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... are one of the indigenous people of Nepal having their own language, culture and tradition (Fig. 4). Majhis have special relation with rivers in the sense that their life and living are depend on rivers. Traditional occupation of Majhi people are making boats, fishing and helping people cross rivers. Therefore, Plant is ground with black pepper (3:1) and about 3 teaspoons twice a day is given to cure leucorrhoea for a week. Root is ...
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An ethno-botanical survey of Vijayapur district comprising five tehsils was conducted during February 2014 to December 2015. The main purpose of this survey was to document the traditional use of medicinal plants for primary infertility in women in vijayapur district. 13 species belonging to 13 genera and 12 families were found to be used to treat...
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... The lower value may represent the lack of knowledge regarding the use of such species (Srithi et al. 2009). In comparison to the previous literature (Malla et al. 2015), the highest FL value was reported for Paris polyphylla to treat gastrointestinal disorders, followed by Bergenia ciliata to treat urogenital disorders. Moreover, Ambu et al. (2020) had reported the highest FL value for Calotropis gigantea regarding dermatological disorders, followed by Drymaria cordata against fever, and Mangifera indica for gastrointestinal disorders. ...
Background: The rural people from different ethnic groups in Nepal possess vast knowledge regarding medicinal plants and
their use in the treatment of human ailment. The aim of this study is to record the local’s knowledge about traditional
medicine in Bethanchowk Rural Municipality, Central Nepal.
Methods: The ethnomedicinal information was collected with the help of door-to-door interviews and focus group
discussions using open ended questionnaire with local people and key informants. A linear regression and Spearman
correlation were performed to observe the relationship between the age of respondents and the number of plants described
by them. The quantitative data were analyzed by informant consensus factor (ICF) and fidelity level (FL).
Results: The present study has recorded 227 medicinal plant species under 94 families and 200 genera. The most frequently
occurring plants were herbs (n = 103) and leaves (n = 54) as plant parts. There was no significant difference (p = 0.401) in the
knowledge of medicinal plants possessed and the number of plants described by the genders. The Spearman correlation (ρ
= 0.225) and linear regression justified the weak relationship between the age of the respondents and the number of plants
described by them. The ICF value ranged from 0.5 to 0.93, and the highest was observed for gynecological disorder. The FL
value ranged from 6.94 to 98.20, with the highest for Ageratina adenophora for bleeding, cuts, and wounds.
Conclusion: The traditional medicinal knowledge of local people of Bethanchowk Rural Municipality has been documented
in the study. The necessity for such additional documentation and scientific validation of recorded species has been
determined by the current investigation.
... Many commercially important medicinal plants grow naturally here, offering a lifeline to local people. Indigenous medicines derived from these plants provide considerable economic benefits (Malla et al. 2015). The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that about 25% of modern medicines are developed from plant sources traditionally used for healing, and research into these plants has led to the discovery of 75% of herbal drugs (Singh et al. 2019a). ...
This study investigates the ethnomedicinal plants and traditional medical practices in three remote villages along the Bha-girathi River in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand. Data were collected from 17 respondents, predominantly older individuals with minimal formal education, regarding 22 ethnomedicinal plant species. The Apiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, and Taxaceae families are the most represented, with herbaceous plants being the dominant life form and roots identified as the most frequently utilized plant part. Decoction emerged as the primary method of plant-based medicine preparation. A high Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) is recorded for the treatment of stone problems, with frequently cited plant Bergenia ciliata. Key species such as Aconitum heterophyllum, Bergenia ciliata, Asparagus racemosus, Berberis lycium, and Dactylorhiza hata-girea exhibited the highest relative frequency of citation (RFC) and fidelity level (FL), indicating their significance in local healthcare practices. Additionally, Malus domestica demonstrated the highest use value (UV) due to its frequent availability in the region. Notably, this study provides the first documentation of the use of Thalictrum foliolosum for genito-urinary ailments , thereby expanding its known ethnomedicinal applications. However, several medicinal species, including Aconitum heterophyllum, Angelica glauca, and Dactylorhiza hatagirea, are classified as endangered, while Nardostachys jatamansi is critically endangered due to overharvesting driven by high market demand. The findings underscore the importance of documenting traditional knowledge and the potential of these plants for future pharmaceutical applications, while also emphasizing the need for conservation efforts to protect these valuable species in their natural habitats.
... The study revealed that the diseases that were reported to be the most prevalent in rural populations in Manipur and other places had the highest level of agreement. Several ethnic cultures worldwide have also reported using digestive disease as their primary class of treatment (Ghorbani et al., 2011;Mosaddegh et al., 2012;Murad et al., 2013;Uddin and Hassan, 2014;Malla et al., 2015;. The high incidence of digestive diseases among the local population may be caused by the lack of sanitary food and water sources, as well as frequent inhalation of smoke from fuel wood. ...
... The critical value for the dataset / , =1.97 at significance level 5% was from -1.2528 to 4.2412. A summary of studentized residuals of least-square, log-transformed and negative-binomial analyses are presented in Fig. 4. (Poudel et al. 2021); Baglung (Manandhar 1993); Bara (Singh 2017); Baitadi ; Banke (Manandhar 1998); Bardiya (Pariyar et al. 2021); Bhaktapur (Dulal et al. 2022); Bhojpur (Paudyal et al. 2021); Chitwan (Dangol & Gurung 1991); Dhading (Kunwar et al. 2006 (Bhatt & Kunwar 2021); Kavre (Manandhar 1991); Lamjung (Manandhar 1987);Lalitpur (Silwal et al. 2023); Manang (Bhattarai et al. 2006); Mustang (Bhattarai et al. 2010); Myagdi (Manandhar 1995); Makawanpur (Luitel et al. 2014), Morang (Baral & Bhagat 2018); Nawalparasi (Bhattarai et al. 2009);Okhaldhunga (Karki et al. 2023); Parbat (Malla et al. 2015); Panchthar ; Palpa (Singh et al. 2018); Rasuwa (Shrestha et al. 2014); Rukum (Bhatta 1999); Rolpa (Budha-Magar et al. 2020); Rupandehi (Singh et al. 2011);Sunsari (Ale-Magar et al. 2022); Sindhupalchok (Gurung 2023); Saptari ); Salyan (Kurmi & Baral 2004); Syangja (Aryal & Thapa 2019); Sindhuli (Manandhar 1990); Sankhuwasawa (Dewan et al. 2023); Tehrathum (Rai 2003); Parsa (Singh 2017 All five statistical analyses revealed that some plant families were over-represented, and some plant families were underrepresented in traditional medicines of Nepal. Despite the fact that the five statistical approaches applied here to estimate medicinal importance of plant families all have their strength and weaknesses, our results show remarkable overlap in the results, particularly amongst Log-transformed, Binomial, Negative-binomial, and Bayesian analyses. ...
Background: In quantitative ethnobotany, different statistical tools and approaches have been used to compare medicinal
floras with the overall flora of a given area and to investigate over- and under-represented medicinal plant families.
Methods: In this study, we analyzed a dataset of medicinal plant species of Nepal to evaluate their usefulness in traditional
medicines in Nepal. We compared five different statistical methods (Bayesian, Binomial, Least-square, Log-transformed, and
Negative-binomial) to test which plant families are more likely to harbor more medicinal plant species that are being used.
Results: Among the tested methods, least-square method was found more pertinent in the sense that the over-represented
medicinal plant families of this approach and that being used in traditional medicines resembled the greater affinity. For
small and community level datasets, negative-binomial analysis was found pertinent. Thus, it is particularly important to
combine statistical approaches for small, and moderate-sized data to avoid inherent methodological biases. The combined
approach of all five statistical methods generated the over-represented plant families in the following order Moraceae,
Cucurbitaceae, Zingiberaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, and Anacardiaceae, which is close to the
result of 5% significance level of negative-binomial analysis.
Conclusions: This analysis allowed us to identify plant families which are apparently underutilized and which apparently are
substantial sources of traditional medicines in Nepal. This study also contributed to the discussion of the methodology to
test the non-random theory of medicinal plant selection. Similar assessments are needed for finding out the best methods
for identifying the over- and under-utilized plant species.
... The study revealed that the diseases that were reported to be the most prevalent in rural populations in Manipur and other places had the highest level of agreement. Several ethnic cultures worldwide have also reported using digestive disease as their primary class of treatment (Ghorbani et al., 2011;Mosaddegh et al., 2012;Murad et al., 2013;Uddin and Hassan, 2014;Malla et al., 2015;. The high incidence of digestive diseases among the local population may be caused by the lack of sanitary food and water sources, as well as frequent inhalation of smoke from fuel wood. ...
... Average age of small scale farmers was found to be 48.71 while mean of large scale farmers was found to be 50.38. Average age was found to be less than the previous study i.e. 59.8 years old (Malla et al., 2015). ...
... Janjati (12%) and Dalit (7.20%). From this we can conclude that major area of the study area was covered by Brahmin Society (Malla et al., 2015). ...
This study, conducted in Parbat district, Nepal, aimed to comprehensively examine the economic aspects of rice production, involving an in-depth analysis of farmers' socioeconomic status, production factors, inputs, and challenges faced. The research employed pre-tested interview schedules, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and Key Informant Surveys (KIS) for primary data collection, supplemented by secondary information from relevant publications. Using simple random sampling, data were gathered from 125 farmers, classified as small-scale and large-scale based on their average land holdings devoted to rice cultivation. Statistical tools including SPSS and Microsoft Excel were utilized for data analysis. The study revealed that the land area dedicated to rice cultivation averaged 6.08 ropani. Human labor was a predominant input, alongside seed, tillage, organic and chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and transportation, employed by both small and large farms. Production per household amounted to 1177.44 kg, with a productivity rate of 217.96 kg/ropani. Notably, there was a significant disparity in production per household, with small-scale farms yielding 971.2 kg and large-scale farms producing 1585 kg. The study estimated the total average cost, gross revenue, and gross margin per ropani as NPR. 12188.79, NPR. 18295.09, and NPR. 6106.29, respectively, resulting in an average benefit-cost ratio of 1.5. The Cobb Douglas production function analysis indicated that inputs such as human labor, tillage, organic manures, pesticides, and transportation positively influenced income, while chemical fertilizers costs had a negative impact. The computed return to scale value of 0.95 signified decreasing returns in rice production in Parbat district. Consequently, the study recommends addressing issues related to the quality of inputs and other challenges to maximize production and income in the region.
... Diverse cultural beliefs and practices in Nepal appear to shape PwSCI's decisions regarding their utilization of rehabilitation services. Nepal is home to many ethnic groups, each with its own distinct cultures and religious practices (Malla et al., 2015). Consistent with the findings of Hanapi et al. (2019), traditional medical practices are still extensively used in most parts of Nepal. ...
Purpose/Objective: This study aims to explore the perspectives of rehabilitation professionals regarding the barriers to spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation services in Nepal. Research Method/Design: A qualitative study involved 15 rehabilitation professionals working in the Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Center in Nepal. After obtaining informed consent, in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted using Zoom and phone calls between June and July 2023. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach was utilized to analyze the interviews and generate themes from the participants’ responses. Results: The participants represented nine different rehabilitation professions. Over half of them were female (53.33%), and 86.67% had one to 10 years of experience in SCI rehabilitation. From in-depth interviews, four themes depicting barriers to rehabilitation were identified: (a) resource constraints within the rehabilitation centers, (b) concerns related to finance, awareness, and support mechanisms, (c) systemic problems coupled with geographical and physical barriers, and (d) beliefs and practices influencing access and adherence to rehabilitation. Conclusions and Implications: Delivering effective rehabilitation services for people with SCI presents a range of barriers. Considering the critical importance of rehabilitation for this population, the findings underscore the necessity of engaging stakeholders at multiple levels, individuals, communities, and government agencies to address the identified barriers and improve rehabilitation services in Nepal. The implications of the findings are further discussed.
... Researchers have documented the extensive ethnomedicinal knowledge of the Limbu community, documenting a total of 225 species in 191 genera and 92 families from Limbuwan in Eastern Nepal (Limbu & Rai, 2013). Various studies, including Malla et al. (2015), Paudel et al. (2017), Bhattarai (2018), Paudel et al. (2018a), Paudel et al. (2018b), Paudyal et al. (2021), and Das et al. (2021), have explored ethnomedicinally important plants. However, we have yet to explore the ethnomedicinal potential of the Limbu community in Chhathar rural municipality that has not been explored yet. ...
This study has been carried out to investigate the ethnomedicinal knowledge of the Limbu community in Chhathar Rural Municipality, Tehrathum District, Nepal. The study explored 85 ethnomedicinal plant species belonging to 45 families and 77 genera. Among them, 38 plants were wild and 47 were cultivated. The maximum number of seven plant species used medicinally belongs to the family Fabaceae, and six plant species were noted from Asteraceae and Poaceae. Four plant species were noted from Apiaceae and Solanaceae. Similarly, Zingiberaceae, Brassicaceae, Rutaceae, Lamiaceae, and Cucurbitaceae each comprise three plant species. Two plant species were noted from Amaryllidaceae and Lauraceae. The collected plant species are known to have curative properties against diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, cuts, wounds, skin disease, fever, cough, dyspepsia, jaundice, gastric trouble, toothache, and cholesterol disease. Out of 85 recorded plants, trees and herbs both had the highest (41.17%), followed by shrubs (14.11%), climbers (4%), and climbers (3.52%). According to mode of preparation, mostly juice is used (30.83%), followed by paste (23.33%), powder (15%), decoction (7.5%), raw (6.66%), latex (5%), cooked (5%), oil (4.16%), ghee (0.84%), boiled (0.84%), and crushed (0.84%). Maximum plants were used for diarrhea (10%) followed by cut (7.22%), cough (4.44%), dysentery (3.88%), and constipation (3.33%).
... Traditional healers and elderly people of the community have learned folklore through apprenticeships to treat common health disorders based on their traditional knowledge 7,8 . Some ethnic groups have developed their own traditional healing systems and they transfer their knowledge orally through generations 7,9 . Tharu is one of the largest ethnic groups representing 6.56% of national population and 13.47% of the Tarai population 10 . ...
... Artemisia myriantha used for wound healing and gastritis control. Artemisia herbs are highly fragrant and medicinal herb used worldwide and Artemisia vulgaris has been considered as "mother of herbs" in middle age 29 protein, and fibres and their antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antibacterial property, used for the control of dermatological, cardiovascular, renal, gynaecological and gastrointestinal problems 9,15,22,23,26,30,39,41,44 . ...
Tharu is a tribal community residing tropical region of Nepal, growing crops, and practicing diverse natural remedies for curing human and livestock diseases since long. They have firm belief in the use of medicinal plants to treat ailments such as cough, common cold, fever, burn, wound, fracture, stomach-ache, headache, gastritis, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dysentery, and so on. The present study focused to document their traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants. Information was collected via survey and the focus group discussion (FGD). A detailed structured questionnaire was used for interview in order to document medicinal practices. A total of 44 local people aged between 20-80 years old were participated including 23 farmers, five local health workers, nine teachers, and one community head. Plant specimen was collected from nearby forest and agroecosystem with the help of local guide. Specimen were identified in laboratory with the help of experts, digital herbarium images and published literatures. Frequency of citation (FC) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) were calculated for each plant species. Altogether 30 plant species including wild and cultivated species, belonging to 24 families were documented. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) was highest for Ocimum tenuiflorum (0.91) followed by Citrus aurantiifolia (0.89), and Zingiber officinale (0.77). The people in Tharu community are practicing their ethnic traditional practices for curing different ailments with the help of locally available plants. Their ethnic knowledge differed slightly than that of other ethnic community and such practices seems less familiar among youngers which may indicate the possible threat to these knowledges in near future.
... Traditional healers and elderly people of the community have learned folklore through apprenticeships to treat common health disorders based on their traditional knowledge 7,8 . Some ethnic groups have developed their own traditional healing systems and they transfer their knowledge orally through generations 7,9 . Tharu is one of the largest ethnic groups representing 6.56% of national population and 13.47% of the Tarai population 10 . ...
... Artemisia myriantha used for wound healing and gastritis control. Artemisia herbs are highly fragrant and medicinal herb used worldwide and Artemisia vulgaris has been considered as "mother of herbs" in middle age 29 protein, and fibres and their antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antibacterial property, used for the control of dermatological, cardiovascular, renal, gynaecological and gastrointestinal problems 9,15,22,23,26,30,39,41,44 . ...
Tharu is a tribal community residing tropical region of Nepal, growing crops, and practicing diverse natural remedies for curing human and livestock diseases since long. They have firm belief in the use of medicinal plants to treat ailments such as cough, common cold, fever, burn, wound, fracture, stomach-ache, headache, gastritis, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dysentery, and so on. The present study focused to document their traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants. Information was collected via survey and the focus group discussion (FGD). A detailed structured questionnaire was used for interview in order to document medicinal practices. A total of 44 local people aged between 20-80 years old were participated including 23 farmers, five local health workers, nine teachers, and one community head. Plant specimen was collected from nearby forest and agroecosystem with the help of local guide. Specimen were identified in laboratory with the help of experts, digital herbarium images and published literatures. Frequency of citation (FC) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) were calculated for each plant species. Altogether 30 plant species including wild and cultivated species, belonging to 24 families were documented. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) was highest for Ocimum tenuiflorum (0.91) followed by Citrus aurantiifolia (0.89), and Zingiber officinale (0.77). The people in Tharu community are practicing their ethnic traditional practices for curing different ailments with the help of locally available plants. Their ethnic knowledge differed slightly than that of other ethnic community and such practices seems less familiar among youngers which may indicate the possible threat to these knowledges in near future.
