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The design of next-generation integrated systems requires that "Art", a mix of knowledge, experience, intuition and creativeness, be supported by "Science", i.e., design methodologies that provide rigorous foundations and guarantee correctness either by construction or by a set of powerful synthesis and verification tools. We present platform-based...
Citations
... This paper adopts platform-based design (PBD) as a unifying methodology for automated, structured, and integrated building application design. PBD has been successfully applied in various domains, including hardware-software codesign [15], analog circuit design [16], automotive electronics [17], and communication systems [18], both at chip and system levels. The PBD approach consists of two phases: ...
... Given recent advancements in system-level design for networks [16], [18] and software [48], [49], we anticipate that the Platform-Based Design (PBD) paradigm will play a crucial role in addressing these challenges within the BOS context, further enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of smart building implementations. ...
Smart buildings are emerging as complex cyber-physical systems that aim to provide safe, comfortable, energy-efficient, and aesthetically pleasing environments. However, traditional design methods are becoming inefficient due to increasing functional complexity, cost pressures, and market demands. This paper introduces a platform-based design (PBD) methodology for smart buildings. PBD promotes hardware and software reuse on shared infrastructures, enables rapid prototyping, and facilitates extensive design space exploration to optimize performance. We identify, abstract, and formalize key components of smart buildings, presenting a design flow that transforms high-level functional specifications into physical implementations within the PBD framework. To demonstrate the practical application of this approach, we present a case study on the design of an occupancy-responsive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system.
... In this paper, we use platform-based design (PBD) as a unifying methodology to support automated, structured, and integrated building application design. PBD has been applied to design problems in various application domains, including hardware-software codesign [15], analog circuit design [16], automotive electronic system design [17], and communication design [18], both on-chip and at the system level. The PBD paradigm proceeds in two phases. ...
... The proposed integrated design approach can help alleviate such issues by promoting component reuse on the function design level. Considering the recent developments in systemlevel design in areas such as network design [16], [18] and software design [48], [49], we believe that the PBD paradigm will also be key to addressing these challenges in the BOS context. ...
... On top of metamodeling techniques, the Platform-Based Design (PBD) Sangiovanni-Vincentelli 2002;Carloni et al. 2002] methodology was introduced to address integration and design reuse challenges with a refinement/abstraction-based approach. PBD is based on the identification and selection of different layers which represent different levels of the design abstraction called platforms. ...
Cyber-Physical Systems are integrations of computation and physical processes and as such, will be increasingly relevant to industry and people. The complexity of designing CPS resides in their heterogeneity. Heterogeneity manifest itself in modeling their functionality as well as in the implementation platforms that include a multiplicity of components such as microprocessors, signal processors, peripherals, memories, sensors and actuators often integrated on a single chip or on a small package such as a multi-chip module. We need a methodology, tools and environments where heterogeneity can be dealt with at all levels of abstraction and where different tools can be integrated. We present here Platform-Based Design as the CPS methodology of choice and metroII, a design environment that supports it. We present the metamodeling approach followed in metroII, how to couple the functionality and implementation platforms of CPS, and the simulation technology that supports the analysis of CPS and of their implementation. We also present examples of use and the integration of metroII with another popular design environment developed at Verimag, BIP.
... The lifetime problem is a complex problem of WSN and cannot be resolved one-sidedly. The problems have to be introduced at three main categories [8][15] [16]: ...
Wireless sensor nodes are use most embedded computing application. Multihop cluster hierarchy has been presented for large wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that can provide scalable routing, data aggregation, and querying. The energy consumption rate for sensors in a WSN varies greatly based on the protocols the sensors use for communications. In this paper we present a cluster based routing algorithm. One of our main goals is to design the energy efficient routing protocol. Here we try to solve the usual problems of WSNs. We know the efficiency of WSNs depend upon the distance between node to base station and the amount of data to be transferred and the performance of clustering is greatly influenced by the selection of cluster-heads, which are in charge of creating clusters and controlling member nodes. This algorithm makes the best use of node with low number of cluster head know as super node. Here we divided the full region in four equal zones and the center area of the region is used to select for super node. Each zone is considered separately and the zone may be or not divided further that's depending upon the density of nodes in that zone and capability of the super node. This algorithm forms multilayer communication. The no of layer depends on the network current load and statistics. Our algorithm is easily extended to generate a hierarchy of cluster heads to obtain better network management and energy efficiency.
... In this paper we present a methodology for power consumption evaluation of the individual nodes of a wireless sensor network. Our methodology supports the Platform Based Design (PBD) paradigm [16] [28], providing power analysis for various sensor platforms by defining separate abstraction layers for application, services, hardware and power supply modules. It is implemented as a SystemCbased framework that combines the event-driven simulation engine and HW model composer, and allows a user to describe the application using a set of service calls and user functions described in C/C++ language. ...
... PBD is a methodology that combines the specification, validation and synthesis steps of the design flow, while maintaining a clear separation between the corresponding models [16] [28]. By doing so, the designer can operate separately on the distinctive steps and maintain a global view of the impact of his/her design decisions on the final implementation. ...
... Our methodology is based on the PBD paradigm [16] [28]. In our methodology we distinguish four separate layers as depicted on Figure 1. ...
Energy consumption is one of the most constraining requirements for the design and implementation of wireless sensor networks. Simulation tools allow one to significantly decrease the effort and time spent to choose the right solution. Existing simulators provide varying degrees of analysis for communication, application and energy domains. However, they do not provide enough flexibility to estimate the consumed power for a wide range of wireless sensor network (WSN) hardware (HW) platforms. In this paper we present a flexible and extensible simulation framework to estimate power consumption of sensor network applications for arbitrary HW platforms. This framework allows designers of sensor networks to estimate power consumption of the explored HW platform which permits the selection of an optimal HW solution and software (SW) implementation for the desired projects.
... The operational amplifier is the most widely used of all linear circuits in production today, in various areas such as consumer, industrial, and scientific. The presented low noise amplifier has been designed especially for noise measurements [1], and has been integrated in an on-chip phase-noise measurement circuit as shown in Fig. 1. In fact, many high precision instruments such as instrument amplifier require a very high open loop gain and ultra low input noise to achieve the required signal to noise ratio. ...
The design and realization of an ultra-low noise operational amplifier is presented. Its applications are integrated low-frequency noise measurements in electronic devices and on- chip phase-noise measurement circuit. This paper discusses the SiGe:C BiCMOS 0.25 mum design improvements used for low noise applications. The proposed three-stage operational amplifier uses parallel bipolar transistor connection as input differential pair for low noise behavior. This operational amplifier provides both low noise and high gain performances. This operational amplifier has an area of only 660 times 250 mum2 with an equivalent input noise floor of only 1.1 nV/ radicHz square root at 10 kHz. The measured noise characteristics (versus total power consumption) are better than those of most operational amplifiers commonly adopted in low-frequency noise measurements. The AC gain is 83 dB and the unity gain bandwidth is 210 MHz, with a total current consumption of 18 mA at 2.5 V supply voltage.
... The paper presents an analysis of high-level models for implementation of transformational approaches based on higher-level abstractions in HW and ES design domains. We motivate the importance of our research by the following reasons: 1) The necessity of considering design at a higher abstraction level caused by ever increasing complexity of systems to be designed [6]; 2) The efforts of introducing high-level languages such as UML and SystemC in the HW and ES design practice [7]; 3) The efforts to exploit the reuse potential in design methodologies as widely as possible in both dimensions (component-based and generative/transformational reuse) [2,8]. 4) Introduction of novel design paradigms, such as platform-based design [3], ambient intelligence [9], product lines [10]; 5) The increasing role of configurable components in design [8] (configuration is a way for expressing variability at a higher abstraction level). ...
Evolution of design methodologies follows a common trail: technology scaling leads to growing design complexity and rising abstraction level in the domain. Introduction of new (higher) abstraction levels emphasizes the importance of reuse and transformations. The design process can be seen as a sequence of high-level transformations from the higher-level specification to the lower-level one. We analyze high-level modeling and metaprogramming techniques for supporting transformations based on domain variability models. Next, we present a reuse evolution model for domain component design at a higher abstraction level to support the transformation-oriented approaches. Finally, high-level modeling techniques (UML-domain language metamodels for domain code generation, parameterized UML classes for template metaprogramming, feature models for explicit representation of variability) for specification of transformations and metaprograms are analyzed.
... In comparison to conventional Operational Amplifiers (OpAmps), programmable OpAmps have the advantage of being adaptable to the given circuit specification. This property makes them useful for platform-oriented design [1], in particular for the design of multi-purpose microchips [2]. ...
The problem of variable phase margin of our programmable operational amplifier (OpAmp), which was presented at ESSCIRC 2006, has been solved. The OpAmp is programmable concerning noise and power consumption, while the phase margin is kept at an approximately constant value of 68deg for the whole range of programmability. Experimental results for a 0.35 mum CMOS OpAmp show either low noise of 3.6 nV/radicHz or low power consumption of 59 muW, and a phase margin variation of only Deltaphires = 6deg.
... In these examples, I emphasize the levels of abstraction and their relative positions, as well as the way they relate to the overall design flow. I invite the interested readers to see [45], [61], and [168], for a set of different applications that include hardware/software co-design, analog design, automotive electronic system design, and communication design both on-chip and at the system level. ...
System-level design (SLD) is considered by many as the next frontier in electronic design automation (EDA). SLD means many things to different people since there is no wide agreement on a definition of the term. Academia, designers, and EDA experts have taken different avenues to attack the problem, for the most part springing from the basis of traditional EDA and trying to raise the level of abstraction at which integrated circuit designs are captured, analyzed, and synthesized from. However, my opinion is that this is just the tip of the iceberg of a much bigger problem that is common to all system industry. In particular, I believe that notwithstanding the obvious differences in the vertical industrial segments (for example, consumer, automotive, computing, and communication), there is a common underlying basis that can be explored. This basis may yield a novel EDA industry and even a novel engineering field that could bring substantial productivity gains not only to the semiconductor industry but to all system industries including industrial and automotive, communication and computing, avionics and building automation, space and agriculture, and health and security, in short, a real technical renaissance. In this paper, I present the challenges faced by industry in system level design. Then, I propose a design methodology, platform-based design (PBD), that has the potential of addressing these challenges in a unified way. Further, I place methodology and tools available today in the PBD framework and present a tool environment, Metropolis, that supports PBD and that can be used to integrate available tools and methods together with two examples of its application to separate industrial domains
... Architectural models such as platforms [13,39,51, 60] focus on embedded system design based on IP reuse. Platforms are common architectures based on principal components that remain fixed within a certain degree of parameterization. ...
System-level design based on high-level abstractions is becoming increasingly important in hardware and embedded system design. This paper analyzes meta-design techniques oriented at developing meta-programs and meta-models for well-understood domains. Meta-design techniques include meta-programming and meta-modeling. At the programming level of design process, meta-design means developing generic components that are usable in a wider context of application than original domain components. At the modeling level, meta-design means developing design patterns that describe general solutions to the common recurring design problems, and meta-models that describe the relationship between different types of design models and abstractions. The paper describes and evaluates the implementation of meta-design in hardware design domain using object-oriented and meta-programming techniques. The presented ideas are illustrated with a case study.
