(A) Topographic analysis of Macacos stream and the study area. (B) Preserved stretch of Macacos stream. (C) Sediments in Macacos stream. (D) Invasive vegetal species in Macacos Stream.

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... figure 2A shows that the Vitoria's informal settlement was established on an area at high risk of water erosion, originally composed of several headwaters where the vegetation was completely lost. The altitude difference from 725 to 840 revealed the erosive potential of this area considering the inclination as well as the presence of headwater and streams across the area. ...

Context 2

... the Macacos stream may be considered still preserved at the zones 1 and 3 ( figure 2B), the Victoria urbanization has impacted the streams with high level of sediments in zone 2 ( figure 1E), leading to the massive invasion by exotic species such as Brachiaria sp and Typha domingensis ( figure 2 D). The satellite images captured until 2013 ( figure 3A) shows that the land was preserved with a NDVI index around 1. ...

Context 3

... the Macacos stream may be considered still preserved at the zones 1 and 3 ( figure 2B), the Victoria urbanization has impacted the streams with high level of sediments in zone 2 ( figure 1E), leading to the massive invasion by exotic species such as Brachiaria sp and Typha domingensis ( figure 2 D). The satellite images captured until 2013 ( figure 3A) shows that the land was preserved with a NDVI index around 1. ...

Context 4

... vegetation loss was particularly accentuated after 2017 as shown by the NDVI indices, as a consequence of the rapid, intense and disorderly process of urbanization of this area. However, the region surrounding the Victoria urbanization has also suffered an impact on its vegetation structure, especially after 2019 ( figure 3C), which was attributed to the large contribution of sediments ( figure 2B) from the collapsing erosions. Indeed, the Table 1 shows a strong change in the plant species composition that occurred along the stream fragment along the Victorias's informal settlement. ...

Context 5

... figure 2A shows that the Vitoria's informal settlement was established on an area at high risk of water erosion, originally composed of several headwaters where the vegetation was completely lost. The altitude difference from 725 to 840 revealed the erosive potential of this area considering the inclination as well as the presence of headwater and streams across the area. ...

Context 6

... the Macacos stream may be considered still preserved at the zones 1 and 3 ( figure 2B), the Victoria urbanization has impacted the streams with high level of sediments in zone 2 ( figure 1E), leading to the massive invasion by exotic species such as Brachiaria sp and Typha domingensis ( figure 2 D). The satellite images captured until 2013 ( figure 3A) shows that the land was preserved with a NDVI index around 1. ...

Context 7

... the Macacos stream may be considered still preserved at the zones 1 and 3 ( figure 2B), the Victoria urbanization has impacted the streams with high level of sediments in zone 2 ( figure 1E), leading to the massive invasion by exotic species such as Brachiaria sp and Typha domingensis ( figure 2 D). The satellite images captured until 2013 ( figure 3A) shows that the land was preserved with a NDVI index around 1. ...

Context 8

... vegetation loss was particularly accentuated after 2017 as shown by the NDVI indices, as a consequence of the rapid, intense and disorderly process of urbanization of this area. However, the region surrounding the Victoria urbanization has also suffered an impact on its vegetation structure, especially after 2019 ( figure 3C), which was attributed to the large contribution of sediments ( figure 2B) from the collapsing erosions. Indeed, the Table 1 shows a strong change in the plant species composition that occurred along the stream fragment along the Victorias's informal settlement. ...