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This chapter shall provide a brief introduction to the prostheses and their development in the current advance technological era. The prosthesis design, control, and architecture completely changed with the change in the amputation level. The transradial amputee stump design, electronics, battery, and circuit placement change significantly with the...
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Context 1
... types of prostheses consist of a tendon or a cable that is attached with the person's body and by pulling that cable, the body-powered prosthesis performs the desired operation [10]. A typical body-powered upper limb prosthesis consists of socket, wrist, control cable, harness, and terminal device as shown in Figure 5 [11]. The socket is worn on the residual limb, while the harness is worn on the opposite shoulder. ...
Citations
... From the biomechanical perspective, the human hand has 27 degrees of freedom (DOF) [1,2]. But commercially available prosthetic hands typically have 2-6 DOF only [3,4]. Moreover, it has been proven that the majority of hand movements can be implemented by just two principal component synergies [5]. ...
The human hand is very complex, and it is not easy to provide an exact biomechanical representation. Therefore, available prosthetic hands have limited and intricate control requirements resulting in high user rejection. Reducing the hand grasp classes and subsequently lowering the degrees of freedom (DOF) without compromising on the different graspable objects could cater to significant improvement. In this research, 14 hand grasps have been reduced to 6 grip geometry-based classes. Performing simulation using a 20-DOF anthropomorphic hand, it is shown that the proposed method is successful in grasp completion for all transformed 14 grasps, and grasp stability is achieved for 12 out of 14 cases. Moreover, it significantly decreases the control load of the 20-DOF hand into 14-DOF.
... Therefore, improvements in actuation and transmission remain important design challenges for future systems [5]. Notable examples of externally powered prostheses are: the Tactile sensor hand [6], I-Limb Quantum [7], VINCENTevolution3 [8], the Multigrasp Hand [9], Taska [10] and Bebionic [11]. In contrast to these fully actuated devices that tend to adopt a similar number of actuated DoFs as the human hand, BionIT Labs has recently introduced Adam's Hand [12], shown in Fig. 1: a transradial myoelectric prosthesis based on the principle of underactuation, according to which a reduced number of actuators is designed to drive several degrees of freedom. ...
The purpose of prosthetic hands is to replicate the functional capabilities of the human hand, allowing users to perform daily tasks effectively. The mechanical design of artificial fingers is a key factor in determining the overall performance of these prostheses. A novel solution in this field is the Adam Hand by BionIT Labs, which belongs to the family of underactuated, multiarticulated myoelectric prostheses. This paper presents a kinetostatic analysis of the Adam’s Hand finger, which utilizes a gear train as an underactuated transmission mechanism. A test bench is also introduced to experimentally measure the grasping force when the finger spans its entire working range, defined by a 90° rotation of the proximal and distal phalanx joints. The experimental results demonstrate good agreement with the theoretical predictions, yielding mean percentage errors of less than 4%, with maximum error of about 6%. The analytical and experimental results obtained from Adam’s hand are also compared with those of an alternative prosthesis, namely Bebionic, that is fully actuated.
... Levels of upper limb amputation[3]. ...
Prosthetic arms are designed to assist amputated individuals in the performance of the activities of daily life. Brain machine interfaces are currently employed to enhance the accuracy as well as number of control commands for upper limb prostheses. However, the motion prediction for prosthetic arms and the rehabilitation of amputees suffering from transhumeral amputations is limited. In this paper, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based approach for the recognition of human intention for six upper limb motions is proposed. The data were extracted from the study of fifteen healthy subjects and three transhumeral amputees for elbow extension, elbow flexion, wrist pronation, wrist supination, hand open, and hand close. The fNIRS signals were acquired from the motor cortex region of the brain by the commercial NIRSport device. The acquired data samples were filtered using finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Furthermore, signal mean, signal peak and minimum values were computed as feature set. An artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to these data samples. The results show the likelihood of classifying the six arm actions with an accuracy of 78%. The attained results have not yet been reported in any identical study. These achieved fNIRS results for intention detection are promising and suggest that they can be applied for the real-time control of the transhumeral prosthesis.
Polymers in Modern Medicine – Part 1 offers an in-depth exploration of the transformative role of polymers in healthcare and medical innovation. This comprehensive book examines the diverse applications of polymeric materials in areas such as controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, diagnostics, regenerative medicine, and personalized therapies. With chapters spanning polymeric scaffolds, nanotechnology, smart polymers, biopolymers, and polymer-based implants, it provides detailed insights into the science and technology shaping modern medicine. The book also highlights cutting-edge advancements in polymeric coatings for medical devices, cancer nanomedicine, and vaccine development, emphasizing sustainability and biocompatibility. Key Features: - Latest advancements in polymer nanotechnology, scaffolds, hydrogels, and smart polymers. - Applications in drug delivery, prosthetics, diagnostics, and regenerative medicine. - Discusses biocompatible, sustainable, and personalized polymeric materials. - Bridges the gap between academia, industry, and clinical research.
Prosthetics have come a long way since their inception, and recent advancements in materials science have enabled the development of prosthetic devices with improved functionality and comfort. One promising area of research is the use of auxetic metamaterials in prosthetics. Auxetic materials have a negative Poisson's ratio, which means that they expand laterally when stretched, unlike conventional materials, which contract laterally. This unique property allows for the creation of prosthetic devices that can better conform to the contours of the human body and provide a more natural feel. In this review article, we provide an overview of the current state of the art in the development of prosthetics using auxetic metamaterials. We discuss the mechanical properties of these materials, including their negative Poisson's ratio and other properties that make them suitable for use in prosthetic devices. We also explore the limitations that currently exist in implementing these materials in prosthetic devices, including challenges in manufacturing and cost. Despite these challenges, the future prospects for the development of prosthetic devices using auxetic metamaterials are promising. Continued research and development in this field could lead to the creation of more comfortable, functional, and natural-feeling prosthetic devices. Overall, the use of auxetic metamaterials in prosthetics represents a promising area of research with the potential to improve the lives of millions of people around the world who rely on prosthetic devices.
Prosthetic devices replace a missing body part lost through disease, trauma, or congenital disorder. The prosthesis is an external physical 'medicine' that is applied to restore the movement, function, and cosmetic appearance of the lost body parts like a leg, hand, finger, ear, nose, etc. Prosthetists are the healthcare and rehabilitation professionals who assess, examine, prescribe, fabricate, and fit prosthetic devices to the amputees and also train them, if required, in acceptance of the prosthesis to the patient. The person who lost his or her limb through surgery in any form or having absence of limb by birth is known as an amputee. The technological advancement in the field of prosthetics has improved the quality of life of amputees in this century like nothing before and allowed them to interact with the wider world. Prosthesis plays an important role in returning the individual with limb loss to the pre-injury level of function. The future of prosthetic development appears to be promising.
The technical evolution of the prosthetic field is swift and the technical solutions for the limb prostheses are found in a vast number of the specialized literature, therefore for good information management, a generalized classification of the field is necessary. Based on the use of the idea diagram method, a multicriteria classification of the lower and upper limb prostheses was performed. The classification was made according to the levels of limb amputation, the way of attaching prosthetic devices to the patient, the generations of technological performance adopted over time, the areas in which these prosthetic devices are used, and the mechanisms used for generation and transmission of forces in the joints of ankle & foot prostheses. The results include general information and help novice researchers in future approaches to the field of limb prostheses.
Purpose
Medical devices are undergoing rapid changes because of the increasing affordability of advanced technologies like additive manufacturing (AM) and three-dimensional scanning. New avenues are available for providing solutions and comfort that were not previously conceivable. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the research on developing prostheses using AM to understand the opportunities and challenges in the domain. Various studies on prosthesis development using AM are investigated to explore the scope of integration of AM in prostheses development.
Design/methodology/approach
A review of key publications from the past two decades was conducted. Integration of AM and prostheses development is reviewed from the technologies, materials and functionality point of view to identify challenges, opportunities and future scope.
Findings
AM in prostheses provides superior physical and cognitive ergonomics and reduced cost and delivery time. Patient-specific, lightweight solutions for complex designs improve comfort, functionality and clinical outcomes. Compared to existing procedures and methodologies, using AM technologies in prosthetics could benefit a large population.
Originality/value
This paper helps investigate the impact of AM and related technology in the field of prosthetics and can also be viewed as a collection of relevant medical research and findings.
Due to various reasons of natural disasters, car accidents, diseases and so on, different levels of amputations such as hand, wrist and shoulder disarticulation have been caused. A modular structural design of upper limb prosthesis that consists of hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders joints is vital to restore the lost motor functions of amputees and still remains a challenge. This paper designs a modular bionic arm prosthesis with five-degree-of-freedom according to the characteristics of weight, size and range of motion of a natural upper limb. By simulating and analyzing the kinematics of the arm prosthesis, results showed that the range of motion of the prosthesis is relatively wide and can meet the use of daily life. And based on the 3D printing technology, a whole arm prosthesis was printed and assembled modularly. Additionally, a control test of the modular arm prosthesis was conducted. The results showed that the designed prosthesis was operated successfully by the surface electromyography based pattern recognition control. The work of this study provides an effective modular bionic arm prosthesis structure that can restore different motor functions for patients with different levels of amputations.
