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A. New interpretation of the inflorescence of Lipocarpha rehmannii inflorescence. The inflorescence consists of a spikelet of spirally arranged glumes each subtending a flower. B. Old interpretation of the Lipocarpha rehmannii inflorescence (Goetghebeur & Van den Borre 1989). In that interpretation, the inflorescence consists of a spike of highly reduced spikelets with each spikelet subtended by a spikelet bract (blue). Near the base of the nutlet, remnants of a prophyll and glume can be found. Blue = spikelet bract; pink = prophyll; yellow = glume; red = nutlet. 

A. New interpretation of the inflorescence of Lipocarpha rehmannii inflorescence. The inflorescence consists of a spikelet of spirally arranged glumes each subtending a flower. B. Old interpretation of the Lipocarpha rehmannii inflorescence (Goetghebeur & Van den Borre 1989). In that interpretation, the inflorescence consists of a spike of highly reduced spikelets with each spikelet subtended by a spikelet bract (blue). Near the base of the nutlet, remnants of a prophyll and glume can be found. Blue = spikelet bract; pink = prophyll; yellow = glume; red = nutlet. 

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Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that Lipocarpha and Volkiella are nested in a paraphyletic Cyperus s.s. and therefore should be viewed as part of a broadly circumscribed genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae). In this paper, molecular phylogenetic analyses of Lipocarpha and Volkiella based on nuclear ribosomal ETS1f and plastid rpl32-trnL and trn...

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... developmental data on the inflorescence of L. rehmannii (the type species of Rikliella) show evidence to exclude L. rehmannii from the Lipocarpha clade (Fig. 5B-H). No remnant of a spikelet prophyll nor a glume subtending a flower are visible (Fig. 5H). Such rudiments would be expected if L. rehmannii truly evolved from a lipocarphoid ancestor (Fig. 6B). Consequently, for L. rehmannii, and probably also for L. kernii (its development was not examined in detail in this study), it is now more parsimonious to assume that the reduced spikelets actually are flowers, each subtended by a glume (Fig. 6A). Consequently, the inflorescence unit consists of a single spikelet with spirally ...
Context 2
... 5H). Such rudiments would be expected if L. rehmannii truly evolved from a lipocarphoid ancestor (Fig. 6B). Consequently, for L. rehmannii, and probably also for L. kernii (its development was not examined in detail in this study), it is now more parsimonious to assume that the reduced spikelets actually are flowers, each subtended by a glume (Fig. 6A). Consequently, the inflorescence unit consists of a single spikelet with spirally arranged glumes, each subtending a flower (Fig. 5E, 6A). These glumes resemble the spikelet bracts of core Lipocarpha, but they are in fact different structures. The glumes of the spikelet of these species have a strongly developed mucro (Fig. 7W, X), a ...

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... This is evident from previously published phylogenetic work on Encephalartos, which included the majority of the recognised species, but were unable to resolve the backbone or species relationships between closely related taxa (Rousseau, 2012;Mankga et al., 2020). Studies have found that resolution can be improved by sampling more than one individual of the same species, increasing sampling of taxa and using a wider range of markers to cover more of the genome and find further polymorphic sites (Zwickl and Hillis, 2002;Bauters et al., 2014;Larridon et al., 2020;Wells et al., 2021). ...
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