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Acalypha indica L. Parts utilized Leaves, stem, flowers, rootsand seeds Medicinal uses Plants are emetic, expectorant, laxative and diuretic; useful in bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis. Leaves are laxative and antiparasitic; ground with common salt or quicklime or lime juice applied externally in scabies 8. Leaf paste with lime juice prescribed for ringworm. Leaf juice is emetic for children.
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Euphorbiaceae is an important family which contains numerous medicinal plants. Today estimate that most of the people in developing countries still relays on traditional medicine based largely on species of plants in human being and animals for their primary healthcare. The family Euphorbiaceae is one of the largest family of flowering plants compr...
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This analysis was carried out to identify and compare the phytochemicals present in the n-hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Bridelia micrantha, Cassytha filiformis, Euphorbia hirta and Securinega virosa and their antimicrobial activities. The results showed presence of saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin and phenolics...
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... Plants from the Zingiberaceae family are very commonly found in the Indonesian region. This is because Indonesia has a tropical climate that is very suitable for the growth of various types of plants, one of which is the Zingiberaceae family [15] According to [16], the Euphorbiaceae family is a family of flowering plants with 300 genera and around 7,500 species. This family is commonly found in tropical regions, with most of its species in the Indo-Malay and tropical American regions. ...
Indonesia is recognized for its rich biodiversity, particularly in herbal plants, with the Zingiberaceae and Euphorbiaceae families being prominent in traditional medicine. This study focuses on the identification and documentation of herbal plants from these families in Sumberbrantas Village, Bumiaji District, Batu, East Java, where the favorable climate and fertile soil support their growth. Despite the potential, there is limited documentation of these plants, which is crucial for optimizing their benefits and ensuring adherence to halal cultivation practices. The halal concept encompasses not only the end products but also environmentally friendly cultivation processes compliant with Islamic law, including seed selection, organic fertilization, and post-harvest processing. This research identifies key species such as ginger (Zingiber officinale), turmeric (Curcuma longa), and cassava (Manihot esculenta), highlighting their health benefits and economic potential. The study employs morphological observations and comparisons with botanical literature to ensure accurate identification. The findings reveal that all identified plants are cultivated according to halal principles, enhancing their marketability and sustainability. The results underscore the importance of halal-based mini herbal gardens as a model for integrated herbal plant management, promoting health, economic growth, and environmental sustainability within the local community. This research contributes to the understanding of herbal biodiversity in Indonesia and supports the development of sustainable agricultural practices aligned with halal standards.
... One of the plants that is interesting to study is Acalypha indica L. This weed is known for its herbal medicinal properties [18], [19]. It has also been studied as a natural larvicide for Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles sp. ...
Number one of the issues in controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is the limitations of using chemical repellents, which often have harmful side effects for humans and the environment. The solution to this problem is using natural materials, such as Acalypha indica L . This study aims to inform the results of analyzing the potential of leaf extract Acalypha indica in repelling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This study is experimental, using a post-test-only control group design. The subjects of the study are leaf extracts of Acalypha indica at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The object is 2-5 days old female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, totaling 675 individuals with 9 replications. The research variables include the number of mosquitoes landing and the protective efficacy. Data were collected through measurements and observations and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. At the 6th hour of testing, the protective efficacy for concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% was 75%, 70%, and 90%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in protective efficacy among the treatment groups (p<0.05). The concentration of 20% has proven potential in repelling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, with 90% protective efficacy until the 6th hour of testing, according to the standards set by the Indonesian Pesticide Commission.
... A variety of modes of action appear to be employed by phytosterols, including the stimulation of malignant cell death and the prevention of carcinogen formation, cancer-cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis 9 The Euphorbiaceae family is a significant one that includes a variety of therapeutic plants. 10 A phytochemical analysis of the Euphorbiaceae family revealed the presence of glycoproteins, lectins, phorbol esters, diterpenes, triterpenes, sterols, and saponins 11 .Usually therapeutic plants with high levels of naturally occurring phytoestrogens, or chemicals that resemble estrogen. These have been demonstrated to have a variety of impacts on people, such as the prevention of malignancies 12 and the enhancement of brain function 13 .It was proposed that eating foods high in phytoestrogens could lower the risk of contracting breast cancer 14 While the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line's in vitro proliferation is inhibited by dietary phytoestrogen ingestion 15 One recognized phytosterol with estrogen-mimicking properties is β-sitosterol 16. ...
This study explores the potential anticancer properties of phytosterols like beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol isolated from Euphorbia Pulcherrima leaves and Ricinus communis seed with synergestic effect. Mechanism of Beta-sitosterol suppresses angiogenesis and metastasis and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. It also inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.While Stigmasterol suppresses the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways while inducing autophagy and death. Additionally both exhibit wound healing activity, antibacterial, antiulcer, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Both phytosterols have been shown to be effective against various breast cancer cell. The in-vitro anticancer activity of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, as well as their combination shows synergistic effect against the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (hormone receptor-positive) Inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and MDA-MB-231 (hormone receptor-negative) Suppress cell migration and invasion. along with their percentage inhibition using the MTT at several concentration ranges between 6.12 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. At a dosage of 100 μg/ml, its combination exhibits the maximum percent inhibition. A bliss independence model was used to examine the synergistic action of β- sitosterol and stigmasterol. Because of their low toxicity and natural origin, they are interesting to candidates for combination therapy with other anticancer agents. These findings suggest that phytosterols may be effective against multiple breast cancer subtypes, To completely comprehend their causes and treatment approaches, more investigation is required.
... The family Euphorbiaceae, also called the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants with 300 genera and around 7,500 species (Islam et al., 2019). Most spurges are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees. ...
... Plants from this family contains various compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponin, phenolic compounds, fatty acid, esters, minerals, etc. that have showed different activities in human beings and animals. Species of Euphorbiaceae are extensively used as remedies against several diseases such as cancer, diabetes, diarrhea, heart diseases, hemorrhages, hepatitis, jaundice, malaria, ophthalmic diseases, rheumatism and scabies, etc [1]. Acalypha wilkesiana is traditionally known to have remarkable medicinal values and nearly every organ of the plant, such as the stems, roots and leaves, are used as a therapeutic agent to treat and control a variety of diseases owing to their broad phytochemical constituents [2,3]. ...
Aims: To study antifungal activity and phytochemical analysis of Euphorbiaceae members. Study Design: Experimental. Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at the Department of Botany, Maharashtra College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Mumbai, India, over a period spanning from April 2022 to December 2023. Methodology: Six medicinal plants from the Euphorbiaceae family were tested for their antifungal activity in vitro and phytochemical profile. Plant extracts were prepared in different concentrations of methanolic extracts and tested against five plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata for their antifungal activity. In preliminary screening, all the plant extracts were tested against fungi using the poisoned food technique. Results: The extract with 20% concentration was found to be most effective in inhibiting mycelia growth. Phyllanthus emblica exhibited 100% inhibition in the extract with 20% conc. Whereas, Codiaeum variegatum exhibited the lowest inhibition i.e. 10.74% in the extract with 5% conc. In preliminary phytochemical analyses, all the plants showed the presence of tannin, saponin, flavonoid, phenol, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides and protein except in Jatropha pandurifolia in which few secondary metabolites were present.
... The Euphorbiaceae family has approximately 9,000 species spread across 340 genera and 52 tribes, primarily found in various tropical regions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The genus Chrozophora A. Juss. ...
Chrozophora sabulosa Kar. & Kir. is a biennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and has medicinal properties. This research aimed to identify the genetic characteristics and phylogenetic position of the Chrozophora genus within the Euphorbiaceae family. The evolutionary position of the Chrozophora genus was previously unknown due to insufficient research. Therefore, to determine the evolutionary link between C. sabulosa and other related species, we conducted a study using the NGS Illumina platform to sequence the C. sabulosa chloroplast (cp.) genome. The study results showed that the genome was 156,488 bp in length. It had a quadripartite structure consisting of two inverted repeats (IRb and IRa) of 24,649-bp, separated by an 87,696-bp LSC region and a 19,494-bp SSC region. The CP genome contained 113 unique genes, including four rRNA genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 79 CDS genes. In the second copy of the inverted repeat, there were 18 duplicated genes. The C. sabulosa lacks the petD, petB, rpl2, and rps16 intron. The analysis of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) revealed 93 SSR loci of 22 types and 78 oligonucleotide repeats of four kinds. The phylogenetic investigation showed that the Chrozophora genus evolved paraphyletically from other members of the Euphorbiaceae family. To support the phylogenetic findings, we selected species from the Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthaceae families to compare with C. sabulosa for Ks and Ka substitution rates, InDels investigation, IR contraction and expansion, and SNPs analysis. The results of these comparative studies align with the phylogenetic findings. We identified six highly polymorphic regions shared by both families, which could be used as molecular identifiers for the Chrozophora genus (rpl33-rps18, rps18-rpl20, rps15-ycf1, ndhG-ndhI, psaI-ycf4, petA-psbJ). The cp. genome sequence of C. sabulosa reveals the evolution of plastid sequences in Chrozophora species. This is the first time the cp. genome of a Chrozophora genus has been sequenced, serving as a foundation for future sequencing of other species within the Chrozophoreae tribe and facilitating in-depth taxonomic research. The results of this research will also aid in identifying new Chrozophora species.
... They are primarily monoecious herbs, shrubs, and trees, although they can sometimes occasionally be succulent and cactus-like. The primary goals of this review study were to uncover the mystery surrounding the Euphorbiaceae family of plants' therapeutic properties, identify potential further uses for the plant, and compile scientific evidence supporting the plant's therapeutic worth [1]. Numerous members serve as vital food sources. ...
The Euphorbiaceae family has long been recognized for its diverse array of medicinal plants, containing bioactive
compounds with significant pharmacological properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the
pharmacological potential of the Euphorbiaceae family. Through an extensive literature search, we identify and analyze
studies highlighting the various pharmacological activities exhibited by members of this botanical family. These
activities include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, analgesic, and anti-oxidant effects, among
others. Furthermore, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of action of these bioactive compounds, shedding light
on their therapeutic relevance. Additionally, we discuss the traditional uses of Euphorbiaceae plants in indigenous
systems of medicine, as well as their integration into modern pharmaceutical practices. Overall, this review underscores
the significance of the Euphorbiaceae family in drug discovery and development, emphasizing the need for further
research to fully harness its potential for the benefit of global health.
... Over the past few decades, there has been a great increasing demand of plant's secondary metabolites in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to the toxic effects of synthesized chemical compounds utilized as precursors in the development of drugs ( Bernardini et al., 2018 ;Jain et al., 2019 ). Bioactive extraction for antimicrobial effect, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities, anti-allergic as well as anti-proliferative action on tumour cells have also received great research interest ( Islam et al., 2019 ;Mao et al., 2019 ;Yarl ı lar et al., 2022 ). ...
Previous investigations reported evaluation of biological, therapeutic and pharmacological activities of phenolic bioactive extract from Huntaria Umbellate Seed (HUS). However, process modelling and optimization, upscaling as well as techno-economic evaluation of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) of HUS are seldom documented in the literature. Therefore, this study presents black-box modelling, optimization and techno-economics of MAE of HUS. Box-Behken Design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied for modelling and optimizing experimental MAE factors: microwave power (520 – 1040 W), extraction time (2- 10 minutes), solid-liquid ratio (0.4 – 1 g/100 ml); and the responses: Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Process Yield (PY). Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) codes were programmed in Matlab 2019 for the phenolic extract recovery prediction. Process scale-up simulation and techno-economics were performed in ASPEN Batch Process Developer (ABPD) software. Coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9349 (BBD-RSM), 0.9959 (ANFIS) and 0.9772 (BBD-RSM), 0.9971 (ANFIS) were obtained for TPC and yield respectively. The optimal yield (24.2625 %) and TPC (7.89125 mg GAE/gdw) were obtained at extraction time (2 minutes) with microwave power (780 W) and solid-liquid ratio (0.4 g/ml). HUS extract HPLC result contains bentulinic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, elliagic acid, rutin and Qucertin. Techno-economic results gave batch size, batch time, production rate, total capital investment, annual production cost and payback time of 5 kg, 137 mins, 0.0364 kg/min, USD80398, USD456000 and 2.29 years respectively. Therefore, preliminary bioactive extract production from HUS is techno-economically feasible.
... The Euphorbiaceae is largely composed of monoecious herbs, shrubs, and trees, sometimes succulent and cactus-like, consisting of one of the largest families of plants with around 300 genera and 7500 species (Islam et al., 2019). Euphorbia is a genus of flowering plants in the Euphorbiaceae family. ...
In the study, it was aimed to examine the effect of height, body weight, push-ups, pull-ups in the pull-ups
and weightless, 8 and 16 kg weight climbing times, and the relationship between ascent and descent times
and Body Mass Index (BMI) of the study groups that trained two different rope climbing techniques.The
study model was planned as a pre-post-test quasi-experimental with two experimental groups. A total of 60
male volunteers [Compression Technique (ST), N=30 and Ladder Technique (MT) N=30] individuals were included in the study.In education; Five weeks, three days a week, 50 minutes of technical rope climbing
training was carried out, and the relationship between the effect of different strength intensities on climbing
times and BMI was examined.In the quasi-experimental planned study, the homogeneity of the groups was
ensured according to the pre-test values, and the ST and MT teaching and training program was applied for
five weeks.In the measurements taken before the study and at the end of the five-week study; height, body
weight, push-ups, pull-ups in the pull-ups and weightless, 8 to 16 kg climbing times were measured.Before
processing the obtained data, the entered data was checked in order to work with a complete and correct data
set. In the processing of the data, it was examined whether the research variables had a normal distribution.
For this, skewness, kurtosis coefficients, histogram graph and Q-Q plot were used.The homogeneity
assumption was checked with the Levene test to examine whether the groups were evenly distributed in the
hypotheses in which the mean differences in the pre-test values were examined.Since the distribution was
normal, Pearson correlation analysis was used for the relationship between T-Test variables and BMI in prepost-
test comparisons.As a result of the analyzes made; It was determined that both techniques of climbing
significantly increased arm strength, the relationship between climbing and descending times of climbing
and BMI was positively correlated with unweighted ascent-descent time in MT, and negatively correlated
with 8-16 kg ascent-downhill times; It was determined that there was a negative correlation between ST and
unweighted and 8 kg ascent and descent times, and a positive correlation between 16 kg weight ascent and
descent times.
Keywords: Rope, Climbing, Body Mass Index, Arm Strength, Weight, Duration
... The Euphorbiaceae is largely composed of monoecious herbs, shrubs, and trees, sometimes succulent and cactus-like, consisting of one of the largest families of plants with around 300 genera and 7500 species (Islam et al., 2019). Euphorbia is a genus of flowering plants in the Euphorbiaceae family. ...
A COMPARATIVE PHENOTYPE AND GENOTYPE STUDY OF THE ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANCE SALMONELLA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM CHICKEN MEAT IN BAKU,
AZERBAIJAN AND TYLER, TEXAS, USA
Asaf M.Omarov1, Ali Azghani2, Siala Rustamova3, Saida Aliyeva4, Javid Mammadov5
1Khazar University, Life Sciences department, Baku, Azerbaijan
2 The University of Texas at Tyler, Biology department, Tyler, The USA
3Veterinary Scientific Research Institute, Baku, Azerbaijan
4. The ADA University, Baku, Azerbaijan
5 Javid Mammadov, Baku, Azerbaijan Poultry Company
INTRODUCTION
The modern intensive integrated livestock production systems require regular antibiotics used at farms to
maintain animal health and production. The use of antibiotics in food animal production has been implicated
as a contributing factor to the emergence of drug resistance in human foodborne pathogens(Davies & Wray,
1997). Certain antibiotics, when given in low, subtherapeutic doses, are known to improve feed conversion
efficiency (more output, such as muscle or milk, for a given amount of feed) and may promote greater
growth, most likely by affecting gut flora (By Christopher D. Reinhardt, 2013). The regular and
irresponsible use of antibiotics in modern veterinary practices is associated with the emergence of different
multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. These MDR pathogens of animal origin may be disseminated to humans
via the wider environment including food products, sewage, and agricultural system. Salmonella is an
important pathogen highly associated with poultry products such as eggs and chicken meat(Velasquez et al.,
2018)
Salmonella organisms may become resistant to antimicrobials by modifying or inactivating the antimicrobial
agent, modifying the antimicrobial target, the action of the efflux pumps, or cell membrane permeability.
(Hawe et al., 2022; Mulvey et al., 2006) Genomic events constitute a central process in the mobilization of
genetic elements and associated mobile antibiotic resistance antibiotic resistance-encoding genes in different
settings (Burrus & Waldor, 2004). The movement of bacteria from the environment to animals and humans
(and vice-versa) contributes to an increase in the mobilome (mobile gene pool) (Kav et al., 2012). These
genetic exchanges have been significantly reported among human and animal guts (Devirgiliis et al., 2011).
Material and Methods
The fresh chicken meat was collected from retail markets in the city of Tyler, Texas, and Baku, Azerbaijan.
The samples were processed in Dr. Azghani’s Laboratory at the University of Texas at Tyler and the
Laboratory of Khazar University, Baku Azerbaijan.
TSB, TSA, Mueller-Hinton Agar, and MacConkey Agar were used for Salmonella spp. isolation and
counting CFU. Difco Salmonella O antiserum Poly A – I and Vi serum was used as a screening test, PCR
(16S) was implemented for conformation. QIAamp ® DNA Mini and Blood kit was used for DNA
extraction. Cefotaxime 30ug, Imipenem 10ug, Colistin 10ug, Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid 20ug/10ug,
Aztreonam 30ug, Chloramphenicol 30ug, Sulfamethoxazole+Trimethoprim 23.75ug/1.25ug, Ciprofloxacin
5ug, Gentamicin 10ug antibiotic discs were used for phenotypical identification to AMR ability to isolated
Salmonella spp. 16S, blaIMP blaNDM-1 mcr-1 aadB genes are considered a gene of interest, Cyber green
Super Mix was used for the recognition AMR genes.
International Congress on Natural & Medical Sciences
Proceedings book
www.egekongreleri.org | iksad47@gmail.com | September 02-04, 2022 / Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye 18
Results
1. AMR Salmonella spp. was detected in both countries
2. Mobile genetics elements were separated from isolated Salmonella spp.
3. Bacteria isolated from Azerbaijan and Tyler (the USA) demonstrated different phenotypes and genotypes
AMR ability
4. Different mobile genetic elements were detected based on phenotype antibiotic resistance variation in
Salmonella spp.
5. Various resistance to unique antibiotics were dissimilar for these countries
