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A conceptual model for considering safety perception in relation to countermeasures against the spread of COVID-19 on cruiseferries.
Source publication
The COVID-19 pandemic devastated substantial portions of the tourism industry; the cruise industry particularly suffered from negative publicity as the virus spread rapidly on cruise ships. The pandemic is a disaster that the industry has been forced to adapt to. This study illustrates, through a mixed-methods research design, what factors cruisefe...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... soon, and therefore, it will not affect the ships currently being built. That is, new ships would not have features that are adapted to the pandemic context. Based on the discussions during the workshops, the central aspects that the cruiseferry operators were considering in their contingency plans were derived and are illustrated as a model in Fig. 1. First, the relevant and effective countermeasures need to be identified. The uncertainty of various countermeasures' effectiveness inhibited the investment in countermeasures in the dire economic situation. Thus, identifying effective countermeasures is the first element in our model. Another concern that the workshops and meetings ...
Context 2
... These are important questions to consider as health risks are central to making decisions about travel ( Radic et al. 2020). Indeed, the case cruiseferry operators were concerned about how countermeasures would affect the cruise experience. The model developed based on the meetings and workshops with cruiseferry operators and other key experts (Fig. 1) illustrates what factors cruiseferry operators considered when they adapted to the ...
Context 3
... management plans must also inevitably consider what impact various countermeasures may have on passengers' willingness and intentions to cruise (Holland et al. 2021). Hence, from a business perspective a good countermeasure shall have a minimum effect on customer retention or even improve the customer experience of a cruise, as illustrated in Fig. 1, to become part of a disaster management plan in the cruise ...
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The main objective of this article is to develop a methodology to detect, assess and prevent biosecurity-related risks. Currently, the main risk found in our daily life is COVID-19, which has triggered a serious global pandemic. As a result, economic and social activity has suffered a decline in its development and evolution compared to previous ye...
Citations
... Because recently we had guests to stay in the eco-lodge who mentioned this themselves. " Långstedt et al. (2022) argue that countermeasures such as hygiene and social distancing are deemed a significant source of safety for most customers in the hospitality industry. His words indicate that he has tried to create a sense of security for participants by following health protocols. ...
... Academic research during the pandemic concentrated on reputational aspects and consumer behaviour (e.g. Wang et al., 2022;Ajagunna and Casanova, 2022;Långstedt et al., 2022;Muritala et al., 2022;Lahav, 2022, 2021;Holland et al., 2021;Lu and Zheng, 2021;Pan et al., 2021;Quintal et al., 2021;Yuen et al., 2021). The pandemic's impact and the subsequent recovery of ports also received scholarly attention (e.g. ...
Purpose
This study aims to empower cruise academia to assert their role as enablers, and potentially drivers, of sustainable, responsible and resilient cruise futures.
Design/methodology/approach
This contribution represents a synthesis and a critical reflection of cruise-related research-review literature over the last four decades, assessing its impact and potential in terms of influencing the evolution and future developments of cruise tourism.
Findings
Cruise research between the 1980s and the first decade of this century could be characterised as “ship-centric” and managerially focused. Over the last decade and up to the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, cruise research has become increasingly “cruise-destination centric”, with sustainability emerging as a dominant theme. Diverging somewhat from the public and media emphasis on environmental concerns and risks, academic research tends to focus on the economic aspects of sustainability. Nonetheless, and despite aiming for practical relevance, cruise research tends to remain reactive and lags behind industry trends.
Research limitations/implications
This paper proposes a shift from a “applied” to an “applicable” research paradigm, inspiring researchers to proactively shape the industry‘s future by embracing “what-ifs” in their thematic scope. Such a paradigm calls for a normativity-enriched methodological diversity, as well as the inclusion of transformational relevance as an indicator of research impact.
Originality/value
Public perceptions of cruise tourism have changed over the years, evolving from that of a promising holiday niche to a symbol of unsustainable mass tourism. In this context, cruise scholars are offered guidance for transcending the polarising debate of growth versus de-growth/limits while increasing the relevance and transformational impact of cruise scholarship.
... Behavior change according to [4] is also important to prevent the spread of this disease. Several studies conducted regarding the spread of this virus on ships stated that airborne virus transmission took place significantly on ships [5] [6][7], the virus can easily spread from one sufferer into the environment through contaminated air intermediaries due to coughing or sneezing. ...
The pandemic condition due to the COVID-19 virus attack has affected all areas of life throughout the earth. Post-pandemic policies and new behaviors are one of the important efforts in getting life back to normal. The pandemic has triggered many technological innovations to be carried out as further mitigation and prevention efforts. In the shipping sector, the impact of shipping restrictions and the number of passengers is detrimental due to a decrease in productivity that affects the shipping and port business. Air exchange patterns and room design are important things to be conditioned to reduce the potential for virus exposure. This article presents an investigation of computational fluid dynamics in the accommodation space of the XYZ passenger ship and simulations of potential exposures in several scenarios of ventilation conditions. By simulating 12 models of ventilation conditions, two conditions of the ships being stationary and moving, and the influence of wind from outside. Layout redesign can be applied effectively in open ventilation conditions and has less exposed bench results compared to existing conditions with an effective percentage of 0.75% - 2.3%
... If the COVID-19 outbreak has transformed cruise ships into epidemiological laboratories [33,34], providing information on COVID-19 and the necessary emergency plans to protect the health of the crew and tourists [35] represents a new challenge for maritime medicine [36], at the same time, cruise ships have also transformed into closed multicultural communities faced with the threat of serious illness or death. Hence, as highlighted by the present investigation, the need to avert interpersonal and/or intergroup conflicts and know how to deal with the socioemotional issues triggered by the fear of illness and death in crowded and isolated contexts. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed our daily lives. One of the sectors most affected was tourism and travel – and, more specifically, cruises, given the prolonged time passengers spend with others within the small spaces of the cruise ship. While finding well-organised entertainment opportunities on cruises is possible, emergency conditions may cause panic. On such occasions, reactions can be highly stressful or even traumatic. This research explores the events and emotions experienced by passengers during a cruise ship quarantined for COVID-19. The empirical materials consist of interviews with 15 passengers. The analyses show four thematic areas: fear of contagion, feelings of discrimination, cooperation between passengers and relationship with the crew. The problems during a cruise ship quarantine presented by the passengers in this study reveal the need for psychological preparation for the crew and security personnel. Finally, we suggest that telemedicine and telepsychology are key elements to improve the efficiency of behavioral control on cruise ships and to mitigate the COVID-19 effects on tourists' well-being during a quarantine.
... It seems that the effects of pandemic and war will be experienced for a long time by the companies and their employees as well as the external environment, and their actual consequences will only be assessed retrospectively. Moreover, to save their reputation damaged by mass media during the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted from many weeks of negative media campaigns presenting sea cruise ships as closed-circuit facilities posing a risk of disease transmission, cruise companies were forced to restore their image among potential passengers (Långstedt et al., 2022) through costly marketing campaigns (Holland et al., 2021). These actions required companies to redirect huge financial resources to investments in equipment and facilities to improve the sanitary standards and maintain hygienic regimes on ships and in port terminals. ...
Purpose
The aim of this article is to identify areas of uncertainty that may affect sustainable management in the cruise shipping market in Northern Europe and define the directions of sustainable management undertaken by the entities participating in this market.
Design/methodology/approach
Several research methods were used in the work, i.e., analysis of existing materials, desk research, exploratory method, and case studies. Comparative analysis and critical analysis were also carried out. A few research questions were also developed and are described in the methodology section.
Findings
The statements showed that cruise shipping companies have been strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war with Russia, which also to some extent forced them to revise their priorities within sustainable management.
Practical implications
Examples of good practice on sustainable management may be an interesting cognitive source of knowledge, both for the representatives of seaports in coastal destinations, as well as for cruise shipping companies.
Social implications
The cruise shipowners’ awareness of the negative impact of cruise shipping development upon the quality of local communities’ life in coastal destinations is considered to be a key aspect of sustainable management.
Originality/value
The review of literature revealed a lack of publications regarding the issue of sustainable management in the cruise shipping market, particularly with a view to changing the approach to sustainable management in the context of the events faced by cruise lines and seaports around the world in recent years.
... to improve the strength of security. The need is that the companies should work on research and development projects to enhance the quality of life of the consumers (Långstedt et al., 2021;Lee, Rao, Nass, Forssell, & John, 2012;Rai & Medha, 2013). The results of H4 show that there is a significant relationship between information communication technology and quality of life. ...
In the business sector of Pakistan, social equity is still an unaddressed and conflicting issue. The objective of this study is to highlight the factors playing a key role in maintaining social equity and to develop a sense of satisfaction among consumers of Pakistani market segments to provide them with a way to best business practices and importantly, for emerging businesses. This study was conducted with the help of a questionnaire, and the responses were collected from 700 respondents. The hypotheses were developed with careful evaluation of existing literature, and data was collected from diverse respondents in the Pakistani business and market sectors. This study concludes that to develop social equity for a community, the role of digitalization, a sense of security, and information communication technology are important. The significance of this study is to develop sustainable business activities and ensure the concept of social equity in the Pakistani environment by addressing the theoretical gap and providing recommendations based on responses taken from the diverse consumers.
... Because recently we had guests to stay in the ecolodge who mentioned this themselves.' Långstedt et al. (2022) argue that the countermeasures such as hygiene and social distancing are deemed a significant source of safety for most customers in the hospitality industry. It can be deduced from his words that he has tried to create a sense of safety for participants by following health protocols. ...
This paper aimed to assess a survived ecolodge with private ownership in Yazd Province, Iran from the sustainability perspective. After unexpected circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the ecolodge has adapted itself by adopting innovations that could be applicable for similar cases. In order to data collection, the owner of the ecolodge contributed with researchers in providing necessary information regarding his activities. Moreover, a semi-structured interview with the owner was conducted. The studied ecolodge is an old mansion that is located on the outskirt of the Historic City of Yazd as the first inscribed city of Iran on UNESCO's World Heritage list. At the first, this old mansion was adaptively reused for accommodation purposes to familiarize tourists with the local lifestyle in 2016. In the adaption process, traditional architecture techniques and materials, and minimum intervention on the layout have been implemented. This ecolodge has prepared financial support for locals through hiring women and youth. On the other hand, it has introduced a rural area as a prominent destination. According to the findings, a set of innovations in line with sustainability principles such as collaborating with local entrepreneurship, advertising the sale of local handicraft products on its social media, holding creative events for children, cooperating with universities and NGOs, etc. helped the ecolodge to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Naturally Optimised Revenue Demand in Communities (NORDIC) model was employed to improve the flow of physical and intangible utilities through entities of different kinds, such as producing companies and nations. The applied economic instrument also improved the ecological footprint of organisations. The case study demonstrated how to create an economic incentive to reduce costs and increase efficiency in Sweden's health care, education, and social services. The model shows utility for various entities, such as public sectors, within nations. Citizens of the ever more integrated global market get a better life, and improved health, due to a better economy when the results in this study are implemented. There is potential to apply the model to the global context.
To improve education, the Naturally Optimised Revenue Demand in Communities (NORDIC) model was used. Dropout is a major issue. Dropping out has an impact not just on the student who drops out, but also on the university and society as a whole. Based on the NORDIC model, this paper presented a novel and effective economic instrument for enhanced dropout management. This case study demonstrated how the NORDIC model may be used to improve education in Swedish society. Governments have access to a tool for monitoring, managing, and evaluating the education sector. End users could include school administrators and legislators looking for a complete tool to rethink education policy. To reduce the qualification age, the NORDIC model should be applied to education difficulties. Further study will focus on designing algorithms for certain student groups.
