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Natural regeneration status of native tree species of Himchari National Park (HNP) was assessed through stratified random sampling method during January 2017 to May 2018. For regeneration study, about 51 subplots (5m×5m) were taken at the centre of each of the 51 sample quadrats (20m x 20m). A total of 760 seedlings of 41 species under 21 families...
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Purpose
In this paper, the authors show that ecological restoration potential through natural regeneration of degraded tropical rainforest is possible. This is significant because at present most of the tropical forest of the world, including of Bangladesh, are degraded.
Design/methodology/approach
Regeneration status of Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary...
Citations
... As a result of these economic hardships and limited awareness, many local children are forced into child labor instead of pursuing education. Furthermore, the absence of proper supervision and awareness has led to fishermen using unauthorized nets with small mesh sizes to catch fish fry, posing a serious threat to local biodiversity (Hossen et al., 2019;Nazrul et al., 2021;Profile, 2014;Shome, 2022). ...
... In the coastal areas surrounding the Sundarbans, four primary strategies have been identified. According to Hossen et al., (2019), these strategies can be classified as natural resource-based, non-natural resource-based, and migration, while Mukul, (2019) distinguishes between natural resource-based activities and non-natural resource-based activities such as remittances. Barik et al., (2018), however, identify agricultural intensification or extensification as a key strategy, a viewpoint that contrasts with other classifications. ...
This study examines the vulnerability of village households and trees to cyclonic events in the coastal region of Mongla, Bangladesh, an area increasingly affected by severe tropical cyclones. We assessed the structural integrity of residential buildings, the impact on tree cover, and the overall socioeconomic effects of cyclones. Our analysis reveals that a significant majority of homes are built with materials inadequate for cyclone resistance, with 66.3% constructed from tin, leading to substantial damage during storms. Specifically, 58.8% of homes, 69.9% of kitchens, and 74.5% of cattle sheds experienced cyclone-induced damage over the past decade. The presence of trees around homes mitigates damage; houses surrounded by trees suffered 58.8% damage compared to 93.3% for those without. Socioeconomic impacts include loss of livelihood, with many households dependent on relief due to the destruction of crops and fishing equipment. We recommend implementing hazard mapping, enhancing land use planning, and constructing cyclone-resistant buildings. Additionally, retrofitting existing structures, expanding cyclone shelters, and increasing mangrove and homestead tree plantations are crucial for improving resilience. The study highlights the urgent need for increased public awareness and community engagement in cyclone preparedness and risk reduction.
... As a result of these economic hardships and limited awareness, many local children are forced into child labor instead of pursuing education. Furthermore, the absence of proper supervision and awareness has led to fishermen using unauthorized nets with small mesh sizes to catch fish fry, posing a serious threat to local biodiversity (Hossen et al., 2019;Nazrul et al., 2021;Profile, 2014;Shome, 2022). ...
... In the coastal areas surrounding the Sundarbans, four primary strategies have been identified. According to Hossen et al., (2019), these strategies can be classified as natural resource-based, non-natural resource-based, and migration, while Mukul, (2019) distinguishes between natural resource-based activities and non-natural resource-based activities such as remittances. Barik et al., (2018), however, identify agricultural intensification or extensification as a key strategy, a viewpoint that contrasts with other classifications. ...
This study examines the vulnerability of village households and trees to cyclonic events in the coastal region of Mongla, Bangladesh, an area increasingly affected by severe tropical cyclones. We assessed the structural integrity of residential buildings, the impact on tree cover, and the overall socioeconomic effects of cyclones. Our analysis reveals that a significant majority of homes are built with materials inadequate for cyclone resistance, with 66.3% constructed from tin, leading to substantial damage during storms. Specifically, 58.8% of homes, 69.9% of kitchens, and 74.5% of cattle sheds experienced cyclone-induced damage over the past decade. The presence of trees around homes mitigates damage; houses surrounded by trees suffered 58.8% damage compared to 93.3% for those without. Socioeconomic impacts include loss of livelihood, with many households dependent on relief due to the destruction of crops and fishing equipment. We recommend implementing hazard mapping, enhancing land use planning, and constructing cyclone-resistant buildings. Additionally, retrofitting existing structures, expanding cyclone shelters, and increasing mangrove and homestead tree plantations are crucial for improving resilience. The study highlights the urgent need for increased public awareness and community engagement in cyclone preparedness and risk reduction.
... The values of Shannon′s index H′ and Pielou′s index J ′ (evenness) for the entire range were respectively 2.01 and 0.45 (Table 2). The values of H′ and J ′ in the present forest are lower than the values of those reported in Himchari National Park (H′= 3.733, J ′= 0.853)[46,47], Sithapahar reserve forest (H′= 2.98)[43], Tankawatinatural forest of Chittagong (South) Forest Division (H′= 3.25), Garo Hills of India (H′= 4.27) [37] and in south eastern part of Bangladesh (J ′= 0.613) [36], whereas mean stem density and basal area are higher in the present forest area than those in the Himchari National Park and south eastern part of Bangladesh, but lower than those in other latter forest areas. It can be concluded that the Sal Forest areas in Tangail north forest division seems to be most likely unequillibrium in floristic composition with low species diversity. ...
The floristic composition, species diversity and structural characteristics of woody species in National Park range under Tangail North Forest Division, were investigated based on bit-wise classification. There were five bits in the range. We recorded 18 families, 21 genera, 21 species and 500 woody individuals from the study area (0.5 ha). Fabaceae was the most species rich family and each genus was represented by a single species. Sal (Shorea robusta C.F. Gaertn) was the most dominant species in terms of its highest and tremendously high importance values IV% in the total area and all bits, respectively. More than 40% species had very low IV%, indicating their disappearance or may not be strongly associated with Sal. These species need appropriate management to prevent their disappearance or extinction from the forest area. The values of Shannon′s index H′ and Pielou′s index J ′ (evenness) for the study area were 2.01 and 0.45, respectively. These values show low species diversity as compared to other forests in Bangladesh. Among the bits, the values of H′ and J′ were more or less similar with low index values (from 1.34 to 1.74 and from 0.44 to 0.65, respectively) which may be due to similar species composition with low similarity index values (0.24 t0 0.48). The structural characteristics of woody species diversity showed that the highest species diversity was observed at 5 cm< D ≤10 cm diameter class. In addition, the mean height and basal area of woody species increased with increasing dbh. A few numbers of small trees habitat in the study sites, because the Sal forests in the study area are considered to face a severe threat to their existence due to high anthropogenic disturbances occurred inside and outside the boundary.
... The stem/tree relative density, relative frequency, relative abundance, and Importance Value Index (IVI) were calculated following Shukla and Chandal (2000). Different diversity indices were analyzed following (Pielou 1995;Hossen et al. 2019aHossen et al. , 2019cOdum 1971) to obtain a picture of tree stock in HNP. Empirical data (Height, DBH, etc.) were analyzed with the help of MS Excel. ...
The aim of the study was to assess the tree species composition, dominance, and quantitative distribution of tree species of Himchari National Park, Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh through stratified random sampling method using sample plots (51) of 20 m x 20 m in size during the period of January 2017 to May 2018. A total of 961 stems (dbh ≥ 5 cm) of 88 tree species belonging to 64 genera and 37 families were enumerated where the stem density and basal area were 457.39 stem ha-1 and 10.979 m 2 ha-1 respectively. On the other hand, the species diversity index, Shannon-Wiener's diversity index, Shannon's maximum diversity index, species evenness index, Margalef's diversity index, and Simpson's diversity index were 0.092, 3.733 ± 0.0071, 4.477, 0.834, 12.667 and 0.039 ± 0.0003 respectively. The highest Importance Value Index (IVI) was found for Acacia auriculiformis (23.23) followed by Tectona grandis (13.05), Gmelina arborea (12.66), Syzygium fruticosum (12.34), Casuarina equisetifolia (10.57), and Dipterocarpus turbinatus (10.55). The IVI value represents that Acacia auriculiformis possess highest dominance that is followed by Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea. Percentage distribution of tree individuals into different height classes found in quadrats showed that height range 3-<8 m had the highest (59.83%) percentage of tree individuals. On the other hand, different dbh (having dbh ≥5 cm) classes showed that most of the trees (65.97%) belonged to dbh range 5-<15 cm. The outcome of present study suggests for the protection, sustainable management, and conservation of the tree resources of HNP, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.
... Conserving the remaining forest is important because they have the highest biodiversity of all sequences. In Bangladesh, there is an urgent need to effectively protect and manage the existing reserve forest areas (Hossen, Hossain, et al., 2019a;Hossen, Hossain, et al., 2019b;Hossen, Hossain, et al., 2019c). Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary stands a better chance for protection against loss of native tree species as well as biodiversity as it has been declared as Wildlife Sanctuary in 2010. ...
Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary (HWS), located in the Fatikchari upazila of Chittagong district, Bangladesh with a land area of 2,908.5 acres, is a Protected Area IUCN Category II. Once the forest was very rich in flora and fauna but apparently, it seems that some lesser known species may have been disappeared from the area due to changes in overall conditions. The study was conducted through systematic quadrat method where the size of the plot was 20 m×20 m. A total of 162 tree species (having ≥5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)) belonging to 50 families were recorded where Euphorbiaceae family possess the highest number of species (18) followed by Moraceae (12 species). Conservation status of the plants indicated that 52% species (85 species) were Least Concern (LC) which was maximum among the conservation categories. However, the Vulnerable, Endangered, Near Threatened and Critically Endangered tree species were represented by 20% (32 species), 6% (9 species), 1% (1 species) and 2% (3 species) respectively. The study created a baseline of information on the tree species diversity of the protected area which is expected to be helpful to the future researchers as well as in taking managerial actions by the policy makers.
... Recently 158000 sq kilometers (39 million acres) tropical forest lost from the world. Bangladesh is a small country of South-Asia having 10.96% of forest coverage in 2016, which are almost evergreen and semi-evergreen tropical rain forests mainly elongated over Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Chittagong hill tracts and Sylhet and it occupies 4.54% of total country's landmass,44% national forest land. Primary forests of Bangladesh are degraded due to extreme population growth associated with poverty, intense shortage of fuelwood, fodder and timber (Islam et al., 2001). ...
The main purpose of this study is to describe the spatio-temporal analysis of land use and land cover status and to identify land cover changes, especially of deforestation and degradation in evergreen, semi-evergreen rainforests of Chittagong Hill Tracts from 1988-2018 by using Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS and Landsat 5 TM satellite imagery. The ArcGIS v10.5 and ERDAS Imagine v15 software were used to process satellite imageries and assess quantitative data for land-use change assessment of this study area. The study revealed that the area of forest land and water body decreased by 17.92% and 5.43% respectively from 1988-2018. On the other hand, the area of agricultural land, barren land and settlement increased by 45.66%, 312.08% and 240.01% respectively. If the present condition remains constant, the projection of future land-use/ land cover changes for the next 15 years will predict that more than 7.37% dense forest (2253.83 ha) land will be decreased and 19.60% agricultural will be converted to other land uses. This study suggests that proper policy should be adopted urgently to conserve residual forest coverage and restore it to regain its past appearance.
