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A most parsimonious tree calculated based on the partial FUM1 sequences of 90 Fusarium verticillioides strains isolated from Zea mays of different origins using the maximum parsimony setting, bootstrap set to 50%, and 1000 replications were done. Five reference strains isolated from Pisum sativum (F.v. F1.8.I.I; F.v. 10 I 3), Z. mays (F.v. KF3477; F.v. F1M1.1) and Ananas comosus (F.v. KF3537) were added to the analysis, as well as the NCBI GenBank-deposited FUM cluster sequences (AF155773). Four Fusarium proliferatum sequences were also included as outgroup (15; Gar3.2; Gar1; Gar3.0).
Source publication
Investigating the in vitro fumonisin biosynthesis and the genetic structure of Fusarium verticillioides populations can provide important insights into the relationships between strains originating from various world regions. In this study, 90 F. verticillioides strains isolated from maize in five Mediterranean countries (Italy, Spain, Tunisia, Egy...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... only slightly more polymorphic FUM1 sequences were analyzed and shown ( Figure 4). Apparently, neither geographical origin nor fumonisin production ability were correlated to the genetic diversity of the strain set, as almost all of them grouped together. ...
Context 2
... use of the FUM1 gene sequence analysis allowed for discrimination of subpopulations likely related to the host species of origin. We assumed that a similar rule would be valid for F. verticillioides; therefore, we added some pea- and pineapple-derived strains to the analysis (Figure 4). It was also possible that geographical differences between populations would become visible. ...
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Citations
... Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced mainly by Fusarium verticillioides (formerly: F. moniliforme) and Fusarium proliferatum and are considered a global serious problem in corn crops [1][2][3][4][5]. ...
Fumonisins B1 and B2 are carcinogenic and commonly contaminate corn and corn-based products. Analysis of such toxins using C18 HPLC column is officially accredited but still unknown if all column types can effectively separate FB1 and FB2 or not. The present study evaluated the efficiency of 5 analytical columns with different dimensions, particle sizes, and porosities to determine these toxins in both agar cultures of Fusarium verticillioides and cornflakes. Interestingly, the traditional column 150mm of length with 5µm porous particles had close retention times to those of the short-fused core column 75mm of length with 2.7 µm reflecting in time and solvents saving. Using Sep-Pack C18 for clean-up played an important role in enhancement the limit of quantification (LOQ) for cornflake samples (5-13.7 and 16.1-39 µg kg⁻¹ for FB1 and FB2, respectively). However, it was relatively higher for fungal culture samples that were not passed through the cleaning-up step (11.5-16 and 28.1-46.3 µg kg⁻¹ for FB1 and FB2, respectively). Overall, the lowest LOQ was obtained using the shorter fused core column. Finally, using such clean-up in the extraction of FB1 and FB2 from spiked cornflakes samples gave good recoveries (>80%) using all tested columns.
... Fumonisins are synthesised with great predominance by Fusarium spp. (Beccari et al., 2020;Stępieñ, 2020). A. niger is able to form mainly fumonisin B2 (FB2), especially on the cultivation media RC (reinforced clostridial agar), CYA (Czapek yeast extract agar) and YES (yeast extract sucrose medium), while usually not on the vast majority of plant-based media, such as MEA (malt extract agar base w/mycological peptone), OA (oat agar), or PDA (potato-dextrose agar). ...
We present a biological profile of 16 Aspergillus niger environmental isolates from different types of soils and solid substrates across a pH range, from an ultra-acidic (<3.5) to a very strongly alkaline (>9.0) environment. The soils and solid substrates also differ in varying degrees of anthropic pollution, which in most cases is caused by several centuries of mining activity at old mining sites, sludge beds, ore deposits, stream sediments, and coal dust. The values of toxic elements (As, Sb, Zn, Cu, Pb) very often exceed the limit values. The isolates possess different macro- and micromorphological features. All the identifications of Aspergillus niger isolates were confirmed by molecular PCR analysis and their similarity was expressed by RAMP analysis. The biochemical profile of isolates based on FF-MicroPlate tests from the Biolog system showed identical biochemical reactions in 50 tests, while in 46 tests the utilisation reactions differed. The highest similarity of strains isolated from substrates with the same pH, as well as the most suitable biochemical tests for analysis of the phenotypic similarity of isolated strains, were confirmed when evaluating the biochemical profile using multicriterial analysis in the Canoco program. The isolates were screened for mycotoxin production by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), as well. Two of them were able to synthesise ochratoxin A, while none produced fumonisins under experimental conditions. Presence of toxic compounds in contaminated sites may affect environmental microscopic fungi and cause the genome alteration, which may result in changes of their physiology, including the production of different (secondary) metabolites, such as mycotoxins.
... In general, there is no correlation between the efficiency of the metabolite synthesis and geographical origin of the strains studied. Nevertheless, there are reports of significant differences in the toxin production that occur despite the genetic uniformity of the population over a large area [11]. ...
It has been over 200 years since Fusarium pathogens were described for the first time, and they are still in the spotlight of researchers worldwide, mostly due to their mycotoxigenic abilities and subsequent introduction of harmful metabolites into the food chain [...].
