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Generally, in sports performance, the relationship between movement science and physiological function has been conducted integrating neuronal mechanism over the past decades. However, understanding those interaction between neural network and motor performance comprehensively in achieving optimal performance is still lacking, mainly in cycling. Th...
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... at different cadences seems to be the key to respond to differrent requirement during a race. In order to increase power output at higher cadences, higher cortical brain activation is necessary (Hottenrott et al., 2013). ...
Context 2
... It is possible to study gamma waves as biomarkers to indicate cognitive and high mental processing in athletes, as each of them should be able to respond accordingly when facing uncertain situations in which it may not be a usual process during training. From the discussion of interaction between brain activity, physiology and biomechanics, Fig. 3 showed a conceptual framework that could potentially be used for future pratices and research with regards to optimal cycling performance. All main variables and elements in cycling performance included in this conceptual framework has been scientifically proven in previous studies (refer to table 1). In the framework, neural effciency ...
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Generally, in sports performance, the relationship between movement science and physiological function has been conducted integrating neuronal mechanism over the past decades. However, understanding those interaction between neural network and motor performance comprehensively in achieving optimal performance mainly in cycling is still lacking. The...
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... Hence, we aim to investigate the synchronous beta effects of listening to the acoustic stimulation from the Quranic Fatihah Chapter on human cognition and its neuroscientific explanation. EEG was used as a biomarker in various activities (Zainuddin et al., 2017), and this study was performed by conducting neuroimaging techniques using electroencephalogram (EEG) combined with multivariate analysis to see the potential of EEG as a biomarker for Quranic sound perception and its synchronous effects towards cognitive processes in the brain. ...
Sound has rhythms that can interact with human brain rhythms. The interaction may improve human cognition through neuronal synchronization. However, research on the synchronization effects of listening to the Holy Quran remains elusive. This study aimed to learn the potential synchronous effects of Quranic listening in beta frequency through electroencephalographic oscillatory dataset. Subjects were listening to Fatihah Chapter, Arabic News and Rest in random sequence. Data were pre-processed followed by neuroimaging analysis using BESA Research 6.1. Repeated Measures ANOVA and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) algorithm were applied to elucidate the significantly different EEG electrode channels compared to Rest and their clusters. Results showed that Beta rhythms synchronization with the Fatihah Chapter is associated with verbal fluency, academic performance, social interaction, inhibitory function, movement planning, self-motivation, self-management and reactivation of sensory features of memory trace as highly activated cluster, followed by working memory, language processing and decision making as medially activated cluster; and tune recognition and visual mental imagery as low activated neural circuits cluster during listening to the Fatihah Chapter.
... To the best of our knowledge, scientific pieces of evidence suggest that cerebral organization and the corticospinal pathway could play an important role in such performance optimization [12,126,127]. Indeed, afferent signals sent by organs during cycling vary significantly according to the intensity of pedaling. ...
... Researchers monitor cerebral activity during cycling using electroencephalography (EEG). Such analyses are performed by recording cortical electrical activity with electrodes placed on the scalp, to determine the neural state during cycling exercise [17,24,92,127]. The signal of the electrical field recorded is then analyzed in terms of amplitude and frequency. Alpha ( ) brainwave frequencies, characterized by frequencies between 8 and 12 Hz [17], traduce attentional focus on action and fatigue sensation. ...
Performance in cycling is frequently related to metabolic or biomechanical factors. Overall, the contribution of the neurophysiological
system during cycling is often poorly considered in performance optimization. Yet, cycling is a complex
whole-body physical exercise that necessitates specific coordination and fine control of motor output to manage the different
intensities. The ability to produce different levels of intensity of exercise would require optimizing many functions
of the central nervous system from the brain’s treatment of sensory signals to complex motor command execution via the
corticospinal pathway. This review proposes an integrative approach to the factors that could influence cycling performance,
based on neurophysiological and cognitive markers. First, we report data relying on brain activity signals, to account for
the different brain areas and cognitive functions involved. Then, because the motor command is highly dependent upon its
regulation along the corticospinal pathway, we expose the modulation of corticospinal and spinal excitabilities during cycling.
We present these later by reviewing the literature of studies using transcranial magnetic or percutaneous nerve stimulations.
Finally, we describe a model of neural and cognitive adjustments that occur with acute and chronic cycling practices, with
several areas of improvement focusing on these factors, including mental and cognitive training.
... The significant increase of the α/β ratio with IZ ( Fig. 4) could be due to the growing demand for sensorimotor, cognitive, and motor activity in the cycling task (Maceri et al., 2019). Indeed, the β and the α cortical activities are both associated with psychological activities during aerobic exercise (Cheron et al., 2016;di Fronso et al., 2018;Enders et al., 2016;Ludyga et al., 2016;Zainuddin et al., 2017). Our results are in line with Enders et al., (2016), who reported an increase in both α and β bandwidth during a time trial to exhaustion (TTE) at 85% MAP . ...
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neural efficiency and the ability of an athlete to produce accurate efforts in different perceived intensity zones during a racing scenario. The α/β ratio was used to quantify the neural efficiency during cycling, as it traduced the degree of participants information processing activity with lower cortical activity possible. Twelve trained competitive male cyclists delimited their perceived intensity zones 2 to 6 on a scale to assess the rating of exercise intensity. Then, they performed a 30 min racing scenario during which they had to produce different perceived intensities. The ability of athletes to produce perceived effort with accuracy and their neural efficiency was quantified during the racing scenario. The increase in the neural efficiency with the increase in the effort intensity could partly explain the improvement in athletes’ ability to produce accurately perceived efforts from intensity zones 3 to 6. Moreover, the neural efficiency during the racing scenario was significantly correlated to the ability to produce perceived effort with accuracy at submaximal intensities.
... The significant increase of the α/β ratio with IZ ( Fig. 4) could be due to the growing demand for sensorimotor, cognitive, and motor activity in the cycling task (Maceri et al., 2019). Indeed, the β and the α cortical activities are both associated with psychological activities during aerobic exercise (Cheron et al., 2016;di Fronso et al., 2018;Enders et al., 2016;Ludyga et al., 2016;Zainuddin et al., 2017). Our results are in line with Enders et al., (2016), who reported an increase in both α and β bandwidth during a time trial to exhaustion (TTE) at 85% MAP . ...
Mountain bikers often report impaired finger sensitivity caused by mechanical vibrations and misalignment between the wrist and the forearm when using traditional (cylindrical) handles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of ergonomic clip-on handles that allowed the hand to rest on the medial carpal bone, on muscular activity, vibration transmissibility between the cycle ergometer and body segments, and handgrip strength. Sixteen cyclists performed two pedalling exercises at ~200 W lasting 20 minutes on a cycle ergometer that delivered vibrations under the fork (vertical amplitude: 4-25 mm; frequency: 4-17 Hz) whilst using cylindrical handles and ergonomic clip-on handles with a randomized order. Compared to cylindrical handles, ergonomic clip-on handles decreased significantly vibration transmissibility to the extensor digitorum, triceps brachii and flexor carpi radialis muscles by 10, 10 and 7%, respectively. The surface electromyography activity of the flexor carpi radialis decreased by 45%, while that of the triceps brachii increased by 12% (both significantly). Unlike the cylindrical handles, the ergonomic clip-on handles did not involve a significant decrease in the maximal handgrip force after the pedalling exercise. The ergonomic clip-o handles may prevent symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome in mountain bikers and could preserve their ability to effectively manoeuvre and brake the bike.
The article reveals in detail more than 50 years of scientific and practical experience of Russian sports psychologists in the training of elite athletes-members of national sports teams. The works of well-known scientists who were employees of the Saint-Petersburg Scientific-Research Institute for Physical Culture describe the sequence of development of the psychophysiological approach. A description of the psychophysiological methods developed at the Institute, their capabilities and results of practical use in the scientific and methodological support of sports training of elite athletes is given. Authors provide a scientific justification for the fact that the use of a psychophysiological approach, bases on I. Pavlov's ideas, to determine current psychophysiological conditions and innate individual characteristics, including talents and giftedness, is an indispensable tool for a sports psychologist in the practice of training and developing the potential of athletes to achieve excellence in sport performance.
