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Acalypha indica L. Parts utilized Leaves, stem, flowers, rootsand seeds Medicinal uses Plants are emetic, expectorant, laxative and diuretic; useful in bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis. Leaves are laxative and antiparasitic; ground with common salt or quicklime or lime juice applied externally in scabies 8. Leaf paste with lime juice prescribed for ringworm. Leaf juice is emetic for children.
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Euphorbiaceae is an important family which contains numerous medicinal plants. Today estimate that most of the people in developing countries still relays on traditional medicine based largely on species of plants in human being and animals for their primary healthcare. The family Euphorbiaceae is one of the largest family of flowering plants compr...
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This analysis was carried out to identify and compare the phytochemicals present in the n-hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Bridelia micrantha, Cassytha filiformis, Euphorbia hirta and Securinega virosa and their antimicrobial activities. The results showed presence of saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin and phenolics...
Citations
... The Euphorbiaceae family has approximately 9,000 species spread across 340 genera and 52 tribes, primarily found in various tropical regions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The genus Chrozophora A. Juss. ...
Chrozophora sabulosa Kar. & Kir. is a biennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and has medicinal properties. This research aimed to identify the genetic characteristics and phylogenetic position of the Chrozophora genus within the Euphorbiaceae family. The evolutionary position of the Chrozophora genus was previously unknown due to insufficient research. Therefore, to determine the evolutionary link between C. sabulosa and other related species, we conducted a study using the NGS Illumina platform to sequence the C. sabulosa chloroplast (cp.) genome. The study results showed that the genome was 156,488 bp in length. It had a quadripartite structure consisting of two inverted repeats (IRb and IRa) of 24,649-bp, separated by an 87,696-bp LSC region and a 19,494-bp SSC region. The CP genome contained 113 unique genes, including four rRNA genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 79 CDS genes. In the second copy of the inverted repeat, there were 18 duplicated genes. The C. sabulosa lacks the petD, petB, rpl2, and rps16 intron. The analysis of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) revealed 93 SSR loci of 22 types and 78 oligonucleotide repeats of four kinds. The phylogenetic investigation showed that the Chrozophora genus evolved paraphyletically from other members of the Euphorbiaceae family. To support the phylogenetic findings, we selected species from the Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthaceae families to compare with C. sabulosa for Ks and Ka substitution rates, InDels investigation, IR contraction and expansion, and SNPs analysis. The results of these comparative studies align with the phylogenetic findings. We identified six highly polymorphic regions shared by both families, which could be used as molecular identifiers for the Chrozophora genus (rpl33-rps18, rps18-rpl20, rps15-ycf1, ndhG-ndhI, psaI-ycf4, petA-psbJ). The cp. genome sequence of C. sabulosa reveals the evolution of plastid sequences in Chrozophora species. This is the first time the cp. genome of a Chrozophora genus has been sequenced, serving as a foundation for future sequencing of other species within the Chrozophoreae tribe and facilitating in-depth taxonomic research. The results of this research will also aid in identifying new Chrozophora species.
... They are primarily monoecious herbs, shrubs, and trees, although they can sometimes occasionally be succulent and cactus-like. The primary goals of this review study were to uncover the mystery surrounding the Euphorbiaceae family of plants' therapeutic properties, identify potential further uses for the plant, and compile scientific evidence supporting the plant's therapeutic worth [1]. Numerous members serve as vital food sources. ...
The Euphorbiaceae family has long been recognized for its diverse array of medicinal plants, containing bioactive
compounds with significant pharmacological properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the
pharmacological potential of the Euphorbiaceae family. Through an extensive literature search, we identify and analyze
studies highlighting the various pharmacological activities exhibited by members of this botanical family. These
activities include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, analgesic, and anti-oxidant effects, among
others. Furthermore, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of action of these bioactive compounds, shedding light
on their therapeutic relevance. Additionally, we discuss the traditional uses of Euphorbiaceae plants in indigenous
systems of medicine, as well as their integration into modern pharmaceutical practices. Overall, this review underscores
the significance of the Euphorbiaceae family in drug discovery and development, emphasizing the need for further
research to fully harness its potential for the benefit of global health.
... Over the past few decades, there has been a great increasing demand of plant's secondary metabolites in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to the toxic effects of synthesized chemical compounds utilized as precursors in the development of drugs ( Bernardini et al., 2018 ;Jain et al., 2019 ). Bioactive extraction for antimicrobial effect, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities, anti-allergic as well as anti-proliferative action on tumour cells have also received great research interest ( Islam et al., 2019 ;Mao et al., 2019 ;Yarl ı lar et al., 2022 ). ...
Previous investigations reported evaluation of biological, therapeutic and pharmacological activities of phenolic bioactive extract from Huntaria Umbellate Seed (HUS). However, process modelling and optimization, upscaling as well as techno-economic evaluation of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) of HUS are seldom documented in the literature. Therefore, this study presents black-box modelling, optimization and techno-economics of MAE of HUS. Box-Behken Design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied for modelling and optimizing experimental MAE factors: microwave power (520 – 1040 W), extraction time (2- 10 minutes), solid-liquid ratio (0.4 – 1 g/100 ml); and the responses: Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Process Yield (PY). Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) codes were programmed in Matlab 2019 for the phenolic extract recovery prediction. Process scale-up simulation and techno-economics were performed in ASPEN Batch Process Developer (ABPD) software. Coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9349 (BBD-RSM), 0.9959 (ANFIS) and 0.9772 (BBD-RSM), 0.9971 (ANFIS) were obtained for TPC and yield respectively. The optimal yield (24.2625 %) and TPC (7.89125 mg GAE/gdw) were obtained at extraction time (2 minutes) with microwave power (780 W) and solid-liquid ratio (0.4 g/ml). HUS extract HPLC result contains bentulinic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, elliagic acid, rutin and Qucertin. Techno-economic results gave batch size, batch time, production rate, total capital investment, annual production cost and payback time of 5 kg, 137 mins, 0.0364 kg/min, USD80398, USD456000 and 2.29 years respectively. Therefore, preliminary bioactive extract production from HUS is techno-economically feasible.
... The Euphorbiaceae is largely composed of monoecious herbs, shrubs, and trees, sometimes succulent and cactus-like, consisting of one of the largest families of plants with around 300 genera and 7500 species (Islam et al., 2019). Euphorbia is a genus of flowering plants in the Euphorbiaceae family. ...
In the study, it was aimed to examine the effect of height, body weight, push-ups, pull-ups in the pull-ups
and weightless, 8 and 16 kg weight climbing times, and the relationship between ascent and descent times
and Body Mass Index (BMI) of the study groups that trained two different rope climbing techniques.The
study model was planned as a pre-post-test quasi-experimental with two experimental groups. A total of 60
male volunteers [Compression Technique (ST), N=30 and Ladder Technique (MT) N=30] individuals were included in the study.In education; Five weeks, three days a week, 50 minutes of technical rope climbing
training was carried out, and the relationship between the effect of different strength intensities on climbing
times and BMI was examined.In the quasi-experimental planned study, the homogeneity of the groups was
ensured according to the pre-test values, and the ST and MT teaching and training program was applied for
five weeks.In the measurements taken before the study and at the end of the five-week study; height, body
weight, push-ups, pull-ups in the pull-ups and weightless, 8 to 16 kg climbing times were measured.Before
processing the obtained data, the entered data was checked in order to work with a complete and correct data
set. In the processing of the data, it was examined whether the research variables had a normal distribution.
For this, skewness, kurtosis coefficients, histogram graph and Q-Q plot were used.The homogeneity
assumption was checked with the Levene test to examine whether the groups were evenly distributed in the
hypotheses in which the mean differences in the pre-test values were examined.Since the distribution was
normal, Pearson correlation analysis was used for the relationship between T-Test variables and BMI in prepost-
test comparisons.As a result of the analyzes made; It was determined that both techniques of climbing
significantly increased arm strength, the relationship between climbing and descending times of climbing
and BMI was positively correlated with unweighted ascent-descent time in MT, and negatively correlated
with 8-16 kg ascent-downhill times; It was determined that there was a negative correlation between ST and
unweighted and 8 kg ascent and descent times, and a positive correlation between 16 kg weight ascent and
descent times.
Keywords: Rope, Climbing, Body Mass Index, Arm Strength, Weight, Duration
... The Euphorbiaceae is largely composed of monoecious herbs, shrubs, and trees, sometimes succulent and cactus-like, consisting of one of the largest families of plants with around 300 genera and 7500 species (Islam et al., 2019). Euphorbia is a genus of flowering plants in the Euphorbiaceae family. ...
A COMPARATIVE PHENOTYPE AND GENOTYPE STUDY OF THE ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANCE SALMONELLA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM CHICKEN MEAT IN BAKU,
AZERBAIJAN AND TYLER, TEXAS, USA
Asaf M.Omarov1, Ali Azghani2, Siala Rustamova3, Saida Aliyeva4, Javid Mammadov5
1Khazar University, Life Sciences department, Baku, Azerbaijan
2 The University of Texas at Tyler, Biology department, Tyler, The USA
3Veterinary Scientific Research Institute, Baku, Azerbaijan
4. The ADA University, Baku, Azerbaijan
5 Javid Mammadov, Baku, Azerbaijan Poultry Company
INTRODUCTION
The modern intensive integrated livestock production systems require regular antibiotics used at farms to
maintain animal health and production. The use of antibiotics in food animal production has been implicated
as a contributing factor to the emergence of drug resistance in human foodborne pathogens(Davies & Wray,
1997). Certain antibiotics, when given in low, subtherapeutic doses, are known to improve feed conversion
efficiency (more output, such as muscle or milk, for a given amount of feed) and may promote greater
growth, most likely by affecting gut flora (By Christopher D. Reinhardt, 2013). The regular and
irresponsible use of antibiotics in modern veterinary practices is associated with the emergence of different
multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. These MDR pathogens of animal origin may be disseminated to humans
via the wider environment including food products, sewage, and agricultural system. Salmonella is an
important pathogen highly associated with poultry products such as eggs and chicken meat(Velasquez et al.,
2018)
Salmonella organisms may become resistant to antimicrobials by modifying or inactivating the antimicrobial
agent, modifying the antimicrobial target, the action of the efflux pumps, or cell membrane permeability.
(Hawe et al., 2022; Mulvey et al., 2006) Genomic events constitute a central process in the mobilization of
genetic elements and associated mobile antibiotic resistance antibiotic resistance-encoding genes in different
settings (Burrus & Waldor, 2004). The movement of bacteria from the environment to animals and humans
(and vice-versa) contributes to an increase in the mobilome (mobile gene pool) (Kav et al., 2012). These
genetic exchanges have been significantly reported among human and animal guts (Devirgiliis et al., 2011).
Material and Methods
The fresh chicken meat was collected from retail markets in the city of Tyler, Texas, and Baku, Azerbaijan.
The samples were processed in Dr. Azghani’s Laboratory at the University of Texas at Tyler and the
Laboratory of Khazar University, Baku Azerbaijan.
TSB, TSA, Mueller-Hinton Agar, and MacConkey Agar were used for Salmonella spp. isolation and
counting CFU. Difco Salmonella O antiserum Poly A – I and Vi serum was used as a screening test, PCR
(16S) was implemented for conformation. QIAamp ® DNA Mini and Blood kit was used for DNA
extraction. Cefotaxime 30ug, Imipenem 10ug, Colistin 10ug, Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid 20ug/10ug,
Aztreonam 30ug, Chloramphenicol 30ug, Sulfamethoxazole+Trimethoprim 23.75ug/1.25ug, Ciprofloxacin
5ug, Gentamicin 10ug antibiotic discs were used for phenotypical identification to AMR ability to isolated
Salmonella spp. 16S, blaIMP blaNDM-1 mcr-1 aadB genes are considered a gene of interest, Cyber green
Super Mix was used for the recognition AMR genes.
International Congress on Natural & Medical Sciences
Proceedings book
www.egekongreleri.org | iksad47@gmail.com | September 02-04, 2022 / Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye 18
Results
1. AMR Salmonella spp. was detected in both countries
2. Mobile genetics elements were separated from isolated Salmonella spp.
3. Bacteria isolated from Azerbaijan and Tyler (the USA) demonstrated different phenotypes and genotypes
AMR ability
4. Different mobile genetic elements were detected based on phenotype antibiotic resistance variation in
Salmonella spp.
5. Various resistance to unique antibiotics were dissimilar for these countries
... The Euphorbiaceae is largely composed of monoecious herbs, shrubs, and trees, sometimes succulent and cactus-like, consisting of one of the largest families of plants with around 300 genera and 7500 species (Islam et al., 2019). Euphorbia is a genus of flowering plants in the Euphorbiaceae family. ...
AMR Salmonella spp. was detected in both countries. Mobile genetics elements were separated from isolated Salmonella spp. Bacteria isolated from Azerbaijan and Tyler (the USA) demonstrated different phenotypes and genotypes AMR ability. Different mobile genetic elements were detected based on phenotype antibiotic resistance variation in
Salmonella spp. Various resistance to unique antibiotics were dissimilar for these countries
... The cyclic peptides isolated from the latex of these plants are effective against carcinoma cells (Wele et al., 2007). The latex has been used as a disinfectant and a therapeutic remedy for the treatment of toothache, heartburns, and ulcers, and fastens the wound healing process (Islam et al., 2019). The oil obtained from Euphorbiaceous plants is used for skin diseases, hair growth stimulants, muscle relaxation, and paralysis in various parts of the world (Salehi et al., 2019). ...
The members of the family Euphorbiaceae planted as ornamental plants are rich sources of medicinally important phytochemical antioxidants. The study aimed the comparative evaluation of phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of different parts of seven different plants of family Euphorbiaceae including Euphorbiahirta, Euphorbiaprostrata, Chrozophoratinctoria,Euphorbia milli, Euphorbia cotinifolia, Euphorbiatirucalli, and Ricinuscommunis. The selected parts of the plants were extracted in 70% methanol and the extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening and phytochemical and antioxidant analysis. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. The root, stem, and leaves of each of the selected plants consisted of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and glycosides with few exceptions. The terpenoids and anthocyanins were mostly found in the studied parts of E.tirucalli, and R. communis. The total extract yield, total phemolics, total flavonoids, total tannins, and ascorbic acid content of the extracts ranged from 2.42±0.53 to 10.20±2.02, 0.07±0.01 to 0.34±0.1, 0.07±0.02 to 0.81±0.04, 0.12±0.02 to 0.29±0.05, and 0.17±0.03 to 0.51±0.04 g/100 g dry weight respectively. The content were found to be statistically different (p<0.05) in the studied parts of the selected plants The antioxidant potential in terms of total antioxidant activity, anti-radical capacity, and reducing power was also found to be statistically different (p<0.05) in different parts of the studied plants except for ascorbic acid content of stem. E.tirucalli, R. communis, and E. milli were found to be comparatively good in phytochemical composition while R.communis showed the highest antioxidant potential among the selected plants.
... The cyclic peptides isolated from the latex of these plants are effective against carcinoma cells (Wele et al., 2007). The latex has been used as a disinfectant and a therapeutic remedy for the treatment of toothache, heartburns, and ulcers, and fastens the wound healing process (Islam et al., 2019). The oil obtained from Euphorbiaceous plants is used for skin diseases, hair growth stimulants, muscle relaxation, and paralysis in various parts of the world (Salehi et al., 2019). ...
... A variety of Euphorbiaceae species have been traditionally used to cure many diseases including warts, ulcers, skin problems, circulatory and nervous system disorders, respiratory diseases, and gastrointestinal problems (Lu and Chao, 2012;Ernst et al., 2015;Aliomrani et al., 2017). Moreover, euphorbiaceous plants are known to possess anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-leishmanial, insecticidal, and most importantly antitumor activities (Islam et al., 2019). For instance, Euphorbia antiquorum (Hsieh et al., 2015) Euphorbia Triaculeata (Al-Faifi et al., 2017), Ricinus communis (Darmanin et al., 2009), Jatropha curcas (Oskoueian et al., 2011), Acalpha indica (Chekuri et al., 2017), Codiaeum variegatum (Venkatesan et al., 2016), and Euphorbia hirta (Tran et al., 2020) were previously described for their anti-tumor activities against different types of cancer cell lines including Hella, Jurkat, MCF-7, PC-3, HepG2, A-549, Col-2, . ...
Background
Numerous plants of Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family are traditionally used for the treatment of different diseases and recent studies also reported anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities of these plants. However, the medicinal potential of several indigenous euphorbiaceous plants of Pakistan is not described yet. Therefore, we intended to evaluate the in vitro anti-breast cancer potential of 10 euphorbiaceous plants of Pakistan.
Methods
Cytotoxic screening of ethanolic extracts of selected plants was performed by MTT assay. The qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed to find the major groups of chemicals responsible for cytotoxic activity. To determine the genotoxic effect of plant extracts, microscopic analysis was carried out. Flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopic analysis were done to detect apoptosis. To find out the expression analysis of cell cycle and cell death regulatory genes, quantitative real-time polymerase reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed.
Results
Among the 10 tested plants, ethanolic extracts of Croton tiglium (CTL) and Euphorbia royleana (ERA) were found to possess the highest anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7), with IC50 values 100 and 80 µg/mL respectively. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and steroids in both plant extracts, whereas, glycosides and saponins were found only in CTL and ERA, respectively. The cellular aberrations and nuclear morphologies with a distinct DNA laddering pattern substantiated the genotoxic effects. Furthermore, our data showed that CTL and ERA induce cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase by down-regulating the CDK4 and Cyclin D1 expression followed by caspase-dependent induction of apoptosis in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. However, based on the activation of initiator and executioner caspases, two distinct types of apoptotic pathways are proposed for these plants. The CTL prompted extrinsic while ERA triggered the intrinsic pathways of apoptosis.
Conclusion
Our data demonstrate the strong anti-proliferative and caspase-dependent apoptotic potential of CTL and ERA against breast cancer cells. Further studies are suggested to find clinical implications of these plants in breast cancer therapeutic.
