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We present a conceptually simple and intuitive method to calculate and to measure the dissimilarities among 2D shapes. Several methods to interpret and to visualize the resulting dissimilarity matrix are presented and compared.
This unpublished paper attempts at an conceptual understanding of Organization Knowledge.
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My central claim is that resonances between Transcendentalist and Chinese philosophies are so strong that the former cannot be adequately appreciated without the latter. I give attention to the Analects, the Mengzi and the Tiantai Lotus Sutra, which Transcendentalists read. Because there was conceptual sharing across Chinese traditions, plus evidence suggesting Transcendentalists explored other texts, my analysis includes discussions of Daoism and Weishi, Huayan and Chan Buddhism. To name just some similarities between the targeted outlooks, Transcendentalists adopt something close to wu-wei or effortless action; though hostile to hierarchy, they echo the Confucian stress on rituals or habits; Thoreau’s individualistic libertarianism is moderated by a radical causal holism found in many Chinese philosophies; and variants of Chinese Buddhism get close to Transcendentalist metaphysics and epistemologies, which anticipate radical embodied cognitive science. A specific argument is that Transcendentalists followed some of their Chinese counterparts by conserving the past and converting it into radicalism. A meta-argument is that ideas were exchanged via trade from Europe through North Africa to Western Asia and India into the Far East, and contact with Indigenous Americans led to the same. This involved degrees of misrepresentation, but it nonetheless calls upon scholars to adopt more global approaches.
Jelen tanulmány több szempontból is rendhagyónak tekinthető. Először is, a dolgozat szerzői kompex retorikát mutatnak be, amely az érveléselmélet három dimenzióját veszi alapul és használja fel érvei keretezéséhez: az érvelés mint produktum (egyfajta termék vagy artefaktum), procedúra (eljárás vagy működés) és processzus (folyamat) megközelítését. Másodszor, a 3P szempontrendszerét ajánlva a szerzők a World Wildlife Fund természetvédelmi civil szervezet 2009-es minimalista reklámkampányának képeire vonatkoztatják, az imágók vizuális retorikai struktúráját, illetve érvelését górcső alá véve. Harmadszor, értekezésük legfeltűnőbb különlegességeként, a szerzőtársak nyilvános vitába bocsátkoznak a képek által bemutatott érvelési szerkezeteket tekintve, és, míg Deli Eszter a WWF képeket vizuális enthümémaként azonosítja, Németh Gabriella ugyanazon képeket mint vizuális retorikai dilemmákat elemzi, annak érdekében, hogy a szerzők rávilágítsanak a képek összetett belső struktúráira és szándékolt hatásának megkérdőjelezhetőségére. The present study may be considered extraordinary in several respects. Firstly, the authors of the thesis present a rhetoric of a complex nature, which is based on the three dimensions of argumentation theory, and which uses them as a framework of its arguments: argumentation as a product (a kind of result or artefact), procedure (a kind of operation) and process (a kind of action) approach. Secondly, the authors examine the images of the 2009 minimalist advertising campaign of the World Wildlife Fund international non-governmental organisation, offering the 3P criteria system for the analysis of the visual rhetorical structure and arguments found in the images. Thirdly, as the most distinctive feature of their dissertation, the authors engage in a public debate relating to the argumentation structures presented by the images, and, while Eszter Deli identifies WWF images as visual enthymemes, Gabriella Németh analyses the same images as visual rhetorical dilemmas in order to highlight the complex internal structures and the rather quetionable intended effects of the advertisements.
