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How does talk work, and can we engage the public in a dialogue about the scientific study of talk? This article presents a history, critical evaluation and empirical illustration of the public science of talk. We chart the public ethos of conversation analysis that treats talk as an inherently public phenomenon and its transcribed recordings as pub...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... area was marked out by a square of grey carpet, bounded by the purple of the aisles. The centrepiece of the exhibit was 'Talkaoke' (see Figure 1a), a mobile talk-show based around a doughnut-shaped table where the Talkaoke host sits in the middle of the doughnut on a swivel chair wearing a headset microphone, ready to spin around and offer a handheld microphone to any participant or bystander around the edge. Talkaoke was positioned so that visitors to the CR could approach and sit down from any side, and the Talkaoke table's built-in speakers and amplification system made sure that the conversation around the table could be heard from a distance. ...
Context 2
... was the purpose of the 'Conversational Rollercoaster' metaphor. As each person sat down at the Talkaoke table, the 'data gatherers' (see Figure 3) would take a screenshot of the participant's face from the live video feed with a graphic of a waveform representing their voice into a printed 'snapshot' of them talking (see Figure 10). These snapshots functioned much like the instant photos people can buy of themselves following a ride on a rollercoaster: it aimed to explain the switch from participating in the flow of conversation to analyzing it as video data. ...
Context 3
... large video displays (see Figure 4) showed recently captured video clips and transcripts along with the surtitle: 'We are analyzing how people do X in the footage we've just recorded from Talkaoke' (where X is the current phenomenon of interest). A novel piece of interactive software was used to animate these displays 9 and explain the analytic process: one screen (Figure 4.1) showed collections of phenomena recently recorded at the Talkaoke Table on a 3x3 grid of looping video excerpts. The next screen (Figure 4.2) showed one of those excerpts looping at full-screen, the third (Figure 4.2) showed the same excerpt subtitled with Jeffersonian symbols and highlights. ...
Citations
... Data analysis drew upon Conversation Analysis (CA), as it is a method that has been specifically developed to study social interactions (Sidnell, 2009). It is interested in how talk is socially organized and how people make sense of one another to accomplish interactional tasks (Albert et al., 2018). It seeks to explicate "patterns of interaction that exist independently of any one instance of interaction" (Kempf-Leonard, 2004, p. 507). ...
Individuals in a heightened state of suicidal desire often utilize online mental health forums for support. What we know about support comes predominately from forum-user research and their experiences and perspectives. Little research has considered the supportive role professional moderators’ play in such situations, with no research exploring how professional moderators keep forum-users safe online. The aim of this study was to explore the in-situ text-based practices that professional moderators employ when they are keeping forum-users safe online. Using Conversation Analysis, 34 publicly available forum posts and corresponding emails between forum-users in a heightened state of suicidal desire (at-risk users), non-suicidal forum-users, and professional moderators were analyzed. Results indicate that professional moderators and forum-users work alongside each other to keep at-risk users safe online. They do this by moderators aligning to risk presentations with forum-users affiliating to at-risk users relational needs. Previous research found professional moderators wanted to use more of their counselling skills in such situations. However, based on the findings of this study moderators do not need to do more. Their current practices appear to keep forum-users safe at that moment when they are most at risk. These practices perhaps go unrecognized as skillful as they draw upon the intersubjectivity of safety rather than on individual user risk. Future research needs to examine the safety interactions that occur between forum-users and moderators to enable a better understanding of online spaces as suicide prevention places.
... Methodologically and historically, IA has preserved features which have made it well-suited to ensure open data (Albert et al., 2018). Data are often shared prior to, in publications and following project completion. ...
The Open Science Movement aims to enhance the soundness, transparency, and accessibility of scientific research, and at the same time increase public trust in science. Currently, Open Science practices are mainly presented as solutions to the ‘reproducibility crisis’ in hypothetico-deductive quantitative research. Increasing interest has been shown towards exploring how these practices can be adopted by qualitative researchers. In reviewing this emerging body of work, we conclude that the issue of diversity within qualitative research has not been adequately addressed. Furthermore, we find that many of these endeavours start with existing solutions for which they are trying to find matching problems to be solved. We contrast this approach with a natural incorporation of Open Science practices within interaction analysis and its constituent research traditions: conversation analysis, discursive psychology, ethnomethodology, and membership categorisation analysis. Zooming in on the development of conversation analysis starting in the 1960s, we highlight how practices for opening up and sharing data and analytic thinking have been embedded into its methodology. On the basis of this presentation, we propose a series of lessons learned for adopting Open Science practices in qualitative research.
... in a communicative event gives sufficient evidences of the underlying emotional and social phenomenon. Talk, when studied scientifically, can be a vital and a pervasive structural feature in everyday life. Interaction through talk is a fascinating material of scientific research in the field of Ethnography of communication within sociolinguistics. (Albert et. Al, 2018) A study on conversation analysis in TV talk shows conducted by Carnel (2012) demonstrates how host and guest involve in turn taking strategies and relates the significance of adjacency pairs and story-telling during conversation. Similarly, Ali (2018) conducts a comparative study of two talk shows, The Doctors and Shabab Wbanat. He anal ...
This paper examines relational practice in multilingual peer discourse to inspect the distinct identity patterns of the male and the female participants involved in gender dynamics. There is a growing impetus of discourse studies as an emerging area of sociolinguistic and ethno methodological research. In this paper, talk as a marker of gender identity is explored in the light of the theoretical framework suggested by Holmes (2006) who studies the different relational strategies of male and female interlocutors in workplace environment. In the current study, conversations of six male and female postgraduate students of English language at Sargodha University, Pakistan are recorded and transcribed to see how the participants create team as a relational practice using gender specific norms via talk. The study has found that the males create team through humor in discourse while females tilt towards small talk and frequent verbal gestures of approval. Moreover, masculinities and femininities of the peers are manifested in their style and function of the conversations. The study is significant because it is going to lay a foundation for the study and exploration of gender integrated conversations in multilingual context in Pakistani English and other varieties spoken in casual talk in Pakistan.
... In DP/CA, any researcher can, if the right permissions are in place, reanalyse it with their own questions in mind. Indeed, DP/CA is committed to open data, and there are multiple datasets and spoken language corpora available online (Albert et al., 2018). ...
Since its inception in 1987, Discursive Psychology (DP) has developed both methodologically, for instance by drawing closer to Conversation Analysis, and theoretically, by building a body of knowledge which outlines the discursive accomplishment of mind-world relations. One of DP’s contributions to psychology consists in the respecification of mainstream topics (like attitudes, identity, memory, and emotions). This editorial outlines the meta-theoretical underpinnings of DP’s respecification programme. The empirical studies comprised in this special issue showcase state-of-the art discursive psychological research that respecifies core psychological topics: attitudes, persuasion, emotions, agency, personality, uncertainty, and socialisation. The editorial also delineates the place of DP within contemporary psychological science and reviews DP’s theoretical and methodological contributions to key matters including open science, research ethics, and integrity and rigour in qualitative research. The special issue concludes with an insightful commentary by Sally Wiggins on DP’s relationship with mainstream psychology.
... Like all social contact, it is a negotiation taking place through communication. Future studies could also focus on conversation analysis where naturalistic audio recordings of TGD patients and health care practitioners are deconstructed (Albert et al., 2018), and the spontaneous flow of communication is critiqued from both sides. This type of research would provide both parties with much needed insight into how to approach this situation in a more effective manner. ...
Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals face a long-term, multifaceted process if they choose to begin a gender affirmation journey. Decisions to go on hormone therapy and/or have a surgical procedure necessitate the TGD individual to set up an appointment with a health care provider. However, when TGD patients interact with health care practitioners, problems can arise. This article documents and categorizes the types of unmet expectations that are common in the TGD patient–health care provider social dynamic in the Central Great Plains of the United States. Utilizing a community-based participatory research model, qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 TGD individuals about their health care experiences. From this, the researchers identified four main themes of unmet expectations: probing, gatekeeping, stigmatizing stance, and misgendering/deadnaming. Steps that can be taken by both the health care provider and the TGD individual to have a more successful encounter are discussed.
... The people teaching bring a range of important perspectives and experience, however it is fraught with difficulty as the interest, engagement, and expertise of tutors and supervisors varies markedly. Building an understanding of the science of talk (Albert et al., 2018) serves to give students the confidence in their interpretation of their learning as a student observing, role-playing, and engaging in activities requiring effective clinical communication. ...
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Communication skills are considered a central part of medical and health professional curricula. The focus for both theoretical knowledge and practical skills in these curricula is often, necessarily, on that which is directly relevant to consultations and other clinical activities. Prior to engaging in this more specific and often experiential learning, it is arguable that the inclusion of foundational learning around how interaction works to adequately scaffold more specific, clinically-contextualised learning, building through the zone of proximal development. In this paper, I describe a conversation analysis-informed curriculum for communication skills in an undergraduate pre-clinical science degree which is designed to enhance the ability to critically and constructively reflect on their own communication.
... The people teaching bring a range of important perspectives and experience, however it is fraught with difficulty as the interest, engagement, and expertise of tutors and supervisors varies markedly. Building an understanding of the science of talk (Albert et al., 2018) serves to give students the confidence in their interpretation of their learning as a student observing, role-playing, and engaging in activities requiring effective clinical communication. ...
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended.
Communication skills are considered a central part of medical and health professional curricula. The focus for both theoretical knowledge and practical skills in these curricula is often, necessarily, on that which is directly relevant to consultations and other clinical activities. Prior to engaging in this more specific and often experiential learning, it is arguable that the inclusion of foundational learning around how interaction works to adequately scaffold more specific, clinically-contextualised learning, building through the zone of proximal development. In this paper, I describe a conversation analysis-informed curriculum for communication skills in an undergraduate pre-clinical science degree which is designed to enhance the ability to critically and constructively reflect on their own communication.
It is well known that the demands of working in healthcare can take a psychological toll on staff. Schwartz Centre Rounds are an intervention aimed at supporting staff wellbeing through providing a forum to talk about the emotional, social and ethical complexities of such work, employing facilitated storytelling and group discussion to try and achieve this. However, while prior research, through extensive interviews and surveys, has found Schwartz Rounds to be effective in fostering compassion and wellbeing amongst participants, the talk that occurs within Schwartz Rounds themselves has not been explored. One mechanism that has been considered in how Schwartz Rounds function is the creation of a 'counter-cultural', conversational space, suggesting the nature of the interactions themselves may be important in achieving their beneficial effects. Using conversation analytic (CA) methods, we examine Schwartz Rounds in the UK to address, at a detailed micro-level, how sequences of talk work to accomplish the key aims of this setting. Five separate one-hour Schwartz Rounds were recorded across three UK hospital Trusts, between January 2019 and February 2020. Our analysis addresses how panellists tell their stories in a way that emphasises the uniqueness of their experience but also provides a generalisable emotional 'upshot' and 'stance' for the audience to later respond to. We then focus in on how audience members are able to respond to these stories affiliatively, offering endorsements, generalisations and second stories. Drawing on prior CA literature examining support groups and psychotherapy, we consider how the format of Schwarz Rounds creates important opportunities for interpersonal affiliation in this context. Considering these interactional features alongside other research findings on Schwartz Rounds, we discuss how opportunities for interactional affiliation may be central to their success, with implications for how these interactions can be best facilitated.
Research shows that transgender and non-binary (TNB) individuals frequently experience discrimination and mistreatment in health care settings. These negative experiences cause TNB people to underutilize health care and, when they do utilize it, may affect communication of health information. Moving from social cognitive theory (SCT) and theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study investigated what factors influence pre-, during, and post physician visit communication between TNB individuals and general practitioners (GPs) in The Netherlands. Between March and May 2022, fifteen TNB individuals and ten GPs participated in semi-structured interviews and focus groups about their experiences with GP-TNB interactions. The findings suggest that GPs addressing TNB people, GP knowledge and education, GP office procedures and environment, and social environment (in)directly facilitate or hamper communication. These findings support previous ideas about the influence of factors such as knowledge and social environment on one's behavior, as previously described in SCT and TPB. They also add and specify how pre-determined and novel factors affect whether TNB people feel welcome and comfortable at GP offices and if GPs feel equipped to provide TNB people with quality care. More specifically, to facilitate appropriate health communication, GPs are advised to ask patients about their pronouns, adjust intake forms, and put up TNB-specific posters or a Pride flag in their offices. TNB people are advised to make an introductory appointment to discuss their gender identity. Lastly, TNB topics should be included in medical curricula and online GP resources.
Accessible Summary
• We are a team of academic researchers, people with learning disabilities and carers. We worked together to design training materials for people with learning disabilities and carers to work as co-researchers on research projects.
• The training was for doing a type of research called ethnography. When you do ethnography, you spend time with people to learn about their lives.
• In this article, we describe what we did and what we learnt.
• We think more people with learning disabilities and carers should be involved in research but many do not have the confidence to do it. Training can help with that.
• We also think that ethnography is a type of research that can be easier to do than other types of research. This is because ethnography uses the skills lots of us already have the following: watching, listening and talking to people.
Abstract
Background
There is a strong ethical case and an urgent need for more participatory research practices in disability research but a lack of resources to support this. It is important to involve people with learning disabilities and carers at all stages, including when designing training for co-research.
Methods
We co-developed training materials to support people with learning disabilities and carers to work as ethnographic co-researchers and for academic researchers to facilitate co-research. We focused on what people with learning disabilities and carers thought was important to learn.
Findings
Whilst not all types of research methods are easy to democratise, ethnographic observation is a research method that lends itself well to participatory co-research.
Conclusions
For people to be able to meaningfully participate, research processes need to become more accessible and transparent. Training that considers the needs and priorities of people with learning disabilities and carers and addresses the confidence gap is key for meaningful co-research.
