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Load flow method suitable for both radial and weakly-meshed network structures common to distribution systems is proposed in this paper. Here the concept duality of network has been exploited to obtain the solution. Unique data feeding technique and creation of single matrix [branch-voltage drop to node-current] based on dual nature of the electric...
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The drastic increase of residential load consumption in recent years result in over loading feeder lines and transformers for the Iraqi northern area distribution system especially in the city of Mosul. Solution for this problem requires up to date research consumers load study to find the proper solution to stop excess overload in the transformers...
Citations
This work presents the analysis of electrical safety for buildings based on IET wiring regulations to decide the conductor size of cable based on ampere carrying capacity under 220–240 V electrical supply. First literature review is carried out with the introduction of significance of power-flow study and reconfiguration to understand the voltage-limits from the source to the load point. Then important few 17th wiring regulations discussed during the design of current capacity calculations of conductors for the fixed and varying environmental temperature. Further, the earthing techniques of are analyzed to avoid from electric shock. According to IET regulations, design current (Ib), nominal current (In), perspective current (Iz), short circuit current (Isc) and percentage voltage drop are calculated for the 2-core, “clipped direct” grouped cabling system. The results and discussions are found useful to set the “time of operation” of MCB fuse, which help to protect from electric shock. The, sizes of clipped detect conductors are mapped with opted desert temperature conditions such as 34 0C, 44 0C and 54 0C around the cable using standard wiring regulations. According to the temperate variation, it is found that the significant variation in the conductor size of cables and grouping of cable on wall and wall with thermal insulation of used to connect from source to load. Furthermore, in the second part of this case study, the impact of temperature change in Signal Strength, Data Collection and Localization parameters of a Wireless Sensor Network under same desert temperature conditions are reported.
This paper presents application of fuzzy set theory and interval arithmetic for computing the branch currents, node voltages. First load currents at every node are estimated based on hourly load pattern of different types of consumers using fuzzy set theory. Once the fuzzy load currents at each node are estimated, then by using forward path information matrix the branch currents are computed using the concepts of arithmetic operations on closed intervals. Node voltages are computed using the simple relationship of sending end and receiving end voltages and using the concept of arithmetic operations on closed intervals. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through an example. It is also compared with the general load estimation process.
Radial distribution systems employ special recursive techniques for load flow owing to the radial nature and high (R/X) ratio. This paper presents a new efficient technique for accomplishing the load flows in some standard test radial distribution systems. The proposed mathematical approach employs only three recursive equations devoid of any complex parameters. The steps of the load flow algorithm are presented, and possible simplifications are discussed. The algorithm has been programmed in MATLAB R2010a version and tested on different standard and IEEE test systems. The results of the proposed method are compared to those of other methods reported in the literature for distribution systems. Results show that the proposed method is effective, computationally efficient and faster than other existing methods.
Network pricing is a complex issue, considering the network size and other facets. For distribution networks, reference network aids in quick decision making, for network operation and pricing. There is a sustained interest for development of dynamic network pricing mechanisms to reflect network cost on a real time basis. Recent developments in smart grid technologies have offered opportunities to utilise these innovative technologies for real time network pricing. The paper proposes an integrated framework for providing dynamic network pricing for practical distribution networks. This framework introduces an integration of network reconfiguration algorithm in association with reference network formation algorithm. Considering the dynamic nature of networks, their reference network would also change with them. With real time inputs, it is possible to form a reference network for every eventuality in the system in real time, and carry out quick analyses based on these smart reference networks, and offer real time dynamic network pricing.
This paper presents a methodology to solve radial distribution networks load flow problem, wherein the input data are uncertain due to measurement errors. In order to deal with these here the uncertainties, interval mathematics (IM) tool has been applied to obtain the interval load flow solution. The data arrangement to account for uncertainties, the complex load currents at the buses and line parameters have been treated as interval numbers and subsequently, the complex interval arithmetic has been used to compute the solution. This approach arranges the interval input data and compute interval load flow solution using concept of duality based method. The proposed method also, compares with fuzzy-interval method for the defined range. This methodology is programmed and successfully demonstrated for defined networks having 15 and 27 bus system data. It can be extended three phase networks also.
