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Figure 1 - ECG diagnosis of acute ischaemia and infarction: Past, present and future

Figure 1. A demonstration to the Royal Society by Waller’s pet bulldog ‘Jimmie’ ( Illustrated London News, May 22nd 1909 ). The Times newspaper of July 9, 1909 reported that the demonstration had caused debate in parliament over whether the Cruelty to Animals Act (1876) had been contravened. On being questioned on this ‘public experiment’ on a dog with ‘a leather strap with sharp nails secured around the neck, his feet being immersed in glass jars containing salts . . . connected by wires with galvanometers’, the Secretary of State replied as follows: Mr Gladstone ‘ I understand the dog stood for some time in water to which sodium chloride had been added or in other words a little common salt. If my honourable friend has ever paddled in the sea he will understand the sensation. (Laughter) The dog—a finely developed bulldog—was neither tied nor muzzled. He wore a leather collar ornamented with brass studs. Had the experiment been painful the pain would no doubt have been immediately felt by those nearest the dog. (Laughter) ’ Mr MacNeill (MP Donegal South) ‘ Will the right honourable gentleman inform the person who furnished him with his jokes that there are members in this House who regard these experiments on dogs with abhorrence?’ (Hear) Mr Gladstone ‘ I certainly shall not. The jokes, poor as they are, are mine own’ (Laughter and cheers) (from Levick JR, An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology , 4 th edn Reprinted by permission of Edward Arnold). 
A demonstration to the Royal Society by Waller’s pet bulldog ‘Jimmie’ ( Illustrated London News, May 22nd 1909 ). The Times newspaper of July 9, 1909 reported that the demonstration had caused debate in parliament over whether the Cruelty to Animals Act (1876) had been contravened. On being questioned on this ‘public experiment’ on a dog with ‘a leather strap with sharp nails secured around the neck, his feet being immersed in glass jars containing salts . . . connected by wires with galvanometers’, the Secretary of State replied as follows: Mr Gladstone ‘ I understand the dog stood for some time in water to which sodium chloride had been added or in other words a little common salt. If my honourable friend has ever paddled in the sea he will understand the sensation. (Laughter) The dog—a finely developed bulldog—was neither tied nor muzzled. He wore a leather collar ornamented with brass studs. Had the experiment been painful the pain would no doubt have been immediately felt by those nearest the dog. (Laughter) ’ Mr MacNeill (MP Donegal South) ‘ Will the right honourable gentleman inform the person who furnished him with his jokes that there are members in this House who regard these experiments on dogs with abhorrence?’ (Hear) Mr Gladstone ‘ I certainly shall not. The jokes, poor as they are, are mine own’ (Laughter and cheers) (from Levick JR, An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology , 4 th edn Reprinted by permission of Edward Arnold). 
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