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Die Entwicklung zu einer nachhaltigen Wirtschaftsweise wird insbesondere durch Veränderungsprozesse in einzelnen Schlüsselbranchen
vorangetrieben. Zu einer solchen Schlüsselbranche gehört der Energiesektor. Ein nachhaltiger Branchenwandel basiert dabei
auf einem differenzierten Zusammenspiel von technologischen Entwicklungen, von politischer Rahmen...
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Citations
... With regard to the sustainability context, this can be demonstrated using, for example, the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) model, which was conceptualized by Geels et al. as a contribution to international transition research (Geels & Schot, 2010;Kemp et al., 2007;Loorbach, 2010). The MLP model systematically describes and analyzes patterns of transformation and change dynamics (Schneidewind & Scheck, 2012). In this model, "niche innovations" in particular have significant potential to lead to fundamental new developments. ...
Climate change, the destruction of the environment, and resource scarcity—the developments associated with these phenomena are posing ever greater challenges for humanity today and require solutions, both in a regional context and at a global level. The sustainability debate has long dominated everyday politics in Germany and elsewhere. The need for comprehensive changes in attitudes, behavior, and rules is acknowledged, and people are—in principle—aware of the great challenges that lie ahead. Yet progress is very slow in setting the necessary course for the future, and, in the light of looming ecological tipping points, this can seem quite alarming. This paper addresses the question of how to generate significantly more implementation potential in our society and bring together what are often uncoordinated developments to achieve a truly “great transformation” toward more sustainable structures in business, society, and the environment. The focus is put on the significance of innovation and entrepreneurial thinking and acting and its early, systematic manifestations. It is argued why appropriately designed, youth entrepreneurship education (YEE) could be an important factor in this context.
... However, rather pessimistic actors about a transition of transport and mobility rarely formulated any problem solutions in the material. This seems plausible insofar as those actors in favour of a mobility transition strive to improve the status quo, while those who reject it tend to defend the status quo and view changes with concern [52]. In addition, the incumbent governing parties in 2020, i.e. ...
Background
Applying the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) on socio-technical transitions, paired with the interdisciplinary framing approach, this paper investigates how incumbent actors of automobility in Germany framed the issue of a "transition of mobility and transport" ("Verkehrs/Mobilitätswende") in their public communication in 2020. We first identified representatives of industry, science, policy, and media, since the Verkehrs/Mobilitätswende and its implementation measures are contested among these actors. Employing qualitative content analysis, we then screened 325 public documents according to the elements of the framing approach problem definition, causal interpretation , moral evaluation , and treatment recommendation .
Results
Findings show that most of the actors frame a transformation of transport and mobility as a necessity. Their arguments encompass environmental and climate-related issues as well as infrastructural problems for bikes and public transport caused by the hegemony of automobility. The actors propose a variety of solutions, primarily focusing on technical innovations for cars or on the expansion of different infrastructures to achieve a modal shift towards sustainable mobility.
Conclusion
This paper demonstrates that there is no common understanding of the problems and solutions to foster a mobility transition, as the diversity of problems and solutions proposed within the frame elements is high and complicates the prevailing implementation gap of the mobility transition. Therefore, MLP should be conceptually and methodologically bridged with the interdisciplinary framing approach, particularly with regard to the transition of mobility and transport.
... Due to the persistence of dominant structures, conventions, and routines, regimes can be understood as established power centers. To preserve the status quo and defend their own interests, the processes of change are often rejected (Schneidewind and Scheck 2012). Regimes are therefore characterized by path dependencies and cognitive or technological lock-ins (e.g., Klitkou et al. 2015). ...
... In the literature, three different types of actors are distinguished. Niche actors are the source of innovation dynamics, whereas regime actors try to maintain the status quo and are skeptical of innovations and processes of change (Geels 2002;Schneidewind and Scheck 2012). Hybrid actors often emerge from the regime, but distance themselves from the mainstream. ...
The multi-level perspective has been criticized for being functionalistic and paying little attention to actor-based perspectives. Nevertheless, for the identification and assessment of potential change agents in a sustainability transition, a clear conceptual and methodological approach is necessary. This paper, thus, develops a multi-dimensional typology of niche, regime, and hybrid actors, which is conceptually grounded in transition studies and empirically illustrated by a cluster analysis based on a survey of pig and poultry farmers in Germany, France, and the Netherlands. Animal husbandry is chosen as a case study because a significant share of the environmental impact within the agri-food system is attributed to this sector and there is evidence for resistance to change by mainstream actors. Conceptually, the paper provides a framework of constitutive elements for different kinds of actors and contributes to an extension of the niche–regime dichotomy by adding the group of hybrid actors. The empirical results show that cluster analysis is a suitable approach to identify conceptually meaningful differences among interviewed farmers. Among pig and poultry farmers, the regime actors are by far the largest group. The smaller group of hybrid actors, however, has large potential to act as boundary spanners. A particularly interesting finding is that several larger farms are among the group of niche actors which hints at the possibility that larger farms are not necessarily resistant to change.
... The German Advisory Council on Global Change defines transformative research as follows: "Transformative research supports transformation processes in practical terms through the development of solutions and technical as well as social innovations, including economic and social diffusion processes and the possibility of their acceleration, and demands, at least in part, a systemic perspective and inter-and cross-disciplinary methods, including stakeholder participation" (WBGU 2011, 322). Transformative research is mostly based on the transition-cycle-model (Figure 1), which is characterized by four different phases (Loorbach 2010, Singer-Brodowski, Schneidewind 2014, Schneidewind, Scheck 2012, Schäfer, Scheele 2014: ...
... ,Schneidewind, Scheck (2012),Schäfer, Scheele (2014). ...
Major societal challenges like energy efficiency, climate change and resource scarcity trigger and influence continuous change processes worldwide, nationwide, but also on all regional levels. They force regions to think about (a more) sustainable development. As the transformation processes necessary for sustainable development are complex there is a need for actors willing to engage and support sustainability transitions. Higher education institutions (HEIs) are often expected to be one of these supporters on the regional level. The central aim of this paper is to show by the use of an example, that HEIs are able to provide impulses for sustainable transformation. Following Pflitsch and Radinger-Peer (2018:918) HEIs can play different roles in regional sustainable transition; the authors use two dimensions to distinguish these roles – depth and autonomy: - As to depth HEIs’ roles can be “comprehensive, involving diverse actors and approaching sustainability with a holistic perspective” or “more fragmented and passive, but also more focused on specific topics”. - As to autonomy the roles can be “autonomous, the university defining its own focus and priorities through interacting with a broad range of regional actors” or “more directed, the university working on topics that are relevant from the perspective of the regional or federal-state government”. Using this rough classification the HEI in our example focuses on a “specific topic” and it is interacting with other regional respectively local actors on a topic that is not only relevant from the perspective of most German cities and their citizens but also from the national and federal government’s perspective. The paper starts with a short systemisation of transfer channels and missions of HEIs. It starts with a description of transfer channels used by the two traditional missions of HEIs – education and research. Afterwards the concept of “third mission” is introduced and distinguished from a possible fourth mission of HEIs – the concept of “co-creation for sustainability”. Afterwards it deals with important concepts and approaches which are characteristic elements of “co-creation for sustainability” – transformative research, participatory action research (PAR), urban living labs and student service learning. The “specific topic” that serves as an example is introduced after that: it is about the problem of local economy in urban neighbourhoods. Local economy will be defined, its problems resulting from the functional change of urban neighbourhoods are sketched and the arising necessity of strengthening local economies will be discussed. We show the methodological concept that is used to develop strategies and specific measures for strengthening local economy. The paper shows that the elements of this concept are typical approaches of transformative sciences. Afterwards concrete examples stemming from an urban neighbourhood which is part of the city of Viersen (Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany) is used to show, how the approach works in practise. The paper ends trying to explain, why projects like this give an example of HEIs’ impulses for sustainable development in their regional surrounding. Furthermore, the usefulness, but also the shortcomings and further research necessities of the approach will be discussed.
... Die Energiewende wird nur als Demokratieprojekt gelingen (Schneidewind & Scheck, 2012). Gleichzeitig ist Transformation aber auch ein soziales Projekt. ...
Bereits beim Beschluss der Bundesregierung im Juni 2011 war abzusehen, dass die „Energiewende“ eine Generationen- und Jahrhundertaufgabe wird. Sie wird unsere Gesellschaft, unsere Art zu Leben und zu Arbeiten nachhaltig transformieren (Roth, 2012). Mit der Substitution des Atomstroms und dem stufenweisen Abschalten der laufenden Kernkraftwerke bis 2022 ist ein neuer Energiemix nötig, in dem regenerative Energien – flankiert von neuen flexiblen fossilen Kraftwerken – eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Hinzu kommen Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz und zur Senkung des Energiebedarfs.
... Postwachstums-, Commons-, Transitions-und Nachhaltigkeitstheorien weisen eine gemeinsame Schnittmenge auf: Sie fokussieren primär das Individuum, häufig in Verbindung mit nachhaltigem Konsum und gemeinschaftlichen Problemlösungsansätzen (Sharing, Urban Gardening, Repair Cafés etc.; Adloff & Heins, 2015; Adloff, Leggewie & Moldenhauer, 2015;Cohen, Reichl & Schmidthaler, 2013;Elsen, Reifer, Oberleiter & Wild, 2015;Jackson, 2013;Kallis, Demaria & D' Alisa, 2015;Latouche, 2010Latouche, , 2015Loorbach, 2010;Paech, 2013Paech, , 2014Schneidewind & Scheck, 2012;Seidl & Zahrnt, 2010;Sekulova, Kallis, Rodriguez-Labajos & Schneider, 2013; Van den Bergh & Bruinsma, 2008;Welzer & Wiegand, 2013;Welzer, Giesecke & Tremel, 2014), basierend auf einem Suffizienz-und Verzichtmodell. Diese Ansätze gehen in gewisser Hinsicht durchaus einher mit den Logiken staatlicher Nachhaltigkeitsinitiativen auf lokaler Ebene, denn auch hier liegt eine eher kleinräumliche Denkweise vor, die Individuen und kleinere Gemeinschaften in der Gemeinde in den Mittelpunkt rückt.5 Daher ist die Aktivierung von bürgerschaftlichem Engagement ("empowered participation"; Fung, 2004) Kern, Schophaus & Koll, 2002;Müller-Christ, 1998;Rösler, 2004), welche dem Ideal einer dezentralen Energiewende folgen Chmutina, Wiersma, Goodier & Devine-Wright, 2014;Müller, Stämpfli, Dold & Hammer, 2011), wie sie in Deutschland von Hermann Scheer seit Jahrzehnten als eher utopisches Projekt verfolgt und im Sinne der Dritten Industriellen Revolution als Option einer (pro)sozialen Transformation weitergedacht wurde (Jänicke & Jacob, 2008;Leggewie & Welzer, 2011;Ruppert-Winkel, 2013;Scheer, 2010;Sommer & Welzer, 2014). ...
Aus empirischer Perspektive – gerade mit Blick auf die Umsetzung der Energiewende vor Ort, d. h. der konkreten Implementierung auf lokaler und kommunaler Ebene – stellen sich einige Fragen, die bisher einer überzeugenden Antwort noch harren und die mit dem erarbeiteten existierenden demokratietheoretischen Instrumentarium gut bearbeitet werden können. Denn führt man die vielen Denk- und Handlungsmuster unter Zuhilfenahme bisheriger empirischer Grundierung im großen „Konzert“ der Energiewende zusammen, so können stark vereinfacht drei „Energiewenden“ beobachtet werden: auf kommunaler, regionaler und nationaler Ebene (vgl. Tab. 47.1).
... Each level is characterized by its own structures, cultures, routines and conventions. The levels can be interpreted as purely functional which means that they do not have a specific spatial or a geographical reference Schneidewind and Scheck 2012). ...
... The socio-technical regime is thus a construct of dominant structures, cultures, routines and conventions of an integrated system (Schneidewind and Scheck 2012). Given the strong links between actors, standards and rules, cultures and technologies, most of the promoters of the dominant regime tend to rather minor, incremental changes which do not jeopardize their own interests (Geels 2012). ...
... Holistic system innovations are required. Most authors argue in favour of a co-creation of technologies, regulatory and legal frameworks, as well as socio-cultural and ecological aspects (Schneidewind and Scheck 2012). This could help to overcome uncertainty as well as path dependencies and related innovation gaps, but also help to avoid rebound effects and a simple shifting of problems. ...
Cities are the most resilient humans’ artefact, and this is due to their socio-economic capacities to persist shock and stresses. However, sometimes cities do persist but at the cost of losing key functions and modifying their development trajectories. One of the challenges of disaster resilience is indeed to merge built environment reconstruction and socio-economic (re)development. This chapter aims to explore how to do that in the difficult circumstances of the territories which are losing populations, with ageing societies and economic stagnation. In order to do that, different municipalities of the Abruzzo region are taken as study cases. In 2009 the region was shocked by a severe earthquake, destroying L’Aquila city and surrounding 56 minor centres (44 of these been labelled from the Italian Government as “inner areas”, definition that indicates towns that don’t have a direct access to essential services such as secondary education or emergency care hospitals). The study analyses 18 post-earthquake reconstruction plans in the light of the legislative framework and the status quo 6 years after the disaster. Results emphasise a set of paradoxes and challenges in the application of the normative framework, which aims at the broadest, integrated, long-term socio-economic recovery, but at the same time limiting the space for innovation and actions beyond the built environment reconstruction. However, the out-of-ordinary opportunity offered from the reconstruction funds hides the still potential for building new patterns of development, that need to be tackled by addressing the tensions highlighted in this chapter.
... The socio-technical regime is thus a construct of dominant structures, cultures, routines and conventions of an integrated system (Schneidewind and Scheck 2012). Given the strong links between actors, standards and rules, cultures and technologies, most of the promoters of the dominant regime tend to rather minor, incremental changes which do not jeopardize their own interests (Geels 2012). ...
... Holistic system innovations are required. Most authors argue in favour of a co-creation of technologies, regulatory and legal frameworks, as well as socio-cultural and ecological aspects (Schneidewind and Scheck 2012). This could help to overcome uncertainty as well as path dependencies and related innovation gaps, but also help to avoid rebound effects and a simple shifting of problems. ...
... Multi-level perspective on transitions (Source Geels 2012) geographical reference(Rotmans and Loorbach 2010;Schneidewind and Scheck 2012). ...
Infrastructure forms the backbone of any urban and regional economy. Energy, water, waste water, transportation and telecommunication facilities and networks shape the picture of cities and urban regions. Infrastructure makes an important contribution to the quality of life. The construction and the operation of infrastructures are responsible for a significant proportion of greenhouse gas emissions and for climate change. Cities and their infrastructures are, at the same time, affected by the impacts of climate change, resulting in the disruption of supply and severe economic damage. What is needed is a transformation towards low carbon, resilient structures that means the design of infrastructures is able to prevent or cope with the impacts of climate change or other attacks on the system. This paper explores, based on the concept of resilience, the question of how to initiate and to support the transformation of the infrastructure sectors. The Living Lab approach is such a transdisciplinary concept and provides the space for innovation. The paper gives an overview of the main features of this approach and points out some preliminary conclusions drawn from a regional case study.
... Only few research approaches, methods, and models exist which deal with this topic, e.g. the approach of constructive technology assessment [10,11] which focuses on the shaping of technological innovations, the approach of transition management [12,13] which deals with the transformation of sociotechnical regimes and the so-called turtles model of guiding influencing factors (earlier known as model of influencing factors of environmental innovations or multi-impulse-model) [14][15][16][17]. These approaches or models have three things in common: firstly, they assume that certain factors exist which can guide, but not control innovation processes facing inherent dynamics, path dependencies or new knowledge [1,10,13,18,19]. Secondly, these factors are able to deploy their directiongiving effect not individually but only in their common interaction, which is known as multi-impulse hypothesis [20,21]. ...
Challenges like finite fossil fuels, impacts of climate change, and risks of nuclear energy require a transformation of energy systems which implies risks itself, e.g. technical or socio-economic risks or still unknown and unexpected surprises. Nevertheless, in order to follow the direction desired by the transformation, the question arises how the direction of the transformation processes of socio-technical energy systems (system innovations) can be influenced. Guiding orientation processes (GOPs) could represent such a possibility to give direction where desired directions are taken up with guiding concept ideas—understood as socially shared, views deemed simultaneously desired and feasible for the future—being specified together with selected addressees, spread and implemented. Next to the main question as to whether such GOPs can give direction for system innovations, we focused on factors supporting the effectiveness of these processes and on possibilities and limitations connected with their use. In order to answer these questions theoretically, we developed (1) the three-level model differentiating guiding orientations into three levels and representing their relationship as an important content-related effectiveness factor, (2) the definition of giving direction in the form of guiding orientation ideas and true guiding orientations and (3) the phase model of an ideal GOP with its phases of triggering, specifying, spreading and implementing. Within our empirical studies, we analysed two GOPs with the guiding concept ideas of sustainable energy system respectively resilient energy system. Thereby, we could confirm that GOPs can direct system innovations if certain effectiveness factors are considered which we abstracted within our phase model.
... Darunter finden sich eine Reihe von Kleinprojekten mit einer kürzeren Laufzeit, in der auch der Versuch einer Übertragung des Transition Management Ansatzes auf weitere Politikfelder erkennbar ist. In Deutschland nutzt das Wuppertal Institut seit einigen Jahren den Transition Management Ansatz zur Analyse nachhaltiger Wandlungsprozesse (Schneidewind et al. 2012). ...
