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Abb. 2 Schematische Darstellung der striatalen Nebensysteme und deren kortikale Projektionen: Der rote Pfeil kennzeichnet die Efferenz vom vmPFC, der dunkelorange vom OFC, der hellorange vom ACC und der gelbe Pfeil kennzeichnet die Efferenzen vom dPFC; die braunen Pfeile beschreiben die relevanten Verbindungen des Belohnungssystems. Abkürzungen: Amy, Amygdala-Komplex; dACC, dorsaler anteriorer Cingulärer Kortex; dPFC, dorsaler präfrontaler Kortex; Hipp, Hippocampus; LHb, laterale Habenula ; Hypo, Hypothalamus; OFC, orbitaler frontaler Kortex; PPT, Pedunculopontiner Nucleus; S, shell, SNc, substantia nigra, pars compacta; STN, subthalamischer Nucleus.; VP, ventrales Pallidum; VTA, ventrale tegmentale Area; vmPFC, ventraler medialer präfrontaler Kortex. (Übernommen aus: Haber SN, Rauch SL. Neurocircuitry: a window into the networks underlying neuropsychiatric disease. Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 35: 1 – 3).
Source publication
The interaction of basal ganglia and other brain regions is more complex regarding anatomic and functional perspectives than previously assumed. Hence, the classical basal ganglia model has to be extended to at least four satellite systems modulating motor-executive, associative and limbic-motivational brain regions: (i) an indirect projection syst...
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Citations
Symptomatically effective forms of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases have been developed in the last 50 years based on the knowledge about the pathophysiological and neurochemical context in the central nervous system. These so far represent the basis of available treatment options. Knowledge of the pathophysiological and neurochemical context, however, is not only necessary for the development of treatment but also enables a meaningful implementation of currently available substances. The most important neuropathological and neurochemical alterations that characterize Parkinsonʼs disease and Alzheimer type dementia are briefly presented. In recent years, new substances ranging from symptomatic to disease-modifying treatment options have been developed, the latter mostly based on the neuropathologically detectable alterations. Recent results from clinical studies raise hopes that disease-modifying treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases will become available in the foreseeable future.
