of structures related to movement (fourth and fifth pereopods - Fig. 12) that may be further adaptations to shallow habitats where significant vertical migrations are impossible. Within Acetes, the phylogeny is based only on sexual characters, e.g. the clasping organ and the petasma (Fig. 12). Acetes marinus: clasping organ (A) and petasma (B); Acetes paraguayensis: clasping organ (C) and petasma (D); Acetes natalensis: clasping organ (E) and petasma (F). E and F were modified from Omori (1975). Cap, capitulum; PA, pars astringens; PE, pars externa; PM, pars media; PV, processus ventralis. Omori (1975: fig. 3 (Fig. ...
Context 31
... and the petasma (Fig. 12). Acetes marinus: clasping organ (A) and petasma (B); Acetes paraguayensis: clasping organ (C) and petasma (D); Acetes natalensis: clasping organ (E) and petasma (F). E and F were modified from Omori (1975). Cap, capitulum; PA, pars astringens; PE, pars externa; PM, pars media; PV, processus ventralis. Omori (1975: fig. 3 (Fig. ...
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... of the capitulum of the petasma (94). 2. The clade A. americanus + A. binghami, which is also not statistically robust but supported by the pres- ence of specialized serrated setae with longitudi- nal ribs in the clasping organ (86). 3. The terminal clade A. erythraeus + A. intermedius + A. sibogae + A. vulgaris, which is sta- tistically robust (Fig. 11) and supported by the fol- lowing synapomorphies of the petasma: the presence of well-developed pars astringens (90, 92), addi- tional enlarged claws on the capitulum (98), and an elongated processus ventralis ...
Context 33
... ACETES The distributions of all recognized species of Acetes are summarized in Figure 13. The clades A. marinus + A. paraguayensis and A. americanus + A. binghami are geographically isolated from the rest of Acetes and occur in Central, South and North America. ...
Context 34
... between sympatric species of Acetes is prevented by highly specialized copula- tory structures, which differ greatly even between closely related species. Figure 13 shows a number of blank areas from where Acetes has not yet been reported. This is probably because of a lack of sampling as the genus occurs in all well-explored coastal areas of tropical and sub- tropical areas. ...

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... Although recent morphological studies state that Acetes spp. lack light organs entirely (Vereshchaka, Lunina & Olesen, 2016a;Vereshchaka, 2017), historic literature suggests otherwise. Okada (1928) remarked upon the presence of two pairs of red organs on the uropod of Acetes japonicus, which he suspected may have been statocysts or organs of similar function. ...
... Biological Reviews (2024) The language of light in decapods are benthopelagic shrimps of the coastal epipelagic and are distinct from Sergestidae in their complete chelae of the first pereopod and reduced fourth and fifth pereopods (Vereshchaka et al., 2016a;Vereshchaka, 2017). Although the literature states an absence of internal light organs or dermal photophores, photographs of live specimens of a recently described species, Sicyonella liui Chan 2020, reveal a series of red dots distributed throughout the carapace, abdomen, and along the appendages. ...
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... Approximately 200 g of samples were collected from every trawl, fixed in 10% formalin and brought back to the laboratory in the Faculty Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) for further analysis. Identification of Acetes was based on species identification keys provided by Pathansali (1966), Omori (1975), Amin et al. (2011) and Vereshchaka et al. (2016). ...
... Three species namely Acetes erythraeus, A. serrulatus and A. japonicus were identified in Miri coastal water and their descriptions agreed well with diagnosis and illustrations provided by Pathansali (1966), Omori (1975), Amin et al. (2011) and Vereshchaka et al. (2016). The morphological descriptions of these species have been described by Othman et al. (2020). ...
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... The shrimp samples were preserved in 70% ethanol in the field, specifically for molecular analysis work, and brought back to the laboratory in the Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. Prior to genetic analysis work, Acetes samples were identified using identification keys provided by Fischer and Bianchi [12], Amin et al. [13], Omori [14], Pathansali [15] and Vereshchaka et al. [16]. Two species were morphologically identified as A. erythraeus and A. serrulatus. ...
... On the other hand, Acetes spp. was found to be a coastal species with its entire life cycle occurring in the inner part of the ACS. Two species of the genus Acetes might occur on the ACS: A. americanus, which is distributed on the continental shelf of Brazil and is likely associated with coastal water masses, and A. marinus, which does not have a known larval development and is endemic to the influence area of the Amazon River mouth (D'Incao & Martins, 2000;Vereshchaka et al., 2015). Due to the difficulty in differentiating between the larval stages of these two species, it was not possible to determine if they are concurrent or if they have different distributions on the ACS. ...
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Dendrobranchiata shrimp taxonomic composition and spatial and temporal distribution on the Amazon continental shelf (ACS) were investigated along a transect between the sources of the Amazon and Pará Rivers, encompassing an extension of ~250 km towards the continental slope. Plankton was collected with oblique trawls (200 μm mesh size), and nine taxa were found; 59.4% were larvae (mysis or decapodid stages) and 40.6% were juveniles or adults. Acetes was negatively related to chlorophyll- a and temperature, and Luciferidae were positively correlated with months. This study provides novel information on the density distribution of dendrobranchiate shrimps, thus helping to pave the way to characterize a large-scale, hugely relevant area that is poorly studied. As in other tropical coastal areas, there is here an increase in number of taxa with increased distance from the coast. Luciferidae, Solenoceridae and Penaeidae were the most frequent families whereas Sicyoniidae and Sergestidae had the lowest frequency of occurrence nearer the slope. Despite the low larval density of penaeid shrimps, their presence in all months and at all sampling sites along the ACS proves the importance of this area for shrimps with socioeconomic relevance, as well as its importance as a nursery and growth habitat for dendrobranchiate shrimps.
... The systematic classification essentially follows Ng et al. (2008); Chan (2010); McLaughlin et al. (2010); Okawa and McLaughlin (2010); De Grave and Fransen (2011); but also considers later changes in particular taxa (Vereshchaka, 2000;Guinot et al., 2013;Vereshchaka et al., 2014Vereshchaka et al., , 2016De Grave et al., 2014;Davie et al. 2015;Shih et al., 2016). As in Marco-Herrero et al. (2015) paper, superfamilies are listed by systematic order following the Sections and Subsections as currently accepted, and in alphabetical order within them. ...
... Remarks: listed by Boschi et al. (1992) and Zolessi and Philippi (1995) as Peisos petrunkevitchi Burkenroad, 1945, the nomenclature had changed to Acetes petrunkevitchi (Burkenroad, 1945) according to Vereshchaka et al. (2016) Holmes, 1986;Vereshchaka and Lunina, 2015;USNMdb). Larval development partially described form plankton collected samples (Vera and Bacardit, 1987). ...
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IMPORTANT: This article and the supplementary material can be downloaded free from http://ctmfm.org/revista/30/volumen-26/ __________________________________________________________________________________ Twenty seven years ago, the Comisión Técnica Mixta del Frente Marítimo published a catalogue of marine decapod and stomatopod crustaceans registered in coasts, continental shelf and slope, and deep waters of Argentina (Boschi et al., 1992), that included 93 species of decapods. Later, a list of decapods of Uruguay appeared with 107 marine and estuarine species (Zolessi and Philippi, 1995). Since then, the acknowledgement of the importance of biodiversity for the human kind and the many processes affecting it, such as the growing rates of biological invasions and global climate change, make necessary to review previous knowledge on local biodiversity. Moreover, the incresing use of molecular techniques in taxonomic revisions have unveiled the existence of misidentifications, cryptic species and species complex in numbers that significantly alter our previous considerations on species richness at the local and regional scales. The present catalogue includes the addition and removal of species and an actualization of the published bibliography related with them. The study area comprises estuaries and marine waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean in front of Uruguay and Argentina (33-60ºS), including the coasts, continental shelf and slope, the contiguous abysal plains, the Malvinas, Georgias del Sur and Sandwich del Sur Islands and the Scotia Sea.
... However, Belzebub Vereshchaka, Olesen & Lunina, 2016 has been established as a new genus through morphological cladistic analysis. Therefore, Luciferidae is currently divided into two genera (Vereshchaka et al. 2016). The Belzebub consists of five species, of which B. intermedius is considered a euryhaline and a subtropical pelagic species with adaption to high temperatures (Xu 2010;WoRMS 2018). ...
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We determined the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Belzebub intermedius (Hansen, 1919). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first complete mitogenome in the family Luciferidae. The complete mitogenome of B. intermedius is 16,001 bp in length, with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and a control region (CR). The gene arrangement of B. intermedius is almost identical to that of the same sergestoid species, Acetes chinensis Hansen, 1919, except that there is no additional trnS1. A maximum-likelihood tree, constructed using 18 decapod mitogenomes, confirmed that B. intermedius occupied the most basal position within the suborder Dendrobranchiata.
... Simpler lobes, which are often considered as a second petasma, are present on the second pair of pleopods and may be used for withdrawal of spermatophores from genital pores of the males, and then passing them to his first petasma for transfer to the female (Bargmann, 1937). In addition to standard morphological characters, we also include for the first time copulatory organ characters (e.g. of the petasma) for Euphausiacea, as such information has proven phylogenetically important for other pelagic crustaceans (Vereshchaka et al., 2014(Vereshchaka et al., , 2016b(Vereshchaka et al., , c, 2017aVereshchaka and Lunina, 2015). We also analyse sequences of four genes and compare the resulting molecular and morphological trees. ...
... The use of characters of the petasma had a major impact on the result of the morphology-based phylogenetic analysis. The same has been shown previously for other pelagic crustaceans (Vereshchaka et al., 2014(Vereshchaka et al., , 2016b(Vereshchaka et al., , c, 2017aVereshchaka and Lunina, 2015), so the inclusion of characters of the petasma is highly recommended for phylogenetic analyses whenever possible. Indeed, the use of petasma characters in the Euphausiacea matrix doubled the number of supported clades. ...
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The first comprehensive phylogenetic study of Euphausiacea (all 86 valid species) is presented. It is based on four molecular markers and 168 morphological characters (including 58 characters of the petasma). Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly and robustness of the families Bentheuphausidae and Euphausiidae and reveal three major clades for which we erect three new subfamilies: Thysanopodinae, Euphausiinae and Nematoscelinae. All genus‐level clades are statistically supported (except Thysanopoda in molecular analyses), deeply nested within the subfamily‐level clades, and encompass 14 new species groups. Copulatory structures have a major impact on tree topology in the morphological analysis, the removal of which resulted in only half the number of supported clades and genera. We revealed three groups of morphological characters, which are probably coupled with the same biological role and thus interlinked evolutionarily: (i) antennular peduncle and petasma (copulation); (ii) eyes and anterior thoracopods (feeding); and (iii) shape of carapace and pleon (defence). We analysed the evolutionary pathways of the clades into main oceanic biotopes and compared them with morphological adaptations most likely to be coupled with this process.
... The phylogenetic tree of the family Sergestidae (adapted fromVereshchaka et al., 2016a), with the illustration of the male copulatory organs in the epi-/mesopelagic versus the bathypelagic and in the open ocean versus the coastal waters. Apetasma of Robustosergia regalis, Bpetasma of Acetes indicus, Cpetasma of Acetes paraguayensis, Dpetasma of Sergia inoa. the male. ...
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The megafauna of deep continental margin of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Uruguay have been little studied. The present study includes deep-sea trawling operations and represents the first analysis in detail of the deep-sea community of decapod crustaceans. Cluster analysis of bottom trawl data indicated that benthic megafauna are grouped in four bathymetric ranges along the continental margin: A, 250 > 1100 m; B, 1100 > 2000 m; C, 2000 > 3000 m; and D, 3000–3800 m, while pelagic species are not grouped by depth strata. The decapod individuals belong to 79 different species from which 64% correspond to shrimps (suborder Dendrobranchiata and infraorder Caridea), and the third most important group corresponds to the infraorder Anomura (18%). From those, previously 67% were not reported off Uruguay and 47% in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The bathymetric range of the identified decapods was enlarged by 32%. Moreover, the frequency distribution of species occurrences was rare since 56% of the species were only sampled once, thus indicating that the decapod community of this area is still far unknown. The benthic species were also more diverse than the pelagic decapods, and their abundance and biomass were higher. The biomass of the decapod community was dominated by the geryonid crab, Chaceon notialis, mainly located in the shallowest depth strata (representing 97% of the total biomass). To detect possible changes in the structure, biomass, and diversity of benthic assemblages, we recommend the implementation of long-term monitoring programs in the continental slope off Uruguay before fishing or mining exploitation is developed.