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In recent years the non-native polychaete Sternaspis scutata has rapidly expanded its range in inshore muddy sediments along the coast of SW England (UK). To determine the impact the arrival of this moderately large infaunal deposit feeding polychaete could have on benthic biodiversity and ecosystem function, a mesocosm experiment has been conducte...
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... performed on both untransformed and fourth root transformed data indicated that there was no significant difference between the community structure of sediment cores to which S. scutata had been added and that of the control cores (Table 1). A representative MDS plot, for untransformed data, is presented as Fig. 1. ...
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Citations
... Besides that, Polychaetes dominate the macrofauna in the harbor . Shelley et al. (2008), in a mesocosm study, postulate a pull-out in nitrite (NO2 -) degradation and increased ammonium release (NH4 + ) from sediments, with the significant environmental addition of Sternapsis scutata. ...
... Some species are widespread in many oceans, with depths varying from low tide to around 4400 m (Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013). There is worldwide distribution of genus Sternaspis; comprising Brazilian waters (Nonato, 1966), Bima and Buton Srait, Madura (Bleeker & Spoel, 1992), Chinhae Bay, Korea (Lim & Hong, 1996), Shallow water marine of Florida (Camp et al., 1998), Mamberamo Estuary, Irian Jaya (Kastoro et al., 2000), Indian Estuaries ( Khan & Murugesan, 2005), English Channel (Townsend et al., 2006), South West England UK (Shelley et al., 2008) , intertidal zone Satun Province, Thailand , Mexican Pacific Waters (Mendez & Yanez-Rivera, 2015), Oman Sea, Iran (Loghmani et al., 2016), Tangerang coastal water, Banten, Indonesia (Sahidin & Wardiatno, 2016), Ariake Bay, Japan (Yoshino et al., 2016), South China Sea (Wu & Xu, 2017), Chilean Channels and Fjords (Diaz-Diaz & Rozbzczylo, 2017) The habitat of this genus was muddy. Table 1 shows substrate particle percentage and the number of samples found, based on distance. ...
... The Sternaspidae family in this study was found at 0-20 cm depth in the intertidal area. Sternaspidae is infaunal deposit feeders (Faucald & Jumars, 1979;Rouse & Fauchald, 1997;Rouse & Pleijel, 2001;Shelley et al., 2008;Junardi & Wardoyo, 2008), and therefore, feed by absorption of food at the bottom of the water. Sternaspidae is infaunal deposit feeders (Faucald & Jumars, 1979;Rouse & Fauchald, 1997;Rouse & Pleijel, 2001;Shelley et al., 2008;Junardi & Wardoyo, 2008), and therefore, feed by absorption of food at the bottom of the water. ...
The uniqueness of the Sternaspidae family was discovered in the intertidal area of the mangrove ecosystem, Lubuk Damar, Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Province. This study reports the occurrence of the mud owl Polychaete in the mangrove ecosystem as a new record in Indonesia. Samples were obtained at low tide (0-500 m) using cores with a diameter of 12.7 cm and a depth of 0-20 cm. The Sternaspidae family had morphological character differences from other Polychaeta in the form of a short and puffy body. The genus Sternaspis Otto, 1821 Lubuk Damar has two types of caudal shields, outward and deep grooves. The specimen was collected from a sub-strate with a percentage range of 26.67%-43.33% (sand), 46.67-56.00% (silt), and 8.00-15.33% (clay). The total 54 individual samples showed an average body length, width, and weight of 1.8-18 mm, 1-1.4 mm, 0.0009-0.1462 g, correspondingly. This research confirms that the genus Sternaspis is a cosmopolitan macrozoobenthos across the broad.
... Besides that, Polychaetes dominate the macrofauna in the harbor . Shelley et al. (2008), in a mesocosm study, postulate a pull-out in nitrite (NO2 -) degradation and increased ammonium release (NH4 + ) from sediments, with the significant environmental addition of Sternapsis scutata. ...
... Some species are widespread in many oceans, with depths varying from low tide to around 4400 m (Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013). There is worldwide distribution of genus Sternaspis; comprising Brazilian waters (Nonato, 1966), Bima and Buton Srait, Madura (Bleeker & Spoel, 1992), Chinhae Bay, Korea (Lim & Hong, 1996), Shallow water marine of Florida (Camp et al., 1998), Mamberamo Estuary, Irian Jaya (Kastoro et al., 2000), Indian Estuaries ( Khan & Murugesan, 2005), English Channel (Townsend et al., 2006), South West England UK (Shelley et al., 2008) , intertidal zone Satun Province, Thailand , Mexican Pacific Waters (Mendez & Yanez-Rivera, 2015), Oman Sea, Iran (Loghmani et al., 2016), Tangerang coastal water, Banten, Indonesia (Sahidin & Wardiatno, 2016), Ariake Bay, Japan (Yoshino et al., 2016), South China Sea (Wu & Xu, 2017), Chilean Channels and Fjords (Diaz-Diaz & Rozbzczylo, 2017) The habitat of this genus was muddy. Table 1 shows substrate particle percentage and the number of samples found, based on distance. ...
... The Sternaspidae family in this study was found at 0-20 cm depth in the intertidal area. Sternaspidae is infaunal deposit feeders (Faucald & Jumars, 1979;Rouse & Fauchald, 1997;Rouse & Pleijel, 2001;Shelley et al., 2008;Junardi & Wardoyo, 2008), and therefore, feed by absorption of food at the bottom of the water. Sternaspidae is infaunal deposit feeders (Faucald & Jumars, 1979;Rouse & Fauchald, 1997;Rouse & Pleijel, 2001;Shelley et al., 2008;Junardi & Wardoyo, 2008), and therefore, feed by absorption of food at the bottom of the water. ...
... Among the approximately 46 polychaeta species classified as NIS in Brazil (Rodrigues et al., 2020), eight are invasive exotic species (I3N, 2018). To date, non-indigenous Sternaspidae has not been recorded on the Brazilian coast, but in the UK (Townsend et al., 2006;Shelley et al., 2008), India (Jose et al., 2014) and Egypt (Abdelnaby, 2020), Sternaspis scutata (Ranzani, 1817) has been recorded as a non-native or invasive polychaeta. ...
The introduction of non-indigenous marine species in new habitats is generally associated with ships arriving at ports, driven by species transported in ballast water and sediment and biofouling communities on ship hulls, drifting object and underwater surfaces in dock areas. The present paper reports the record of the specie Sternaspis aff. nana in the Atlantic Ocean, discussing its possible conservation status and method of arrival to Brazil. Sediments samples were collected in the external area (11 m depth) of the Suape Harbor (Brazil) in February 2018. Two individuals of Sternaspis aff. nana were recorded, representing the first record of this species in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. The way S. aff. nana arrived in Brazilian waters cannot be easily determined, the short-lived lecithotrophic larvae of sternaspids suggest that the specimens found in Suape have arrived in ballast sediment. An increase in trade between Brazil and Asian countries since the 2000s has led to that more ships coming from China having arrived in Brazilian harbors. The arrival of S. aff. nana, originally described in the South China Sea, in the Suape harbor area may have resulted from this intense movement of ships between China and Brazil.
... Sternaspids can be abundant and even dominant in some ecosystems, with Sternaspis species reported to be amongst the most abundant benthic species in areas of southern Chile (Rozbaczylo et al. 2006); Jiaozhou Bay, China (Wang et al. 2006); the southwestern coast of India (Joydas and Damodaran 2009); shallow muddy bottoms in Bahia, Brazil (Pires-Vanin et al. 2011); Arctic waters (Balsom 2003); and the northwestern Mediterranean (Labrune et al. 2007;Harmelin-Vivien et al. 2009;Lorenti et al. 2011) and abundant year-round in seasonally hypoxia-stressed soft bottoms of Ariake Bay, Japan (Yoshino et al. 2010;Yoshino et al. 2014;Yoshino et al. 2016). Since the 1980s, Sternaspis scutata (Ranzani, 1817) has been reported to have greatly expanded its range into UK waters, where it is regarded as a non-native species (Townsend et al. 2006;Shelley et al. 2008). ...
Species delimitation in sternaspid polychaetes is currently based on the morphology of a limited suite of characters, namely characters of the ventro-caudal shield—a unique feature of the family. Sternaspid species description has increased rapidly in recent years; however, the validity of the shield as a diagnostic character has not been assessed through molecular means. This study performs the largest molecular taxonomy of Sternaspidae to date, using the nuclear gene 18S, and the mitochondrial genes 16S and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) to assess phylogenetic relationships within the family, to reassess the placement of Sternaspidae within the wider polychaete tree and to investigate the effectiveness of the shield as a diagnostic morphological character. This study includes many new records and reports Sternaspis affinis Stimpson, 1864 from USA Pacific coastline and genetic connectivity between specimens identified as Sternaspis cf. annenkovae Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja, 2013 from off southeastern Australia and specimens identified as Sternaspis cf. williamsae Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja, 2013 from the northwestern Pacific. In addition, we investigate material identified as Sternaspis cf. scutata (Ranzani, 1817) in the English Channel and compare with S. scutata through both molecular and morphological means. We further perform a detailed morphological and molecular investigation of new sternaspid material collected from the Southern Ocean and Antarctic Peninsula and regard Sternaspis monroi Salazar-Vallejo, 2014 syn. n. as a junior synonym of Sternaspis sendalli Salazar-Vallejo, 2014, two species recently described from the region, raising questions concerning the validity of current morphological delimitation.
... Experiments containing sediment are mainly performed in smaller or larger "benthocosms" by including a sufficient amount of sediment while keeping the water column volume and height to a minimum. Such experiments may include incubation of corers (Ernst et al. 2006;Shelley et al. 2008) or whole aquaria with more sediment but still with only a few centimeters of water column (Karle et al. 2007;Widdicombe et al. 2009;Porter et al. 2010) and only in a few cases in situ benthocosms (Suomela et al. 2005;Kraufvelin et al. 2006;Bruschetti et al. 2008). ...
A new mesocosm setup containing both water column and sediment suitable for benthic-pelagic coupling experiments is described. The presence of a large volume of water (>1.5 m3) with sufficient depth (4 m) on the top of the sediment, combined with a large volume of sediment on the bottom (30 cm height, 80 L volume) offers new opportunities for benthic-pelagic experiments on the mesocosm scale. The experimental setup includes a mesocosm bag, a securing ring with a cap on the top, a sediment container on the bottom, sediment traps, an autonomous water sampling system at specific depths, and a newly developed sediment sampler for collecting samples without disturbing the system. The mesocosm setup was successfully deployed in the context of a benthic-pelagic coupling eutrophication experiment in the CRETACOSMOS mesocosm facilities of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research in Crete. A number of variables related to the technical aspects and proper ecosystem functions of the mesocosm setup were monitored throughout the duration of the experiment (58 d), which proved that the proposed setup is suitable for benthic-pelagic coupling experiments, providing an intermediate experimental tool between small-scale micro/benthocosm experiments and large scale in situ sea experiments.
... It is concluded that despite its size, the relative immobility of S. scutata dictates that its presence has little impact on the species around it. The addition of this species did significantly reduce the release of nitrite (NO 2 -) and increase the release of ammonium (NH 4 + ) from the sediment (Rachel et al. 2008). Therefore, the occurrence of this species is to be viewed with caution. ...
Sternaspis scutata belongs to the Phylum Annelida, Order Canalipalpata and Class Polychaeta. Members of Sternaspidae were first recognized in the XVI century and formally described in the date 1810s (Ranzani 1817). They are commonly called Mud Owls because their large, stiff, ventral shield resembles two large eyes and the plump, peanut-shaped body completes the resemblance. Sternaspids are mostly shallow water forms, and a few deepwater forms also occur in the estuarine and mangrove environments. A total of 640 no./sq. m of the polychaete Sternaspis scutata were recorded by the authors in the core area of Sundarban mangrove region during June 2012
... The community was mainly composed of small size species (Table 1) and largely dominated by the sediment dwelling polychaete, Sternaspis scutata. The burrow linings of this species are assumed to increase dissolved inorganic nitrogen fluxes as a result of changes in the microbial community due to bioturbation (Shelley et al., 2008). The second most abundant species was Thyasira flexuosa, a small-size bivalve that contains in its gills chemolithotrophic sulphur oxidizer prokaryotes. ...
Coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) represents a small portion of the inner shelf sediments but occurs across all river outlets. To consider the ecogeochemical fate of CPOM in such an environment, we examined both the infauna community and secondary evidence of geochemical reactions preserved in the surface sediments of the Rhône prodelta. ICP-AES, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry of the CPOM showed that the fate of organic matter in this environment is driven by sulphate reduction and geochemical reactions resulting from the precipitation of sulfide due to the presence of large amounts of iron-bearing minerals. Leaf litter debris contained such high quantities of iron that after dry ashing the remaining material is easily attracted by a magnet. The observed geochemical trade-off was proposed as a mechanism that helps to maintain a bioturbating animal community that in turn contributes to the mineralization of organic matter within this suboxic environment. This study showed that the accumulation of refractory organic carbon in sediments was intimately associated with the sequestering of iron and sulphur by providing a nucleation point for mineral deposition and also that the extent of decomposition of the organic materials did not necessarily increase progressively from coarser to finer particles.
Characteristics of macrofaunal assemblages and their relationships with environmental factors in a semi-enclosed bay were studied seasonally in China. A total of 251 species were identified, including polychaetes (104 species), crustaceans (73 species), mollusks (51 species), and other phyla (23 species). Mean values of macrofaunal abundance were 1210, 2483, 3209, 3600 ind./m² while those of biomass were 56.88, 176.15, 136.28, 265.55 g/m², respectively. Ranges of species richness index, evenness index, Shannon-Wiener index were 1.54–8.16, 0.17–0.90, 0.69–4.78, respectively. The diversity indices were affected by bottom water salinity and pH. BIOENV analysis showed that water depth, phaeophorbide, and silt-clay proportion had important impacts on macrofaunal assemblages while abundance and biomass were affected by bottom water temperature, salinity, and water depth. Compared with historical data, macrofaunal species number, abundance and biomass showed a slight increasing trend, which may be due to the water quality improvement of this bay.
To study the characteristics of the macrobenthic community and its relationship with environmental factors in the southern waters of the Miaodao Archipelago, macrobenthos samples as well as environmental factors (sediment grain size characteristics, organic matter, chlorophyll a, phaeophorbide (Pha) concentrations, water depth, temperature, transparency, etc.) were collected in November 2012 and February, May and August 2013.A total of 164 macrobenthic species were identified, including 82 species of Polychaeta, 39 species of Crustacea, 29 species of Mollusca, 9 species of Echinodermata and 5 of other taxa. Species number was the highest in summer, intermediate in winter and spring, and lowest in autumn. The index of relative importance (IRI) showed that the dominant species varied in different seasons, and the most dominant species was Polychaeta. Moerella iridescens (Bivalvia) was the dominant species in autumn (IRI=4280), whereas Terebellides stroemii (Polychaeta) was dominant both in winter (IRI=1092) and in spring (IRI=435), and Chaetozone setosa (Polychaeta) was dominant in summer (IRI=542). Based on Spearman correlation analysis, the abundance of macrobenthos was significantly positively correlated with sediment water content. The biomass was significantly negatively correlated with the sediment sorting coefficient and organic matter content, but positively correlated with water depth. Results of BIOENV analysis showed that the combination of sediment median size, water transparency and sediment phaeophorbide concentration well explained the differences of community structure among sampling stations. ©, 2015, Editorial department of Molecular Catalysis. All right reserved.
