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A summary of the zeolite nanocrystals used in biomedical applications. Zeolites have positive effect on detoxification of animal and human living organisms, the treatment of diabetes mellitus and hemodialysis, construction of biosensors and biomarker detection of diseases, controlled drug and gen delivery, external applications, enzyme mimicry, and bone formation. Besides, zeolites used effectively as vaccine adjuvant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antidiarrheal drugs
Source publication
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine follow a multidisciplinary attitude to the expansion and application of new materials for the treatment of different tissue defects. Typically, proper tissue regeneration is accomplished through concurrent biocompatibility and positive cellular activity. This can be resulted by the smart selection of pla...
Citations
... Furthermore, our present research demonstrated the suppressive effects of ZC, PUN, and/or their combination on Mn-induced neurotoxicity, effectively reducing the levels of NF-κB, TLR4, IL-1β, PGE-2, and TNFα in the brain. Previous studies have reported that ZC significantly reduces inflammation in animals with induced esophagitis.81 Additionally, PUN has been ...
Background
Manganism, a central nervous system dysfunction correlated with neurological deficits such as Parkinsonism, is caused by the substantial collection of manganese chloride (MnCl2) in the brain.
Objectives
To explore the neuroprotective effects of natural compounds, namely, micronized zeolite clinoptilolite (ZC) and punicalagin (PUN), either individually or in combination, against MnCl2‐induced Parkinson's disease (PD).
Methods
Fifty male albino rats were divided into 5 groups (Gps). Gp I was used as the control group, and the remaining animals received MnCl2 (Gp II–Gp V). Rats in Gps III and IV were treated with ZC and PUN, respectively. Gp V received both ZC and PUN as previously reported for the solo‐treated plants.
Results
ZC and/or PUN reversed the depletion of monoamines in the brain and decreased acetyl choline esterase activity, which primarily adjusted the animals' behavior and motor coordination. ZC and PUN restored the balance between glutamate/γ‐amino butyric acid content and markedly improved the brain levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2/heme oxygenase‐1 and decreased glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta activity. ZC and PUN also inhibited inflammatory and oxidative markers, including nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells, Toll‐like receptor 4, nucleotide‐binding domain, leucine‐rich‐containing family, pyrin domain‐containing‐3 and caspase‐1. Bcl‐2‐associated X‐protein and B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl‐2) can significantly modify caspase‐3 expression. ZC and/or PUN ameliorated PD in rats by decreasing the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (p‐protein kinase‐like ER kinase (PERK), glucose‐regulated protein 78, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)) and enhancing the levels of an autophagy marker (Beclin‐1).
Discussion and Conclusion
ZC and/or PUN mitigated the progression of PD through their potential neurotrophic, neurogenic, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐apoptotic activities and by controlling ER stress through modulation of the PERK/CHOP/Bcl‐2 pathway.
... Biomedical applications of natural and synthetic zeolites (Inspired from[120]). ...
The present review provides an overview of the fundamentals and diverse applications of zeolites as reported in recent literature. Zeolites are crystalline microporous oxide materials with well-defined pores of molecular dimensions within their structure. Natural zeolites have garnered significant attention for their extensive environmental remediation and restoration applications. They are utilized as effective cation exchangers for removing pollutants from industrial wastewater and radioactive contaminants from nuclear power plant waters. Additionally, zeolites exhibit capabilities in decomposing indoor air ozone and enhancing peroxide bleaching of thermal-mechanical pulp, contributing to air and water quality improvement efforts. The review also sheds light on biomedical applications that harness natural and synthetic zeolites, highlighting their potential in diverse medical contexts. Overall, this review encapsulates the multifaceted nature of zeolites and their significant contributions across environmental, industrial, and biomedical domains.
... It is used in many industrial applications ranging from environmental remediation to oral applications/supplementation for humans as food supplements or for medical devices [6]. Zeolites, because of their porous structure and tunable properties, which can be modified with various materials, can be used as a delivery agent for theranostic applications [22], as scaffolds for tissue engineering [23], as drug delivery systems, and for wound healing. They can also be used as anti-bacterial, antimicrobial, implant-coating, and contrast agents, to remove harmful ions from the body, as gas absorbers, in hemodialysis, and as tooth root-filling material [24]. ...
Increasing the biological effectiveness of probiotic preparations requires the development of new stable forms in the gastrointestinal tract. Live bacteria immobilized on a sorbent belong to the latest, fourth generation of probiotics, which ensures a prolonged effect. This study is devoted to developing a new method of preparing active lactobacilli on a natural mineral carrier, a tuff containing zeolite of the clinoptilolite group, which is among the most common authigenic silicate minerals that occur in sedimentary rocks and is known as a safe ion-exchange and adsorbing detoxicant. Among the characterized lactobacilli, strains of L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, and L. crispatus possessed a high level of acid formation and stability in gastrointestinal fluids. The protective effect of the clinoptilolite-containing tuff was registered when the samples were incubated in gastric juice. The optimal technological conditions for immobilization and lyophilization were determined, and the preservation of the viability and probiotic properties of bacteria was confirmed during 8 months of storage. The release of bacteria from the carrier occurred gradually over 12 h. The data obtained show how promising the new preparation is, combining the ability to detoxify harmful intestinal metabolites and the prolonged release of probiotics.
... When monitoring the biological response, the temporal and spatial rate of OH À ion creation will be crucial [26]. Other elements, such as continual alkalinity generation close to the cells, may dramatically reduce cell viability for long-term cellular activity [91]. The pH results observed from the Figure 7, were in consistent with the results obtained from biodegradation study of these immersed samples. ...
PM-technique produced magnesium-alloy bio-nanocomposite porous scaffolds with carbamide as porogen. Mg samples were alloyed with Ca, Zn, and Sr for enhanced mechanical performance and deterioration resistance. Nano-fluorcanasite, a bioactive-chain-silicate glass-ceramic reinforcement, was added to the magnesium-metal-matrix to induce new bone cell growth. Dip-coating was used to coat bare magnesium samples with PCL. FE-SEM-EDS findings showed gradient-porosity and coating thickness of 70–90 µm. After 28-days of immersion, C-S1 and C-S2 had compressive and residual-compressive strengths 10% to 15% higher than C-S0. As Ca, Zn, and Sr hydroxyapatites formed, C-S1 and C-S2 degradation reduced with immersion time. Biodegradation matches immersion liquid pH, hydrogen gas evolution, and cytocompatibility. As porosity increased from 50% to 60%, scaffold compressive strength and modulus decreased but remained in line with that of a human cancellous bone. PCL-coated customized nanocomposite magnesium alloy-based biomaterials may be promising biodegradable bone tissue repair implant materials with configurable mechanical and degradable attributes.
... 58 Consequently, zeolite's ion exchange capabilities allow it to selectively absorb and release certain ions, thereby improving its potential in fields such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 59 The ion loading and release mechanisms as well as the intelligent ion-exchange property of zeolites provide a promising platform for investigating their possible uses. Zeolite can function as a transporter for essential components, and this property of zeolite gives unique views on the transport of molecules. ...
... [12][13][14], is of utmost importance. One such promising material in the biomedical field is zeolite, owing to its high bioactive and biocidal capabilities [27][28][29][30], as well as its strong affinity for polymeric materials, thus enhancing their stiffness and mechanical response [27,28]. ...
Three-dimensional printing has experienced steady growth across various industries, but its application in the production of biomedical devices and components is hindered by the lack of materials with suitable mechanical properties and controlled bioactivity. Most polymers have limitations in terms of their strength and bioactivity, necessitating the incorporation of special features to overcome these shortcomings. Among these polymers are polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene (PP), which are highly reusable materials. Zeolite, a widely available natural material, has the potential to address these bioactivity and strength limitations. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of composite materials, specifically PLA + zeolite and PP + zeolite, doped with Cu nanoparticles. The goal is to obtain composite materials capable of effective application in the biomedical field through 3D manufacturing, providing an efficient, cost-effective, and non-toxic alternative. The methodology employed involved extrusion manufacturing, followed by the validation of zeolite dispersion in PP and PLA through optical microscopy and the analysis of zeolite morphology using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical response of the materials was determined through nanoindentation tests and tensile experiments. The results obtained revealed an appropriate dispersion of zeolite in both polymer matrices. Nanoindentation tests highlighted significant anisotropy and an auxetic response in zeolite. However, virtual tests demonstrated a high precision between submicrometric and macrometric scales in the composite materials. Tensile tests indicated a substantial increase in the stiffness of the composite upon zeolite incorporation, with a 21.48% increase in the case of the PLA matrix compared to PLA without zeolite, and a 19.12% increase in the case of PP compared to PP without zeolite. These results hold promise for the fabrication of filaments intended for additive manufacturing processes in the biomedical field, offering an accessible and effective solution.
Graphical abstract
... In biological fluids, zeolite molecules adsorb biomaterials, such as calcium and phosphate ions. Therefore, zeolite could be a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering [88,89]. Recent studies have shown that zeolite could efficiently induce the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells [90][91][92]. ...
Critical-sized bone defects are a challenging issue during bone regeneration. Bone tissue engineering is aimed to repair such defects using biomimicking scaffolds and stem cells. Electrospinning allows the fabrication of biocompatible, biodegradable, and strengthened scaffolds for bone regeneration. Natural and synthetic polymers, alone or in combination, have been employed to fabricate scaffolds with appropriate properties for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Dental pulps are rich in stem cells, and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have a high capacity for proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulation, and trophic factor expression. Researchers have tried to enhance osteogenesis through scaffold modification approaches, including incorporation or coating with mineral, inorganic materials, and herbal extract components. Among them, the incorporation of nanofibers with hyaluronic acid (HA) has been widely used to promote osteogenesis. In this review, the electrospun scaffolds and their modifications used in combination with DPSCs for bone regeneration are discussed.
... Studies have shown that zeolites play an important role in bone formation. This is probably due to the presence of silicon, which can stimulate bone growth (10)(11)(12)(13) . ...
Objectives: The use of a biomaterial scaffold can improve the healing process of bone defects. Using radiologic and ultrasonographic methods, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of zeolite/collagen nanocomposite and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) bone scaffolds on the healing process of bone defect in rabbit femur. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight mature male New Zealand white rabbits were classified into four equal groups (n=7 in each). In the first group, the defect was made, and the wound was closed with no treatment; in the second group, the nHA was implanted into the defect; in the third group, the nanocomposite of zeolite/collagen was implanted; and in the fourth group, the defect was filled using autograft. Radiologic (Sedecal Veterinary X-Ray System, Model No. A6544-2) and ultrasonographic (Mindray Z5 Veterinary Ultrasound Scanner) examinations were done on days 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 postoperatively. Results: There were no healing effects on days 0 and 7 in any of the studied groups in the radiologic examination. The highest and lowest healing effects were related to treatment with zeolite/collagen nanocomposite and control group on day 60 after operation, respectively. There was no angiogenesis on day 0 in any group in the ultrasonographic examination. The highest and lowest levels of angiogenesis were related to rabbits treated with zeolite/collagen nanocomposite and the control group on day 30 after operation, respectively. Also, bone filling and angiogenesis in rabbits treated with zeolite/collagen nanocomposite were higher than other groups. Conclusions: Zeolite/collagen nanocomposite scaffolds bear a crucial capability in the reconstruction of bone defects and can be used in bone fractures.
... 11 Zeolite is used as an adsorber because of its regular amorphous structure with interconnected cavities in all directions, the ability to absorb small molecules, and a very large surface area. 12,13 Moreover, the ability of zeolites to exchange catalysts via cation adsorption is what makes them beneficial to be used as adsorber materials. 14,15 In addition, zeolite is also known as a porous material and has several practical uses, such as filters and absorbents of moisture. ...
Pahae natural zeolite potentially can be used as a filtration material because of its high adsorption capacity. However, it is known that other supportive materials such as activated charcoal are needed to optimize the utilization of natural zeolite as an adsorber. This study aims to investigate the potential use of activated charcoal which was synthesized from cocoa shells waste and natural zeolite in nanosize as the adsorber in order to increase the concentration of bioethanol. The mixing process of nanozeolite and activated charcoal of cocoa shells was carried out through mechanical mixing, while the nanofilter was made using a press-printing technique followed by sintering at several temperature variations. The results showed that the activated zeolite produced in this study has a particle size of 118.4 nm with water absorption capacity of 52.08%. In line with that, the bioethanol concentration was increased up to 78.92% during the adsorption with a 45 min contact time with water vapor. Thus, based on the results, it can be concluded that nanosized zeolite-based adsorbents and activated charcoal produced from cocoa shells can be utilized as adsorbers to significantly increase the concentration of bioethanol generated.
... Thus, a scaffold with a 3D porous arrangement has been accepted as an alternative providing a suitable substrate for cell growth and migration. [2][3][4][5] controlling fiber diameter at various spinning parameters. There was a correlation between fiber diameter and fabrication variables by using a second-order polynomial function. ...
... In order to determine the porosity percentage ( ) of the electrospun nanofiber composite mat, the SEM image of samples is processed through a program written based on the MATLAB software according to equation (2). (2) where and are white pixels indicating the nanofibers composite mat (NFCM) and black pixels indicating the open area, respectively. ...
... In order to determine the porosity percentage ( ) of the electrospun nanofiber composite mat, the SEM image of samples is processed through a program written based on the MATLAB software according to equation (2). (2) where and are white pixels indicating the nanofibers composite mat (NFCM) and black pixels indicating the open area, respectively. It should be pointed out that the images firstly were imported into Photoshop to determine the suitable threshold at boundaries. ...
It has been a challenging subject for researchers to manipulate the electrospinning key factors to achieve a composite nanofiber with proper properties. In this study, an experiment according to central composite design to investigate the effect of parameters including polyvinylpyrrolidone concentration, zeolite concentration, voltage, core flow rate and shell flow rate on diameter, maximum strength and porosity of polyethersulfone/ polyvinylpyrrolidone/zeolite core-shell composite nanofiber has been designed. Later on, two sets of models consisting of response surface methodology and artificial neural network are trained. Then, their performance was evaluated based on the definition of a novel goodness function. In the next step, the genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal design for scaffold applications. The results demonstrated that the average goodness value of models based on an artificial neural network (≈1.999) is higher than response surface methodology ones (≈1.780). Additionally, the genetic algorithm was able to find an optimal design with lower cost value (0.006) than the optimum sample (0.113) among the produced ones. Finally, the scanning electron microscopy micrographs highlighted that there is a strong and good cell proliferation on the selected design of nanofiber composite mat as the optimum scaffold. Keywords Nanofibrous composite mat, scaffold, response surface methodology, artificial neural network, genetic algorithm.
